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Biomedical subjects

P Rodenhauser

Publications and source records attributed to P Rodenhauser.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effects of stress and social phobia on medical students' specialty choices.

As a consequence of stress in medical school, the careers of students with social phobia might be significantly influenced by behaviors and decisions based on avoidance of stressful situations. In 1985 third- and fourth-year students at Wright State University School of Medicine were asked to rate specialties as most and least stressful, to indicate whether they considered stress to be favorable or unfavorable, and to complete instruments measuring their stress and social phobia. Contrary to the investigators' expectations, there was no significant association among high stress, social phobia, and choice of least stressful specialties. Certain students who indicated that stress was unfavorable nevertheless chose high-stress specialties. Implications of these findings are discussed, and the findings are compared with outcomes of related studies.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Relationships between legal and clinical factors among forensic hospital patients.

Recognizing that established relationships enhance understanding and therefore improve clinical intuition and inference, the authors examined clinical and legal characteristics of a legally and clinically heterogeneous population of maximum security forensic hospital patients (n = 380). Several findings serve to substantiate outcomes of previous studies of subgroups of offenders. Some new relationships among legal and clinical variables are established. The relationship between admission legal status and Axis I diagnosis is dependent upon the Axis II diagnosis. Those admitted for competency evaluations have the lowest percentage of psychotic diagnoses and the highest IQ. Kidnapers have the highest percentage of psychotic diagnoses and there is a relationship between previous incarceration and drug treatment refusal. The authors discuss clinical implications, generalizability, and the needs for further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Rehabilitation programs for myocardial infarction patients: a national survey.

Considering the evidence in support of the importance of psychologic and social factors in the recovery of myocardial infarction (MI) patients, the authors studied the nationwide prevalence of psychosocial rehabilitation programs for MI patients. Findings from a survey of U. S. hospitals with coronary care units (n = 1628) included widespread involvement of patients and families in inpatient programs, approximately half as many continuing in outpatient programs, limited use of group counseling, and multidisciplinary staffing but counseling by nurses and social workers primarily. The clinical and economic benefits of group-oriented psychosocial rehabilitation programs are discussed. The authors encourage more psychologically informed intervention in the various parts of the patient's life-space and more use of groups.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Factors related to drug treatment refusal in a forensic hospital.

Using the hospital records of 421 patients in a maximum-security forensic hospital, the authors explored the relationship between clinical factors and patients' receptiveness to or refusal of drug treatment. They found drug treatment refusal to be significantly related to a psychotic diagnosis in the absence of a personality disorder; in contrast, psychotic patients with personality disorders tended to be relatively compliant with drug treatment. Treatment refusers had significantly longer lengths of hospitalization that were not reduced by receipt of medication. Significant relationships were also found between treatment refusal and involuntary medication, use of restraints, and greater number of previous hospitalizations; between reasons for refusal and involuntary medication; and between history of substance abuse and previous incarceration.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Psychiatric training for primary care residents: proposed standards.

Most of the nation's psychiatric care is provided by primary care physicians, and this trend is expected to continue. Primary care physicians see themselves as poorly trained in psychiatry, and evidence supports a high incidence of missed diagnosis and inadequate or inappropriate treatment. In addition, poor training may underlie the indifference to psychiatric problems often demonstrated by primary physicians. The Ohio Psychiatric Association Foundation has designated an annual award to be given to the primary care program which provides the best psychiatric training in the state, and the psychiatric training directors met to develop criteria for selecting the recipients. The resulting standards emphasize the importance of training which is relevant to a medical care setting, provided by psychiatrists, and supportive of the integration of psychiatric methods into medical care.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1986

Alexithymia and handedness. A pilot study.

Exploration of the connection between alexithymia and handedness has not been addressed in the literature. Although trends which have been reported between alexithymia and characteristics of individuals may vary with the methods of assessment and types of population, the possible relationships between alexithymia and males and between left-handedness and males raise questions about the relationship between alexithymia and handedness. This pilot study (n = 100) indicates a higher incidence of alexithymia in individuals who are not right-handed. The possible influence of left hemisphere development on the occurrence of alexithymia is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Development of an Analog Alexithymia Scale. Testing in a nonpatient population.

The present study describes a new self-administered Analog Alexithymia Scale (AAS). A nonpatient sample representing a broad range of ages and socioeconomic groups was used. Scores were normally distributed with 6.8% of subjects in the alexithymic range. Retest reliability was encouraging. The correlation between the AAS and the Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale was low. Validity has not been established for either test. Factor analyses suggest distinct clinical components, the differentiation of which might facilitate understanding of the psychologic and neurophysiologic underpinnings of alexithymia. There is a need for a clinical standard for validating self-administered scales.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1986

Lasting rights and last rites: a case report.

The contrast between legal and clinical perceptions of reality, characterized as discrete versus continuous in nature, generates dilemmas for both professions. Individuals in conflict with either system are especially vulnerable to the philosophical serrations at the interface between psychiatry and the law. A case example, which serves to magnify the gripping impact of these diverse and powerful institutions, raises various issues for examination and discussion.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Management of forensic psychiatry patients who refuse medication--two scenarios.

An Ohio federal court set Wyatt-type standards for treatment rights of forensic psychiatry patients and ordered legal due process-type hospital hearings to protect patients from what the court considers harmful clinical practices. Experience with this legal method for management of patients who refuse medication is examined for its impact on staff and patient care. Under legal pressure Ohio has built new regional forensic psychiatry hospitals. In one, spurred by legal activism, the prevalence of patients refusing medication has become pandemic. In its typical 16-bed ward, when 2 or more patients refuse medication, danger escalates rapidly for patients and staff. The method adopted to manage these situations is to assess the emergency of danger to patient or others, and if warranted to administer medication despite objections. This emergency management is dramatic in improving patient behavior and defusing milieu tensions. The psychiatrist ordering emergency management, however, faces challenges from several quarters--patient advocates, outside patients' rights legal advocates, and the commissioner of mental health. The clinically managed process contrasts markedly also with the legally imposed one in its impact on the personal and professional integrity of the responsible psychiatrist. Both scenarios illustrate the task yet remaining--integration of the clinical and legal concerns into a multisystem resolution of diverse interests, values, ethics, and rights.

Behavior Control↗