Mania in children.
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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
Biomedical subjects
P Robaey
Publications and source records attributed to P Robaey.
A comparative study of ERP correlates of psychometric and Piagetian intelligence measures in normal and hyperactive children.
Verbal and performance scores of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R 1981) and of a Piagetian battery, the Cognitive Development Scale for Children (EDC 1984), were obtained on 30 normal control and 19 hyperactive 6-8-year-old children. Amplitudes and latencies of a fronto-central P250 and of the parieto-occipital N250, P350 and P500 were measured concurrently in 4 categorization tasks derived from tests of the WISC-R and EDC batteries. Spearman correlations were computed between the intelligence and the ERP factor scores. Results showed that age-related and age-corrected Wechsler's scores were correlated with similar ERP changes (reduced amplitude, decreased latency). With regard to the amplitude changes, each type of intelligence was associated with a specific ERP pattern. The verbal scores were correlated with the P350 and the P500 amplitudes, and the performance scores with the frontal P250 and occipital N250 amplitudes. By contrast, Piagetian development and intelligence scores yielded ERP correlates in the opposite direction: P500 amplitude was negatively correlated with raw EDC scores, but positively with scaled EDC scores. In addition, Piagetian intelligence was not related to the general peak latency decrease with age. In hyperactive children, additional negative correlations were found between P250 amplitude and the subjects' verbal test scores. Correlations with some performance tests that were negative in normal controls, were positive in hyperactive children. In addition, latency-based correlations found in normal controls were lacking in hyperactive children. These findings provide strong evidence that intelligence comprises different components related to different subsets of cognitive processes, as indexed by different ERP waves. They also suggest that the development and intelligence do not always rely on the same changes, and that intelligence forms may not be referred to the same use of the same processes in hyperactive and normal children.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
ERP changes with intelligence and development in children.
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Adolescent↗
[Experimental principles of hyperactive behavior in children].
Neurophysiological studies have demonstrated that processing of information is defective in hyperactive children. Converging lines of evidence suggest that both perception and attention are normal in these patients. In contrast, there are alterations in motor processes and in the regulation of energy resources used for motor output. The clinical and therapeutic implications of clinical research data are discussed.
Attention↗
An event-related potential study of controlled and automatic processes in 6-8-year-old boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 2 groups (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal control) of 12 boys aged from 6 to 8 years. Subjects were submitted to 2 different types of categorization tasks (with rare targets and frequent standards) implying either the use of a verbal class or that of an ordered series. Each type of task was performed twice, the first with reading and the second without. Amplitudes and latencies of a fronto-central N150-P250 complex, a parieto-occipital N250-P350 complex and a parieto-occipital P500 were measured. Regardless of the task, hyperactive children showed larger fronto-central P250, larger parieto-occipital N250 and smaller parieto-occipital P350s and P500s; moreover, the latencies of their parieto-occipital P350s were shortened. When the categorization depended on the use of a verbal class, ERP reading effects were significantly smaller in hyperactives than in normal controls for the parieto-occipital waves only. Alternatively, the target effects were significantly larger in hyperactive children but for the fronto-central P250 only. These results suggest that in ADHD automatic processes were enhanced when higher-order controlled processes were inadequate.
Aging↗
ERP study of the development of the holistic and analytic modes of processing between 6 and 8 years.
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded (01, 02, Fcz, Cpz leads) from 32 normal children aged from 6 to 8 years during a categorisation task performed with 4 types of stimuli that allowed for a holistic and/or an analytic development to modify information processing according to the child's age. Whatever age, derivation or stimulus, the individual ERPs showed a large negative N2 wave (mean latency: 230 ms) made up of two widely overlapping components. In order to separate these components, an initial principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the waveforms; this PCA provided a principal component that accounted for the amplitude difference between the first negative peak of the N2 wave (180 ms after stimulus onset) and the subsequent slope change. A second PCA was then carried out on the corresponding individual component scores; this second PCA provided two factors according to whether the stimuli were holistically or analytically processed. Regarding the pre- and post-vertex data (Fcz and Cpz), these two factors accounted for the same ERP effect for the 6-year-old children but opposite effects after the age of seven. We interpreted this change as reflecting the differentiation of specific - holistic and analytic - modes of processing from a non-specific mode after the establishment of the concrete operation period.
Brain↗
[Cerebral evoked potentials and conscious and unconscious recognition of faces: application to the study of prosopagnosia].
Twelve normal subjects and a prosopagnosic patient were tested in a classification task of a random display of well-known among unknown faces. Each face was presented several times. Event-related potentials (ERP) and reaction time (RT) were studied as a function of face repetition and familiarity. For normal subjects, the greater the repetition level, the more positive ERPs were on both hemispheres: between 250 and 600 msec. Moreover, the familiarity of faces modified ERPs between 350 and 600 msec. In contrast for the patient, the greater the repetition, the more negative the ERPs were. This "negative effect" was maximum on right parieto-temporal leads and was longer for unrecognized well-known than for unknown faces. These results support a differential processing of faces as a function of their memory representations for both normal subjects and patients. They further demonstrate the existence of covert face recognition processes in prosopagnosia.
Adult↗
[Contribution of endogenous potentials to the study of cognitive development in children: review of the literature].
A review of the studies concerning age-related changes of the cognitive event-related potentials is presented. Graded changes (with little or no difference in waveform morphology but shifts in component latency or amplitude) draw to continuous developmental models, but morphological waveform differences are assumed to reflect fundamental differences in modes of cognitive processing. The authors equally present an experimental paradigm indicating that a multifactorial model of amplitude variations is able to reflect the passing from one cognitive stage to the next one, according to Piaget's theory.
Child↗
[Maturation of late visual potentials linked to cognitive processes in the normal child].
In 21 normal children in age ranging from 6 to 9 years, endogenous P300 components were recorded on vertex and occipital areas. The ERPs were provoked by error detections in various tasks of visual discrimination involving cognitive abilities of the subjects. The data reveal an obvious influence of the age according to the number of the detected P300 and the correlations between presence and/or absence of the vertex and occipital responses. The limit of 7 years of age seemed important for the maturation of the P300 system.
Aging↗
[Gabrielle or the story of a noise. "Mother-child" hospitalization in a case of breath holding spell].
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Apnea↗