Biomedical subjects

P S Goyal

Publications and source records attributed to P S Goyal.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Effect of head group polarity and spacer chain length on the aggregation properties of gemini surfactants in an aquatic environment.

The aggregation behavior of cationic gemini surfactants with respect to variation in head group polarity and spacer length is studied through conductance, surface tension, viscosity, and small-angle neutron-scattering (SANS) measurements. The critical micellar concentration (cmc), average degree of micelle ionization (beta(ave)), minimum area per molecule of surfactant at the air-water interface (A(min)), surface excess concentration (gamma(max)), and Gibb's free energy of micellization (delta G(mic)) of the surfactants were determined from conductance and surface tension data. The aggregation numbers (N), dimensions of micelles (b/a), effective fractional charge per monomer (alpha), and hydration of micelles (h(E)) were determined from SANS and viscosity data, respectively. The increasing head group polarity of gemini surfactant with spacer chain length of 4 methylene units promotes micellar growth, leading to a decrease in cmc, beta(ave), and delta G(mic) and an increase in N and b/a. This is well supported by the observed increase in hydration (h(E)) of micelles with increase in aggregation number (N) and dimension (b/a) of micelle.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Synthesis, characterization, and SANS studies of novel alkanediyl-alpha,omega-bis(hydroxyethylmethylhexadecylammonium bromide) cationic gemini surfactants.

A series of novel gemini cationic surfactants alkanediyl-alpha,omega-bis (hydroxyethylmethylhexadecylammonium bromide) with polymethylene spacer chain length of 4, 6, 8, and 10 carbon atoms was synthesized and characterized. Critical micellar concentrations of the gemini surfactants in aqueous solutions as determined by the surface tension and conductance measurements were observed to be in the range 1.39-3.63 microM. The critical micellar concentration was observed to increase initially with spacer length up to 6 methylene groups and to decrease thereafter with the increase in spacer length. The micellar microstructure in aqueous solutions examined through small angle neutron scattering (SANS) revealed that the extent of aggregation growth and variation in shapes of micelles strongly depend on head group polarity, spacer chain length, and temperature. The propensity to micellar growth with spacer chain length 4 was found to be much higher than with the longer spacer lengths. The fractional charge on the micelle increases with increased spacer chain length and temperature.

Cations↗

PubMed2003

Selective counterion condensation in ionic micellar solutions.

Small-angle neutron scattering experiments have been carried out on micellar solutions of cationic surfactants of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) and chloride (CTACl) in the presence of varying concentrations of salts KBr and KCl. In these systems, while the size of micelles strongly increases with the addition of KBr, the effect of addition of KCl in comparison is much less pronounced. It is found that in equimolar surfactant to salt micellar solutions of CTABr/KCl and CTACl/KBr, the micellar sizes are larger in CTACl/KBr than those in CTABr/KCl. The measurements have been done for different equimolar surfactant to salt concentrations and at different temperatures. We explain these results in terms of selective counterion condensation on the micelles. That is, while the condensation of Cl- counterions on the CTABr micelles in CTABr/KCl takes place around the condensed Br- counterions of CTABr, the Cl- counterions of CTACl in CTACl/KBr are replaced by Br- counterions of the salt. Similar results have also been obtained on micellar solutions of anionic surfactants of sodium dodecyl sulfate and lithium dodecyl sulfate in the presence of salts LiBr and NaBr, respectively.

Journal Article↗