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Biomedical subjects

P Retzlaff

Publications and source records attributed to P Retzlaff.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Measuring self-efficacy in people with multiple sclerosis: a validation study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the psychometric properties of a measure of self-efficacy in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study by mail with retest. SETTING: MS Clinic registry of a large Boston teaching hospital . PATIENTS: 141 MS patients representing a broad range of disability. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The MS Self-Efficacy Scale (MSSE), the Expanded Disability Status Scale, the Sickness Impact Profile, and the mastery subscale of the Ryff Happiness Scale. RESULTS: The MSSE has high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, both for the overall scale and for the SE Function and SE Control subscales. Results of convergent and divergent validity analyses suggest that the scale is both sensitive and specific. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that MSSE is appropriate for assessing self-efficacy in the MS population.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

MCMI-III diagnostic validity: bad test or bad validity study.

Operating characteristics describe the validity of tests that attempt to dichotomously predict a diagnosis. These statistics are not fully published in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III Manual (MCMI-III manual; Millon, 1994). When calculated from available statistics, the positive predictive powers of the MCMI-III scales are poor both in absolute terms and relative to the MCMI-II (Millon, 1987). There were a number of problems, however, with the initial MCMI-III validity study both inherently and in execution. Although it is doubtful that the MCMI-III is weaker than the MCMI-II, a new validity study is needed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1995

Event-related potentials during delayed recognition of Wechsler Memory Scale-R paired associate learning.

The P300 is a component of cortical event related-potentials that has been linked to memory and recognition. This study examined P300 amplitude and latency during recognition of pairs of words from the WMS-R Verbal Paired Associate Learning subscale. After 24 subjects learned the pairs of words, they were shown pairs of words taken directly from the subscale that were combined to form matching or nonmatching pairs. This parallels the Delayed Recall subtest of the WMS-R. P300 amplitude was greater during recognition of matching word pairs and most prominent at central and parietal recording sites. P300 latency was shorter for matching than for nonmatching pairs. This points to a degree of psychophysiological validity of the WMS-R paired associate learning delayed recall task.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Compensation and pension evaluations: psychotic, neurotic, and post-traumatic stress disorder Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II profiles.

The purpose of the present work was to provide an examination of the three major VA adjudication classifications (post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], psychotic, and neurotic) through objective psychological testing. During routine follow-up compensation and pension evaluations, 143 patients were given the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II (MCMI-II). Additionally, their current disability diagnoses as well as their current percentage of disability were coded. Discriminant function analysis revealed that the pivotal discriminatory variables were alcohol abuse for the PTSD patients, thought disorder for the psychotics, and anxiety for the neurotics. This is remarkably consistent with general clinical expectations. This should allow for more specific use of the MCMI-II in compensation and pension examinations by Department of Veterans' Affairs psychologists.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Relationships between measures of auditory verbal learning and executive functioning.

Relationships between performance on the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and executive abilities were examined. In a sample of 115 neurological cases principal components factor analysis produced five theoretically and clinically meaningful CVLT factors. The five CVLT factors reflected general verbal learning (CVLT1), response discrimination (CVLT2), a proactive interference effect or "working memory" (CVLT3), serial learning strategy (CVLT4), and a retroactive interference effect (CVLT5). Canonical correlation between executive function measures and the five CVLT factor scores yielded one significant canonical variable accounting for 29 percent of the variance in the data. Two CVLT factors (CVLT1 and CVLT3), the Trail Making Test Part B, and Digit Span were significantly correlated with the canonical variate. Higher levels of memory performance were associated with better attention and mental tracking. Based on the present findings, attentional aspects of executive abilities appear to play a role in learning and working memory. Other aspects of executive abilities (abstraction, problem-solving, planning) appear to have minimal relationships with memory processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Air Force mental health consultation: a six-year retention follow-up.

Follow-up data were collected 68 months after Air Force basic trainees were screened at a mental hygiene clinic. Trainees were given the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) inventory and a clinical interview-recommended disposition. This process resulted in recommendations of immediate discharge for 65 trainees, administrative separation for 52, and return to duty for 48. None of the immediate discharge group served 4 years or more, only 5 of the administrative separation group did so, and 18 of the return to duty group did so. The passive-aggressive, anxiety, and dysthymia scales from the MCMI best differentiated between early discharges and those completing enlistments. Clinical judgment was of limited value in the recommendation of continued service and the trainees' simple referral for consultation was most powerful.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1992

Neuropsychological battery choice and theoretical orientation: a multivariate analysis.

In order to investigate the tests selected by neuropsychologists to make up clinical batteries, a large survey of neuropsychological test usage was cluster analyzed. This provided groupings of tests that are endorsed in common. Theoretical orientation within neuropsychology also was included in the analysis to determine which tests and clusters of tests are more and less associated with the reported orientation of the neuropsychologist. Fifteen clusters of tests were found. Strong and appropriate associations with the eclectic, hypothesis testing, process approach, Halstead-Reitan, Luria, and Benton orientations were seen.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

MCMI-II report style and bias: profile and validity scales analyses.

This study examines the behavior of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II) in the face of various response styles and biases. The profiles and validity configurations of eight different test-taking styles were analyzed. Four hundred MCMI-II inventories (50 for each of the following categories) were administered or generated to produce the following: (a) normal endorsement by subjects, (b) fake good for administrative reasons, (c) fake good for clinical reasons, (d) fake bad administratively, (e) fake bad clinically, (f) 50% true/50% false computer generated, (g) 95% true computer generated, and (h) 95% false computer generated. Good statistical and clinically relevant separation of the profiles was found for normal, fake good, fake bad, and the randomly generated profiles with 44% of the variance predicted. The percentage of profiles identified by validity scales, however, was modest.

Adult↗