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Biomedical subjects

P S Ghalaut

Publications and source records attributed to P S Ghalaut.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Alteration in lipid profile in patients of chronic myeloid leukemia before and after chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder of pleuripotent hematopoietic progenitor cells characterized by excessive proliferation and accumulation of granulocytes and occasionally red blood cells and platelets. METHODS: We examined 30 newly diagnosed and proved cases of CML admitted in medical wards or attending a clinical hematology clinic. In addition to routine hematological investigations, lipid profile was done in all the patients at the time of presentation, 4-6 weeks after the start of chemotherapy and 6 months after the chemotherapy even if some of the patients were not in remission. RESULTS: Total serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations increased significantly after chemotherapy whereas serum triglyceride and VLDL-C cholesterol concentrations did not increase significantly. Also, lipid concentrations were correlated with disease activity. An inverse correlation was found with spleen size and total serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Serum triglyceride and VLDL-C concentrations were inversely related to the hemoglobin concentrations. There was no correlation of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations with hemoglobin. We found from the present study that low lipid concentrations are associated with poor prognosis of the disease. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the estimation of lipid profile may be helpful in evaluating the response to chemotherapy in CML patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Plasma concentrations of lipid peroxidation products in children with acute leukaemia.

Acute leukaemia is the most common childhood malignancy. The cause of leukaemia is not known in most of the cases and of late free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of leukaemia. The degree of lipid peroxidation was studied in the present study as a marker of disease activity in 15 patients of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and 20 healthy age and sex matched individuals served as control. Serum malonaldehyde (MDA) levels were increased in leukaemia and were higher in the active phase of disease as compared to those in remission, Hence, serum MDA estimation in leukaemia can be of help in diagnosis and to predict the chances of relapse.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2000

Role of oxygen free radicals in shock.

AIMS OF THE STUDY: To study lipid peroxidation, magnesium levels (Mg) in plasma and red cells (RBC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in the plasma and RBC of shock patients. METHODOLOGY: Twenty five patients with clinically defined septic shock and 30 healthy volunteers were selected for the study to study the parameters of oxidative stress. RESULTS: Septic shock patients had higher activities of plasma and RBC SOD and CAT activities as compared to control. Also, plasma Mg and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels were higher in shock patients as compared to controls. While, RBC Mg levels were similar in two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of increased concentration of MDA, Mg, SOD and CAT in sepsis implicates oxygen free radicals in the pathophysiology and free radical scavengers may have a role in organ preservation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Serum vitamin E in chronic myeloid leukaemia.

OBJECTIVE: Experimental evidence suggests that free radicals can participate in tumour promotion and malignant conversion and free radical scavengers like alphatocopherol act as first line of defense against peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present study was planned to estimate serum vitamin E levels in patients of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). METHODS: Serum vitamin E levels were estimated in 25 CML patients before and after the treatment. Twenty five age and sex matched healthy individuals served as control. RESULTS: Mean serum vitamin E levels were significantly decreased in CML patients before starting the treatment as compared to control. Also, vitamin E levels increased significantly after the treatment, but, remained lower than the control. CONCLUSION: Vitamin E levels were lower in CML patients as compared to control and the levels increased significantly after treatment in these patients. This could be due to decrease in oxidative stress due to decrease in tumour load.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Glutathione levels in health and sickness.

We speculate that the glutathione (GSH) status of human subjects could be an indicator of health and functional age. In this regard, in a study in which, 80 young and 40 elderly healthy individuals were selected as control. We also studied 145 patients with chronic illnesses namely, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes, preeclampsia, cataract, chronic renal failure and leukaemia (age 52 +/- 8.6 years). We observed that all the subjects had high malonadildehyde and low glutathione levels as compared to control. These early observations support the hypothesis that oxidative stress may have an important aetiological rule and antioxidants a potential therapeutic role.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Oxidative stress after acute myocardial infarction: effect of thrombolytic treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Treatment with thrombolysis plays a crucial role in salvaging the myocardium in myocardial infarction (MI) patients, but reperfusion of ischaemic areas may itself be associated with reperfusion injury mediated by free radical induced oxidation. Hence the present study was planned to evaluate oxidative stress in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy during MI and to compare them with those not receiving thrombolysis. METHODS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was used as a marker of lipid peroxidation in 30 patients after acute MI. Thirteen were treated by intravenous thrombolysis and 17 served as control. Also, vitamin E levels were estimated in these patients. RESULTS: Patients treated with thrombolysis showed a fall in vitamin E and increase in TBARS within first hours. The decrease in vitamin E was independent of a change in cholesterol. However, the levels were similar at 72 hours. CONCLUSION: The results indicate increased free radical production after MI and reperfusion also increases in free radical production and antioxidants may have a part in improving thrombolytic reperfusion of ischaemic myocardium.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Lymphocyte glutathione levels in acute leukemia.

The current interest in the clinical significance of the glutathione estimation in leukemia is due to its widespread effect on the cell constituent and cell function of the hematopoietic system. It helps and protects the cells against free radicals and reactive oxygen products. The present study was conducted to estimate glutathione levels in lymphocytes of 20 patients with acute leukemia before and after chemotherapy to observe the relation of glutathione level to response to chemotherapy. Twenty age and sex matched healthy volunteers served as control. In acute myeloid leukemia, the levels were almost double than that of controls (P<0.001). In acute lymphoid leukemia they were 2.5 times of the control. Lymphocyte glutathione levels was higher in active phase of disease than in remission. Lymphocyte glutathione level could act as a marker of leukemic activity and may help to predict onset of relapse. But, it is not only the determinant of response to chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Alpha tocopherol concentration in serum of critically ill patients.

OBJECTIVE: Alpha tocopherol is the biologically and chemically active form of vitamin E and is the most abundant lipid-soluble antioxidant in humans protecting the cell membranes. Serum concentration of the antioxidant alpha tocopherol was measured in critically ill patients in whom the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species could compromise antioxidant defence mechanisms. METHOD: Alpha tocopherol concentration in serum was measured spectrofluorometrically in critically ill patients admitted in intensive care unit and age matched healthy adults, patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) served as control. RESULTS: Alpha tocopherol levels were significantly lower in critically ill patients (p < 0.001) as compared to healthy control subjects and those in two other disease groups (DM, CML) in which reactive oxygen species are reported to be increased. Elderly patients and patients who stayed longer than 8 days had lower plasma concentration of vitamin E. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that antioxidant defence could be considerably compromised in these very sick patients and vitamin E supplementation may be beneficial in increasing their antioxidant reserve.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Lipid peroxidation in leukaemia.

OBJECTIVE: Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of leukaemias, so the degree of lipid peroxidation was studied as a marker of disease activity in patients of leukaemia. METHODS: Lipid peroxidation product malonyldialdehyde (MDA) was estimated in serum from 30 patients of leukaemia by thio-barbituric acid reaction before and after chemotherapy. There were 10 patients of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), 5 with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL), 15 with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) of which 10 were in chronic stable phase and 5 in blast crisis. Twenty healthy age and sex matched individuals served as control. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in MDA levels in AML and ALL patients and serum MDA levels were higher in the active phase of disease than in remission. We observed a direct correlation between peripheral leucocyte counts and MDA levels. In CML, MDA levels were higher, more so in the patients who were in blast crisis. Patients of CML blast crisis who achieved remission showed a significant decrease in MDA levels as compared to those without remission. CONCLUSION: We observed a significant increase in MDA levels in active phase of acute as well as chronic leukaemia than those in remission. The proposed mechanism for high MDA is that myeloid cells are a major source of superoxide and other oxygen metabolites which lead to lipid peroxidation. MDA estimation in leukaemia can be of help in detecting type of leukaemia, response of therapy, and to predict the chances of relapse.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1999

Serum vitamin E levels in patients of chronic myeloid leukaemia.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate vitamin E levels in sera of patients of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) before and after treatment with busulphan and hydroxyurea and to compare the levels with those in healthy controls. METHODS: The study was carried out in a total of 50 subjects (mean age 34 +/- 8.86 years; 25 were proved cases of CML and 25 were healthy controls. Vitamin E level was measured by spectrofluorometeric method. In patients of CML vitamin E level was estimated twice i.e. once when their total leucocyte count (TLC) was raised (i.e. before treatment) and then after treatment after bringing the TLC near normal. RESULTS: The mean serum vitamin E level in 25 normal healthy controls was 7.19 micrograms/ml and that in 25 patients of CML at presentation (before treatment) was 2.67 micrograms/ml. It increased to 3.61 micrograms/ml after treatment. CONCLUSION: The results show that patients of CML have a significantly lower (p < 0.001) level of serum vitamin E as compared to normal healthy adults and that the level of vitamin E increased significantly (p < 0.001) after treatment even without supplementing vitamin E.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Immunological assessment in patients of leukaemia.

In the present study delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity response (DNCB test) and humoral response (by uantification of immunoglobulins) ware carried out in 20 cases of leukaemias. None of the cases was found to be anergic or immunodeficient. In remission also patients showed the normal response.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Vitamin E in intestinal fat malabsorption.

This study was done on 5 patients suffering from tropical sprue (8-10 years' duration). Serum vitamin E level was significantly low in these patients. Cell-mediated immune mechanism assessed by using 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, a skin-sensitizing hapten, was also depressed. Polyneuropathy was also observed. Repletion of vitamin deficiency was associated with marked improvement in T-cell functions and neuropathy.

Adult↗