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Biomedical subjects

P Rose

Publications and source records attributed to P Rose.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Reaction time and movement time in children with a Developmental Coordination Disorder.

The Test of Motor Impairment (TOMI) was used to select 12 children with a Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and 12 age-matched controls. In an aiming task, movement latency, movement duration and its variability were significantly prolonged in the DCD group. In a coincidence timing version of the task, absolute timing error was significantly greater in the DCD group. The most robust chronometric effect for differentiating the two groups seemed to be the duration of movement when the target was small. Multiple regression showed that TOMI was a powerful indicator of movement duration.

Child↗
PubMed1992

[Endometriosis and diaphragmatic defect in catamenial pneumothorax].

Two cases of catamenial pneumothorax are reported, a rare condition characterized by its sudden occurrence in a female patient between the ages of 30 and 40 years, always at the onset of the menstrual cycle. Its exact origin is unknown, but the frequent co-existence of endometriosis and a defect in the diaphragm suggests that endometriosis may be important in the etiology both of the pneumothorax and the diaphragmatic lesion. Pelvic endometriosis was present in both our patients, one of whom also had diaphragmatic endometriosis. The treatment of the pneumothorax in both our cases consisted of pleural decortication with excellent results so far.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Specificity of lymphocytotoxic autoantibodies (LCAbs) found in the serum of leprosy patients: class I MHC antigens.

Lymphocytotoxic autoantibodies (LCAbs) of the IgM class have been identified in patients with borderline tuberculoid (BT) and borderline lepromatous (BL) leprosy with Type I reactions (I) as well as lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients with erythema nodosum leprosum reactions (ENL). The observation that lymphocytotoxic activity (LCA) was reduced in the presence of platelets led us to determine whether LCAbs had specificities for Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) determinants. Absorption of LCA positive sera with platelets, classically used to deplete Class I specific lymphocytotoxic antibodies, reduced LCA towards autologous as well as allogeneic target cells. This was true for LCA positive sera from all patient classifications (group BT in the autologous system, p less than 0.01; in all other patient groups, p less than 0.001). Introducing B-2m to cytotoxicity assays only marginally reduced LCA when added at high concentrations (5 mg/ml). An anti-Class I MHC antiserum which blocked the lytic activity. The data indicate that LCAbs while absorbed by platelets, are not specific for the Class I MHC antigens. The autoantigen recognized by these autoantibodies therefore remains to be identified.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1990

Carbohydrate supercompensation and muscle glycogen utilization during exhaustive running in highly trained athletes.

Three female and three male highly trained endurance runners with mean maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) values of 60.5 and 71.5 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively, ran to exhaustion at 75%-80% of VO2max on two occasions after an overnight fast. One experiment was performed after a normal diet and training regimen (Norm), the other after a diet and training programme intended to increase muscle glycogen levels (Carb). Muscle glycogen concentration in the gastrocnemius muscle increased by 25% (P less than 0.05) from 581 mmol.kg-1 dry weight, SEM 50 to 722 mmol.kg-1 dry weight, SEM 34 after Carb. Running time to exhaustion, however, was not significantly different in Carb and Norm, 77 min, SEM 13 vs 70 min, SEM 8, respectively. The average glycogen concentration following exhaustive running was 553 mmol.kg-1 dry weight, SEM 70 in Carb and 434 mmol.kg-1 dry weight, SEM 57 in Norm, indicating that in both tests muscle glycogen stores were decreased by about 25%. Periodic acid-Schiff staining for semi-quantitative glycogen determination in individual fibres confirmed that none of the fibres appeared to be glycogen-empty after exhaustive running. The steady-state respiratory exchange ratio was higher in Carb than in Norm (0.92, SEM 0.01 vs 0.89, SEM 0.01; P less than 0.05). Since muscle glycogen utilization was identical in the two tests, the indication of higher utilization of total carbohydrate appears to be related to a higher utilization of liver glycogen. We have concluded that glycogen depletion of the gastrocnemius muscle is unlikely to be the cause of fatigue during exhaustive running at 75%-80% of VO2max in highly trained endurance runners. Furthermore, diet- and training-induced carbohydrate super-compensation does not appear to improve endurance capacity in such individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Premarital violence: the impact of family of origin violence, stress, and reciprocity.

Four hundred and fifty-four premarital undergraduates reported their stress and observation and experience of violence in their families of origin. They also reported the violence they have expressed and received in adult love relationships. Among females 53% to 71% of the variance in their expression and receipt of violence was accounted for by their own receipt and expression of violence (respectively) and by their having been abused as a child. This suggests that what they do is closely related to what is done to them. In contrast, among males less than 1% to 10% of the variance in their expression and receipt of violence was accounted for by the same variables. Neither negative stress ratings or the observation of violence were important explanatory variables. Surprisingly, positive stress contributed to males expressing violence.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Factors contributing to the accelerated clearance of theophylline and antipyrine in adults with exocrine pancreatic disease.

1. Oxidative drug metabolizing capacity has been assessed by oral antipyrine and/or theophylline tests in consecutive patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP; alcoholic 24, idiopathic 47), acute pancreatitis (AP; 28) and pancreatic cancer (CA; 11). Most of the patients had drastically reduced their alcohol consumption and dietary fat intake for variable periods before the tests. Excellent bioavailability of theophylline was confirmed from paired oral and intravenous tests in seven subjects, including two with exocrine pancreatic failure. 2. The clearance of theophylline in the patients was faster than in 15 controls with a 'healthy lifestyle' [median 104 (range 18-320) ml h-1 kg-1 vs median 68 (range 50-97) ml h-1 kg-1, P less than 0.01]. The difference was especially apparent in the groups with alcoholic CP (P less than 0.001 and idiopathic CP (P less than 0.01), but not in the AP and CA group as a whole, although drug clearance in some 50% of those cases exceeded the reference range. 3. There was good correlation between theophylline and antipyrine clearance in a subset of 91 subjects who had both tests (15 controls, 76 patients), but antipyrine was much less sensitive as a marker of enzyme induction. This suggests that enzyme induction in pancreatic disease preferentially involves the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible subfamily of cytochrome P-450. 4. The lack of correlation between pancreatic secretory capacity in 56 cases, judged by a secretin-pancreozymin test, and theophylline clearance suggests that enzyme induction is not secondary to pancreatic dysfunction. 5. Multivariate regression analysis identified approximately 50% of variability in clearance of each probe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Serum lymphocytotoxic activity in leprosy.

Sera from 167 patients across the spectrum of leprosy and 46 endemic controls were screened for lymphocytotoxic activity (LCA). The Terasaki microdroplet lymphocytotoxicity assay was performed at 37 degrees C and 15 degrees C to test sera for LCA against a panel of lymphocytes from 50 donors which represented most known HLA-ABC antigens. Raised complement-dependent LCA at 15 degrees C was seen in leprosy patients with histories of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) or reversal/Type I (I) reactions. Eighty-six per cent of lepromatous (LL) patients with a history of ENL (n = 21, P less than 0.001), 83% of borderline lepromatous (BL) and 88% of borderline tuberculoid patients (BT) with a history of Type I reactions (n = 12, P less than 0.01 and n = 24, P less than 0.001 respectively) had LCA compared to 39% of endemic controls (n = 46). LCA was attributed to IgM on the basis of reduced activity when serum was treated with both dithiothreitol or absorbed with antiserum for IgM. Removal of immune complexes and rheumatoid factor did not influence LCA. LCA-positive sera reacted similarly with allogeneic lymphocytes from either healthy donors or leprosy patients. Moreover LCA-positive sera reacted with autologous lymphocytes. Specificities for HLA-ABC antigens were not identified. The potential role of these autoantibodies, manifested in leprosy patients with hypersensitivity reactions remains speculative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Long term follow-up of bone mineral status in children with renal disease.

Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by photon absorptiometry in the non-dominant forearm of children with chronic renal failure followed for a total of 2472 months. From 48 children, 302 measurements were made, and changes which occurred in BMC over time were correlated with several factors. Patients were divided into those who had received glucocorticoids (group 1) and those who had not (group 2). Group 1 patients had a lower mean serum creatinine (Cr) (p less than 0.05), a lower growth velocity (p greater than 0.02) and were more demineralized than group 2 patients. There was no correlation between BMC and height velocity or estimated creatinine clearance. BMC and height Z-score (SDS) were highly correlated. Over the period of study, group 1 patients remained shorter, had a lower height velocity, a lower BMC Z-score and a lower BMC for each serum creatinine level. Long-term therapeutic intervention with oral 1,25(OH)2D improved bone mineral status in three children in the nonsteroid group, but none of those in the steroid group. This study demonstrates that steroid administration is probably the most important factor causing bone demineralization, possibly even more important than renal failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia with anti-D (Rho) immunoglobulin: its effectiveness, safety and mechanism of action.

Twenty-three courses of i.v. anti-D (Rho) immunoglobulin were administered to 13 Rh D-positive patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP). Clinically significant responses were seen in a proportion of patients treated with 500-2500 i.u. anti-D, but all those treated with 12,500 i.u. (180 i.u./kg) responded. Patients refractory to other forms of treatment responded well to anti-D, and previous splenectomy did not influence the clinical response. No adverse reactions were observed. The anti-D response was preceded by a lag period of 3-16 days and was maintained for 14-145 days. Platelet-associated IgG was increased after treatment, due to improved survival of immunosensitized platelets or platelet Fc receptor binding of high molecular weight IgG in the therapeutic material. There was no clinical or biochemical evidence of haemolysis. The erythrocyte direct Coombs' test remained positive for 3-45 days, and histological examination of splenic material showed no erythrophagocytosis. We conclude that anti-D (Rho) immunoglobulin is a safe and effective treatment for chronic ITP and that the therapeutic dose is now established in standardized units. The mechanism of action appears to be complex and is probably not due to macrophage Fc receptor blockade with immunosensitized red cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Paracoccidioidin sensitization in Guyana--a preliminary skin test survey in hospitalized patients and laboratory workers.

Thirty-one percent of a group of 49 hospitalized patients or laboratory workers in Guyana showed positive intradermal paracoccidioidin tests in the presence of negative histoplasmin reactions. In 2 patients (4%), the intradermal reactions to paracoccidioidin were greater than 10 mm in diameter. The prevalence of positive reactors in a selected population suggests that paracoccidioidomycosis may be endemic in Guyana although no clinical case has been reported from the country. A further survey in a larger, unselected population would lead to a clearer understanding of the problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Assessment of the immune deficit in leprosy patients and the effect of recombinant IL-2 in vitro.

Although the mechanism of immunologic unresponsiveness in lepromatous leprosy remains unknown, it has been shown that interleukin-2 (IL-2) production is defective in these patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from treated (less than 16 months) and untreated leprosy patients as well as household contacts; age, sex, ethnically matched control subjects; and laboratory staff. PBMC were cultured for 6 days with sonicated Mycobacterium leprae (1-10 micrograms/ml), Dharmendra lepromin (1:10), or phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) (0.05-5.0 micrograms/ml) in medium supplemented with various concentrations of recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) or cultured for 3 days with one of the three mycobacterial antigens in the presence of concanavalin A (ConA). TT/BT patients and household control subjects had a robust response to M. leprae and lepromin, but were unresponsive to PGL-I delivered in liposomes. PBMC from LL patients did not respond to any of the three antigen preparations. rIL-2 induced proliferation of PBMC both in leprosy patients and control subjects regardless of the presence or absence of the three leprosy antigen preparations. This antigen nonspecific augmentation of proliferation by the wide range of doses of rIL-2 employed makes difficult the interpretation of the enhanced thymidine incorporation noted when rIL-2 is added in the presence of antigen to cultures of lymphocytes from LL patients. Our studies are at variance with reports that leprosy antigens, specifically PGL-I, induce immunological suppression, in that mycobacterial antigens did not cause significant suppression of the ConA-induced proliferations of PBMC from patients.

Adolescent↗