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P Rice

Publications and source records attributed to P Rice.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Compilation of DNA sequences of Escherichia coli (update 1992).

We have compiled the DNA sequence data for E. coli available from the GENBANK and EMBL data libraries and over a period of several years independently from the literature. This is the fourth listing replacing and increasing the former listings substantially. However, in order to save space this printed version contains DNA sequence information only, if they are publically available in electronic form. The complete compilation including a full set of genetic map data and the E. coli protein index can be obtained in machine readable form from the EMBL data library (ECD release 10) or from the CD-ROM version of this supplement issue directly. After deletion of all detected overlaps a total of 1,820,237 individual bp is found to be determined till the beginning of 1992. This corresponds to a total of 38.56% of the entire E. coli chromosome consisting of about 4,720 kbp. This number may actually be higher by some extra 2.5% derived from lysogenic bacteriophage lambda and various DNA sequences already received for other strains of E. coli.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Statistical evaluation and biological interpretation of non-random abundance in the E. coli K-12 genome of tetra- and pentanucleotide sequences related to VSP DNA mismatch repair.

The abundance of all tetra- and pentanucleotide sequences is calculated for a set of DNA sequence data comprising 767,393 nucleotides of the E. coli K-12 genome. Observed frequencies are compared to those expected from a Markov chain prediction algorithm. Systematic and extreme non-random representations are found for special sets of sequences. These are interpreted as arising from incorporation of a 2'-deoxyguanosine residue opposite thymidine during replication which, in special sequence contexts, leads to a T/G mismatch that is simultaneously substrate for two competing DNA mismatch repair systems: the mutHLS and the VSP pathway. Processing by the former leads to error correction, by the latter to mutation fixation. The significance of the latter process, as demonstrated here, makes it unlikely that VSP repair has evolved mainly as a mutation avoidance mechanism. It is proposed that in E. coli K-12, VSP repair, together with DNA cytosine methylation, constitutes a mutagenesis/recombination system capable of promoting gene-conversion-like unidirectional transfer of short stretches of DNA sequence.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Effects of pimobendan (UDCG 115) on renal function in healthy volunteers.

A phase I, double-blind, single-dose, randomized, two-period crossover study was conducted to investigate the effects of pimobendan on renal function to assess whether renal events were a contra-indication to its administration. Results in eight healthy volunteers indicated no significant adverse events on renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, or laboratory safety screens; side-effects were also found to be minimal. Further studies are indicated to assess whether, in the proposed treatment group, i.e. patients with heart failure (in whom compromised renal function is common), pimobendan similarly elicits no serious adverse renal effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Use of disposable skin staplers for bowel anastomosis to reduce laparotomy time in war.

Laparotomy for penetrating wounds to the abdomen is demanding in terms of time, skill and resources. Any modification of existing techniques that will lessen these demands will be of benefit at surgery in forward areas in war. A previous paper (1) compared a method of small bowel anastomosis using disposable skin staplers with a two-layer handsewn anastomosis using fresh pig ileum. The stapled method was both significantly faster to perform and mechanically superior. In two further studies on a total of 12 pigs the stapled method has been compared with a single-layer and a double-layer handsewn small bowel anastomosis. All 12 pigs recovered from laparotomy without complication. Construction times were recorded. The quality of healing of the anastomoses was assessed by clinical observation, post-mortem and histological examination, and tensiometry. The skill required to perform the stapled anastomoses was estimated subjectively. The stapled technique was consistently faster than the handsewn methods. A Kolmogorov two-sample test showed an improvement in times when comparing the stapled method with the single layer, with a significance of P = 0.05. An improvement was also seen when the stapled method was compared with the double layer, with a significance of P = 0.01. There was no statistically significant difference between the construction times for the two handsewn methods. There was no evidence of anastomotic failure or haematoma at post-mortem and no adverse reaction to the metal staples. No features were identified on histology to indicate impaired healing with the stapled method. Tensiometry of the anastomoses showed that the stapled anastomosis is as mechanically reliable as the handsewn anastomosis. The level of skill required to perform the stapled anastomosisis judged to be within the capabilities of relatively junior surgeons once the technique has been mastered in an anastomosis workshop.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1991

Compilation of DNA sequences of Escherichia coli (update 1991).

We have compiled the DNA sequence data for E. coli available from the GENBANK and EMBL data libraries and over a period of several years independently from the literature. This is the third listing replacing and increasing the former listing roughly by one fifth. However, in order to save space this printed version contains DNA sequence information only. The complete compilation is now available in machine readable form from the EMBL data library (ECD release 6). After deletion of all detected overlaps a total of 1 492,282 individual bp is found to be determined till the beginning of 1991. This corresponds to a total of 31.62% of the entire E. coli chromosome consisting of about 4,720 kbp. This number may actually be higher by some extra 2.5% derived from lysogenic bacteriophage lambda and various DNA sequences already received for statistical purposes only.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Enumeration of bacteria in clinically significant blood cultures in neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients using a pour plate method.

A 3-year review of clinically significant positive blood cultures was undertaken to assess any differences in the blood bacterial count between haematological neutropenic and other non-neutropenic patients. The pour-plate method was used. In Gram-positive infections the pour plate contained colonies in 61% of haematological patients and in 41% of others. In Gram-negative infection the figures were 54% and 25% respectively. The mean numbers of bacteria per ml of blood were increased in haematological patients compared with the others for both groups of organisms.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1991

The prediction of steady-state plasma phenobarbitone concentrations (following low-dose phenobarbitone) to refine its use as an indicator of compliance.

1. A model for predicting the steady-state plasma concentration of phenobarbitone following low-dose phenobarbitone used as an indicator of compliance was derived using data for 10 healthy volunteers. 2. Each volunteer was given a single 30 mg oral dose of phenobarbitone and the pharmacokinetics were described. Subsequently, volunteers were given phenobarbitone 2 mg daily for 28 days and a further pharmacokinetic profile determined during and after this period. 3. An initial predicted estimate of steady-state plasma drug concentration was made using each volunteer's demographic details. This estimate was revised by Bayesian analysis using single timed samples (24, 48, 72 or 96 h) following the single dose. 4. The model was tested on a further 10 healthy volunteers given a single 8 mg dose and who were subsequently given 2 mg daily for 28 days. 5. The revised estimate of peak steady-state plasma phenobarbitone concentration utilising the 96 h post-single dose concentration (356 ng ml-1) was least biased (mean prediction error +/- 95% CI = 10.6 +/- 19.8 ng ml-1) and most precise (root mean square error +/- 95% CI = 28.3 +/- 19.0 ng ml-1). In all cases the peak or trough steady-state drug concentration was within 13% of the predicted value. 6. The model reflected compliance accurately in a further eight volunteers with simulated partial (two-thirds) compliance. 7. The use of a predictive model using Bayesian analysis to estimate expected steady-state plasma phenobarbitone concentrations could increase further the usefulness of low-dose phenobarbitone as an indicator of compliance.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Electron microscopy of rat lung following a single acute exposure to perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB). A sequential study of the first 24 hours following exposure.

The histopathology of rat lung has been studied after an acute exposure to perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) at a concentration of 638 mg/m3 (78 p.p.m.) for 1.5 min giving a Ct = 957 mg min/m3 for the first 24 h following exposure. Within 5 min of exposure changes to the bronchioles and peribronchial alveoli were observed which took the form of alterations to cilial structure, increased pinocytosis and electron lucency, with occasional vesicle formation of type I alveolar epithelial cells. Intercellular leakage with minimal fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces was also seen. The very rapid action of PFIB strongly suggests a direct action by the compound. There then followed the gradual development of pulmonary oedema which was visible histologically 2-3 h post exposure with deaths occurring from 7 h onwards. Animals sacrificed at 24 h post exposure showed evidence of widespread pulmonary oedema and alveolar interstitial infiltration by lympho-mononuclear cells and macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Cooperativity mutants of the gamma delta resolvase identify an essential interdimer interaction.

gamma delta resolvase, a transposon-encoded site-specific recombinase, catalyzes the resolution of the cointegrate intermediate of gamma delta transposition. The recombination reaction involves the formation of a catalytic nucleoprotein complex whose structure is determined by specific protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. We have isolated many resolvase mutants and have identified four that are unable to mediate a subclass of higher order protein-protein interactions necessary for recombination. This mutant phenotype is characterized by an inability to catalyze recombination, a loss of cooperative binding to res DNA, and a failure to induce looping out of the DNA between two resolvase binding sites within res. The amino acid side chains identified by the cooperativity mutants cluster on a surface of the protein that mediates an interaction between resolvase dimers in a crystallographic tetramer. We have therefore identified a region of resolvase that mediates an interdimer protein-protein interaction necessary for the formation of the recombinogenic synaptic intermediate.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

New services of the EMBL Data Library.

The existing services of the EMBL Data Library for external users have been improved and extended in several ways. The EMBL File Server has been reorganised, and many new databases and other information relevant to biologists are now accessible via global computer networks. A broad range of software for molecular biology is freely available for different popular computer systems, including the EMBL enhancements to the Wisconsin (GCG) Package. The new Mail-Quicksearch and Mail-FastA services give access to the latest sequence data for database searches by ordinary electronic mail.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Compilation of DNA sequences of Escherichia coli (update 1990).

We have compiled the DNA sequence data for E.coli available from the GENBANK and EMBL data libraries and over a period of several years independently from the literature. This is the second listing replacing and increasing the former listing roughly by one third. After deletion of all detected overlaps a total of 1 248 696 individual bp is found to be determined till the beginning of 1990. This corresponds to a total of 26.46% of the entire E. coli chromosome consisting of about 4,720 kbp. This number may actually be higher by some extra 2% derived from the sequence of lysogenic bacteriophage lambda and various insertion sequences. This compilation is now available in machine readable form from the EMBL data library.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

The effect of SCH 23390 against toxic doses of cocaine, d-amphetamine and methamphetamine.

The effect of SCH 23390, a dopamine-one (D1) antagonist, in preventing acute toxicity induced by lethal doses of cocaine, d-amphetamine, and methamphetamine was studied in the rat. Animals were first pretreated with SCH 23390 (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and then were challenged with cocaine (70 mg/kg, i.p., an LD85), d-amphetamine (75 mg/kg, i.p., an LD95), and methamphetamine (100 mg/kg, i.p., an LD90). SCH 23390 did not alter the incidence of stimulant-induced seizures compared to the vehicle controls. Significant protection against cocaine-induced death was afforded only by the lowest dose of SCH 23390 tested. Significant protection against d-amphetamine-induced death was provided by all doses, with a dose dependent effect noted so that the incidence decreased from 95% for vehicle to 30% (p less than or equal to 0.01) with 2.5 mg/kg SCH 23390 pretreatment. No statistically significant reduction in the incidence of methamphetamine-induced death was seen with SCH 23390 pretreatment. The ability of SCH 23390 to protect against d-amphetamine, but apparently not against methamphetamine-induced death, suggests that different mechanisms of toxicity may exist between these drugs at high doses.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Antagonism of cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine toxicity.

The effect of diazepam, haloperidol, MK-801, and propranolol in antagonizing behavioral symptoms induced by lethal doses of cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine were studied in a rat model. Animals were first pretreated IP with potential antagonists, diazepam (2, 5, and 10 mg/kg), haloperidol (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), propranolol (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), MK-801 (0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 mg/kg), and then were challenged IP with cocaine (70 mg/kg) (LD85), d-amphetamine (75 mg/kg) (LD100), and methamphetamine (100 mg/kg) (LD90). Diazepam, at all doses, provided significant protection against cocaine- (p less than or equal to 0.01) and methamphetamine- (p less than or equal to 0.05) induced seizures and produced a dose-dependent effect against amphetamine-induced seizures. MK-801, at all doses, reduced seizures in all groups (p less than or equal to 0.01). Propranolol altered the incidence of methamphetamine-induced seizures. Significant protection against cocaine-induced death was afforded by diazepam (p less than or equal to 0.01) and propranolol (p less than or equal to 0.05). Significant protection against amphetamine-induced death was provided by haloperidol (all doses, p less than or equal to 0.1), MK-801 (all doses, p less than or equal to 0.1), and propranolol (10 and 20 mg/kg, p less than or equal to 0.1). No agent reduced the incidence of methamphetamine- (50 or 100 mg/kg) induced death. The failure of d-amphetamine antagonists to protect against methamphetamine-induced toxicity and death suggest that different mechanisms of toxicity may exist between these drugs.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1990

Protection against d-amphetamine toxicity.

The efficacy of diazepam, haloperidol, propranolol, and yohimbine in antagonizing the toxic manifestations of d-amphetamine were studied in rats. In the control group of animals given 75 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) d-amphetamine, 95% developed seizures, and 100% died in mean times of 12.6 +/- 1.0 and 50.1 +/- 5.9 minutes, respectively. Significant protection against d-amphetamine-induced death was afforded by pretreatment with haloperidol (1.0 to 20.0 mg/kg) or propranolol (20.0 to 30.0 mg/kg). Diazepam (5.0 to 10.0 mg/kg) significantly reduced the incidence of clinically overt seizures but offered no protection against death. Yohimbine (2.5 to 10.0 mg/kg) was ineffective in preventing either seizures or death. When haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg) was administered in combination with diazepam (2.0 mg/kg), the incidence of death was no different than if haloperidol were given alone. In combination, haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg) and propranolol (10.0 mg/kg) reduced death more than either agent alone. These data support a protective role of haloperidol or propranolol in the treatment of d-amphetamine intoxication and show no protection with diazepam or yohimbine.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Automated DNA sequencing of the human HPRT locus.

The complete sequence of 57 kb of the human HPRT locus has been determined using automated fluorescent DNA sequencing. The strategy employed increasingly directed sequencing methods: A randomly generated M13 library was sequenced to generate contiguous overlapping sets of sequences (contigs). M13 clones at the ends of these contigs were further sequenced using M13 (universal and reverse) and custom oligonucleotide primers to order the contigs and to complete the sequencing project. The human HPRT sequence includes 1676 bp 5' and 15,238 bp 3' to exons 1 and 9, respectively. The sequence contains 49 representatives of the Alu repeat, along with several other types of repetitive sequences. The Alu sequences exhibit a biased orientation, with those sequences in the first half of the locus oriented in the minus direction relative to transcription of the gene (3'----5' = 77%, P less than 0.005) and those sequences in the latter half of the locus oriented randomly (5'----3' = 67%, P less than 0.5). The development and performance of the sequencing strategy and the features of the human HPRT gene are presented.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of the efficacy of dimercapto chelating agents for the treatment of systemic organic arsenic poisoning in rabbits.

1 The standard drug for the treatment of arsenic poisoning is BAL (dimercaprol). BAL possesses marked side-effects and a low safety ratio, drawbacks which new BAL analogues, DMPS and DMSA, do not possess. 2 The efficacy of three chelating agents, BAL, DMPS and DMSA, has been evaluated as a treatment for systemic organic arsenic poisoning, induced by intravenous dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine (lewisite) administration to rabbits. Equimolar dosing schedules were used based upon realistic doses for the most toxic agent, BAL. 3 It was concluded that all three dimercapto chelating agents provided significant protection against the lethal systemic effects of lewisite, and, under the test conditions reported here, there was no significant difference between them in therapeutic efficacy. 4 The cause of mortality following intravenous lewisite in treated and untreated rabbits was pulmonary damage. 5 It is considered that DMPS and DMSA are worthy of further study as replacements for BAL in the treatment of systemic poisoning by lewisite.

Animals↗