PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Rubio

Publications and source records attributed to P Rubio.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Sudden deterioration in nonclassical infantile-onset Pompe disease responding to alglucosidase alfa infusion therapy: a case report.

A patient with atypical infantile Pompe disease suffered acute respiratory insufficiency at the age of 8 years which resulted in complete immobilization and dependence on assisted ventilation. Shortly after initiation of enzyme replacement therapy, she regained her mobility and, after 20 months of treatment, she now leads an almost normal life with limited restrictions.

Child↗
PubMed2005

[Anesthetic management for thoracoscopic repair of type I esophageal atresia with continuous-flow single-lung ventilation].

We describe a continuous flow mode of ventilation for repair of type I esophageal atresia in an infant. This type of atresia is defined by distal stenosis of the esophagus with a proximal blind pouch and no connection to the tracheobronchial tree. In traditional repair procedures the surgical approach is by thoracotomy, but newer videoassisted thoracoscopic techniques have introduced novel challenges to ventilatory mechanics in these low-weight infants. The literature contains little discussion of the anesthetic management or respiratory mechanics of these patients. Trying to maintain adequate tidal volume and oxygenation while thoracoscopic maneuvers take place increases the risk of barotrauma. Single-lung ventilation with a continuous flow respirator was effective in the case we report.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2002

Isotype-specific antibody-secreting cells in systemic and mucosal associated lymphoid tissues and antibody responses in serum of conventional pigs inoculated with PEDV.

An enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) has been developed to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-specific antibody secreting cells (ASC) in gut associated lymphoid tissues (duodenum and ileum lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes) and systemic locations (spleen and blood) of conventional pigs so as to characterise the mucosal and systemic antibody response generated by the infection with PEDV. A total number of 28 eleven-day-old conventional pigs were orally inoculated with the field isolate of the PEDV strain CV-777. Diarrhea was observed in 32% of the pigs and virus shedding was demonstrated in 100% between postinoculation day (PID) 1 and 8. Serum IgG and IgA antibodies to PEDV were detected by isotype ELISA from PID 12 and 15, respectively, reaching maximum values at PID 32 (IgG) and 21 (IgA). PEDV specific IgM ASC occurred in all the tissues between PID 4 and 7, with the strongest response in the intestinal lamina propria. IgA and IgG ASC responses were evident in the intestinal lymphoid tissues from PID 21, the highest number of specific ASC corresponded to the duodenum lamina propria. In the systemic lymphoid tissues the number of IgG and IgA ASC detected were lower than in the mucosal tissues, however, in the blood, presence of IgA ASC was constantly detected from PID 14 until the end of the experiment. Memory antibody response to the PEDV was also studied by secondary in vitro stimulation of the mononuclear cells (MNC) isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and blood. The memory B cell response was prominent at PID 21 and 25 and consisted in IgG and IgA ASC. To our knowledge, this is the first report to research into the presence and distribution of specific ASC in different locations of the systemic and the gut associated lymphoid tissues after a PEDV infection as well as the presence of memory B cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Mucosal and systemic isotype-specific antibody responses and protection in conventional pigs exposed to virulent or attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus.

Eleven-day-old conventionally reared piglets were inoculated orally with two different doses of the cell-culture adapted strain CV-777 of the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) or the virulent isolate of the same strain and challenged with the same virulent PEDV 3 weeks later. Pigs inoculated with the two doses of the attenuated virus did not show any typical sign of the disease, and virus shedding was not frequent. In contrast, 31% of pigs exposed to the virulent PEDV developed diarrhoea and virus shedding was demonstrated in 100%. At different postinoculation day (PID) and postchallenge day (PCD) virus-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in gut associated lymphoid tissues (duodenum and ileum lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes) and systemic locations (blood and spleen) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT). Only a small response was detected in the groups inoculated with attenuated PEDV, whereas in the group previously exposed to the virulent virus on PID 21 a large number of IgG and IgA ASC was detected. Isotype-specific antibody responses in serum were investigated by ELISA. IgG responses were detected in all groups, although the highest response corresponded to the group inoculated with virulent virus and only this group showed an IgA response. The pigs exposed to virulent PEDV were completely protected against the challenge with a higher dose of the same virulent virus on PID 21 and none of them shed the virus. The pigs inoculated with the attenuated strain were partially protected against the challenge, and 25% of the low dose- and 50% of the high dose-exposed pigs did not shed virus after challenge. All the pigs from a control group, not previously exposed to the virus, excreted the virus in faeces. A strong positive correlation was established between protection and the ASC responses detected in gut associated lymphoid tissues and blood at the challenge day and also between protection and serum isotype-specific antibody titers on that day. In addition, the IgA and IgG ASC responses detected in the blood on PID 21 also correlated with the responses found in the gut associated lymphoid tissues. The ASC and serum antibody responses after the challenge corresponded to a secondary immune response in the groups inoculated with attenuated virus, whereas a primary response was evident in the control group. No increase was seen in any of the parameters studied in the pigs inoculated with virulent PEDV.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Lymphoproliferative responses and protection in conventional piglets inoculated orally with virulent or attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus.

Lymphocyte proliferative responses were evaluated in mucosal (mesenteric lymph nodes) and systemic (spleen and blood) lymphoid tissues of conventional piglets inoculated with the virulent or attenuated isolates of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) strain CV-777 and challenged 21 days later with the virulent isolate of the same virus. A lymphoproliferative assay was developed in which mononuclear cells isolated from lymphoid tissues at different postinoculation and postchallenge days underwent a secondary in vitro stimulation with semipurified antigen obtained from PEDV-infected cell cultures. Vigorous lymphocyte proliferative responses were detected in the pigs inoculated with the virulent PEDV at postinoculation days 4-21, especially in the mesenteric lymph nodes and the blood; however, in the spleen this response was lower and less regular. The pigs inoculated with the attenuated virus showed a less intense response, the higher lymphocyte proliferation also corresponded to the mononuclear cells from mesenteric lymph nodes. Lymphocyte proliferation responses showed high correlations with protection against homologous challenge with virulent PEDV, and this correlation was higher in the gut associated lymphoid tissues (mesenteric lymph nodes). The cell proliferation response detected in blood mirrored that detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and showed also good correlation with protection. The results confirm that T-cell-helper function, assessed by lymphocyte proliferation responses, contributes to establishing a protective immune response against PEDV infections.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis in Iberian pigs naturally infected with Lawsonia intracellularis.

Intestinal samples and/or lymph nodes of two Iberian pigs from two different farms were submitted for histopathologic examination. Both pigs had proliferation of ileal and/or cecal crypts with almost complete absence of goblet cells. Infection by Lawsonia intracellularis was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction assay. The mesenteric lymph node of one pig had moderate lymphocyte depletion with granulomatous inflammation of the lymph node parenchyma. Histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells from the lymph node of one pig contained L. intracellularis antigen within the cytoplasm. This pig had also porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) infection, but nucleic acid and antigen of this virus were not demonstrated in the lymph node. The second pig had lymphocyte depletion and marked granulomatous inflammation in Peyer's patches. Histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells in areas of granulomatous inflammation contained L. intracellularis antigen; no PCV-2 nucleic acid or antigen was detected in the tissues of this pig. This is the first description of granulomatous ileitis and lymphadenitis associated with L. intracellularis infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Anticonvulsant and neurotoxic effects of intracerebroventricular injection of phenytoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine in an amygdala-kindling model of epilepsy in the rat.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of the intracerebroventricular injection of phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB) and carbamazepine (CBZ) to control seizures in the amygdala kindling model in the rat, and also to determine the associated neurotoxic effects. METHODS: Different doses of PHT (500 and 1250 microl), PB (200, 500 and 1000 microl) and CBZ (200 and 500 microl) were injected intracerebroventricularly into amygdala kindled male Wistar rats. Seizures were induced with a fixed suprathreshold stimulus of 500 microA at times between 15 and 60 min after the injection. Seizure intensity (Racine's scale), latency, seizure duration and afterdischarge duration were measured. Neurotoxicity was tested using ataxia and sedation scales and also using a rotorod. RESULTS: PB was found to be the most powerful anticonvulsant, and both PB and CBZ caused significant reductions in seizure intensity to less than stage 3 with the doses tested. PHT only reduced seizures for the first 15-30 min after application. PB was also the most toxic drug, followed by CBZ and by PHT. Neurotoxicity was acceptable except in the cases of the highest doses during the earliest periods tested. There was no mortality due to the injection of any of the drugs at the doses employed. CONCLUSIONS: The intracerebroventricular route is a feasible way to administer anticonvulsant drugs for seizure control in the kindling model.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1999

A new transfacial approach for lesions of the clivus and parapharyngeal space: the partial segmented Le Fort I osteotomy.

Tumors of the clival and parapharyngeal areas are a challenge because of their location. They used to be considered inaccessible because the aggressive approaches employed caused elevated levels of morbidity. This fact led to more conservative approaches that attempted to preserve the exposure of the lesion. These approaches were a combination of cranial and facial procedures, thus utilizing a combined effort between neurosurgeons and maxillofacial surgeons. We described our experience with a partial segmented Le Fort I osteotomy added to a transmandibular approach to expose a chordoma of the clivus and left parapharyngeal space. A three-dimensional imaging was used as a diagnostic tool and to plan the optimal surgical approach. The operative technique was described in this case study. Some important technical details of the approach are described. The global outcome was favorable.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Maternal exposure to low doses of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol facilitates morphine-induced place conditioning in adult male offspring.

The possible existence of an increased susceptibility to the reinforcing properties of morphine was analyzed in male and female rats born from mothers exposed to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, 1, 5, or 20 mg/kg) during gestation and lactation. Maternal exposure to low doses of THC (1 and 5 mg/kg), relevant for human consumption, resulted in an increased response to the reinforcing effects of a moderate dose of morphine (350 microg/kg), as measured in the place-preference conditioning paradigm (CPP) in the adult male offspring. These animals also displayed an enhanced exploratory behavior in the defensive withdrawal test. However, only females born from mothers exposed to THC 1 mg/kg exhibited a small increment in the place conditioning induced by morphine. The possible implication of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) was analyzed by monitoring plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone in basal and moderate-stress conditions (after the end of the CPP test). Female offspring perinatally exposed to THC (1 or 5 mg/kg) displayed high basal levels of corticosterone and a blunted adrenal response to the HPA-activating effects of the CPP test. However, male offspring born from mothers exposed to THC (1 or 5 mg/kg) displayed the opposite pattern: normal to low basal levels of corticosterone, and a sharp adrenal response to the CPP challenge. The present study reveals that maternal exposure to low doses of THC results in an increased sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of morphine in the adult male offspring, and in sexually dimorphic behavioral and endocrine alterations in the adaptative responses to stressors such as novelty or place-preference testing. These results support the growing evidence of the importance of monitoring the long-term consequences of maternal consumption of cannabis derivatives.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1997

HLA-DQA, -DQB and -DRB allele contribution to narcolepsy susceptibility.

The association of narcolepsy with HLA class I antigens and HLA class II alleles was studies in a series of Spanish narcoleptic patients. The haplotype DRB1*1501-DRB5*0101-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 was found to be significantly associated with the disease, while the haplotype DRB1*0701-DRB4*01-DQA1*0201-DQB1*02 might confer a slight protective effect against narcolepsy. Gene dose-effect was not seen in any of the involved alleles, and linkage disequilibrium between the positively associated alleles was found to be stronger in patients than in controls. Statistical analysis applied to identify the HLA allele truly responsible for the association did not clearly discriminate between the contribution of DRB1*1501 and that of DQB1*0602, but it proved that the association with DQA1*0102 is secondary to that with DRB1*1501/DQB1*0602. Analysis of the diagnostic value of typing for the narcolepsy-associated alleles demonstrated a very high negative predictive value and revealed that this test can be convenient for exclusion of narcolepsy in cases when the diagnosis is not evident after clinical evaluation and the marker haplotype is absent. Finally, a family study indicated that narcolepsy is a multifactorial disorder that involves HLA genes under an incomplete penetrance model, with possible influences from environmental factors or other genes different to HLA genes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Diagnostic difficulties in the narcolepsy-catalepsy syndrome: with reference to our series of cases].

The narcolepsy-cataplexy syndrome is a disorder of unknown aetiology, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness associated with cataplexy and other REM sleep phenomena. Diagnosis is based on the clinical findings, although this may be difficult especially with respect to confirming the cataplexy. Objective tests, such as typing for HLA, DR2DQ1 (DRw15DQw6, WHO90) and above all TMLS (average latency < 5 mn and two or more onsets of sleep in the phases REM and SOREMP's) is of great help. However, the exact diagnostic significance of some aspects of these tests and their parameters is still under discussion. In this paper we review our series of cases consisting of fourteen patients who fulfil the clinical diagnostic criteria required in the ICSD-1990. TMLS and HLA typing was done for all. Of the HLA types, DQ1 was present in all our patients, unlike DR2 which was not found in two patients. Regarding TMLS, the average latency < 5 mn is a parameter met by all cases, although one did not have SOREMP's. The findings of the objective tests done on our patients are in agreement with those described by other authors. They underline the significance of the support they lend to the diagnosis. However, they are not the definite answer to the problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) antagonist [D-Phe12,Nle21,38,C alpha MeLeu37]CRF attenuates the acute actions of the highly potent cannabinoid receptor agonist HU-210 on defensive-withdrawal behavior in rats.

The present study evaluated the modulatory role of central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems in the mediation of the effects of acute exposure to the brain cannabinoid receptor agonist HU-210 [3-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-(-)-11-hydroxy-delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol] on defensive withdrawal behavior in male rats. The apparatus used for the defensive withdrawal test consisted of a small chamber, set on one side of a one-square meter open field. The actions of the potent CRF antagonist [D-Phe12,Nle21,38,C alpha MeLeu37]CRF (D-Phe CRF12-41) were examined on defensive behavior under both novel and familiar conditions. The acute i.c.v. administration of D-Phe CRF12-41 (0.2-5 micrograms/injection) antagonized the defensive behavior response to stressing conditions such as novelty or swim stress in field-habituated animals. The acute i.p. administration of HU-210 (4, 20 and 100 micrograms/kg) produced a clear dose-dependent stress-like effects in field-habituated animals, as reflected in the HU-210-induced increase in both the emergence latency and the mean time spent in the small chamber. The i.c.v. administration of 5 micrograms of D-Phe CRF12-41, 5 min before the administration of the cannabinoid prevented the stressing actions of HU-210 (20 micrograms/kg, but not 100 micrograms/kg). Acute administration of HU-210 also induced a dose-dependent increase in plasma corticosterone levels which was not antagonized by pretreatment with 5 micrograms of D-Phe CRF12-41. The present study suggests a role of central CRF systems in the mediation of the anxiogenic effects of brain cannabinoid receptor agonists. This finding is consistent with a direct hypothalamic effect of cannabinoids on the activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Periodical EEG pattern modifications in herpetic encephalitis treated with acyclovir].

The presence of PLED or localized or lateralized periodic activity in encephalitis strongly suggests that the encephalitis is due to the herpes simplex virus. Nevertheless, there has been controversy over its clinical significance. In addition, since the introduction of antiviral drugs in the treatment of herpes encephalitis in its initial stages, the prognosis of the disease has improved. We studied nine patients all diagnosed as having herpes encephalitis and treated with acyclovir. The presence or absence of periodic activity and its characteristics were analyzed. It was seen that either there was no such activity, or if there was, it was not exactly as classically described.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1995

The dopamine receptor agonist 7-OH-DPAT modulates the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced place preference.

The present study investigated the effects of systemic administration of the putative dopamine D3 receptor agonist 7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced place preference in male Wistar rats. Using a a 3-day schedule of conditioning it was found that 7-OH-DPAT in a broad dose range (0.01, 0.25 and 5.0 mg/kg) did not produce significant place preference. However, the administration of either 0.25 or 5.0 mg/kg of 7-OH-DPAT 15 min prior to the exposure to morphine (1 mg/kg) prevented the acquisition of a morphine place preference, whereas the 0.01 mg/kg dose of the dopamine receptor agonist was uneffective. In addition, when 7-OH-DPAT was acutely administered 15 min prior to the testing session of an already established morphine place preference, the 0.01 mg/kg dose prevented the expression of this conditioned response. This effect was not observed with either 0.25 and 5.0 mg/kg doses of this dopamine D3 receptor agonist. It was suggested that the different dose related effects of 7-OH-DPAT on the acquisition and expression of morphine place preference might be related to the intrinsic ability of this agonist for interacting with pre- and postsynaptic dopamine D3 receptors located in limbic projecting areas of the mesencephalic dopamine system, although involvement of dopamine D2 receptors cannot be excluded. The pattern of effects seen with 7-OH-DPAT suggests that it may be useful for treating opiate dependence and craving.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Behavioural consequences of maternal exposure to natural cannabinoids in rats.

Cannabis sativa preparations (hashish, marijuana) are the most widely used illicit drugs during pregnancy in Western countries. The possible long-term consequences for the child of in utero exposure to cannabis derivatives are still poorly understood. Animal models of perinatal cannabinoid exposure provide a useful tool for examining the developmental effects of cannabinoids. Behavioral consequences of maternal exposure to either cannabis preparations or to its main psychoactive component, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in rat models are reviewed in this paper. Maternal exposure to cannabinoids resulted in alteration in the pattern of ontogeny of spontaneous locomotor and exploratory behavior in the offspring. Adult animals exposed during gestational and lactational periods exhibited persistent alterations in the behavioral response to novelty, social interactions, sexual orientation and sexual behavior. They also showed a lack of habituation and reactivity to different illumination conditions. Adult offspring of both sexes also displayed a characteristic increase in spontaneous and water-induced grooming behavior. Some of the effects were dependent on the sex of the animals being studied, and the dose of cannabinoid administered to the mother during gestational and lactational periods. Maternal exposure to low doses of THC sensitized the adult offspring of both sexes to the reinforcing effects of morphine, as measured in a conditioned place preference paradigm. The existence of sexual dimorphisms on the developmental effects of cannabinoids, the role of sex steroids, glucocorticoids, and pituitary hormones, the possible participation of cortical projecting monoaminergic systems, and the mediation of the recently described cannabinoid receptors are also analyzed. The information obtained in animal studies is compared to the few data available on the long-term behavioral and cognitive effects on in utero exposure to cannabis in humans.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗