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Biomedical subjects

P S McNamara

Publications and source records attributed to P S McNamara.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is an important cause of severe respiratory disease in infants. This study aimed to characterise changes in pulmonary pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in infants with RSV bronchiolitis over the course of the illness. On the day of intubation (Day 1) and the day of extubation (Day X), nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on term and preterm infants ventilated for RSV bronchiolitis and on control infants on Day 1. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR) and interleukin (IL)-6 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein were measured. Twenty-four infants, born at term and 23 infants born preterm with RSV bronchiolitis and 10 controls were recruited. TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA and protein in infants with bronchiolitis were greater than the control group on Day 1. In preterm infants, who were ventilated for longer than term infants, TNF-alpha and IL-6 proteins decreased between Day 1 and Day X. Concentrations of sTNFRs differed between groups on Day 1, but levels did not change between Day 1 and Day X. Large amounts of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the respiratory syncytial virus-infected lung suggest important roles for these cytokines in the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. The decrease in tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 protein in preterm infants may reflect the prolonged clinical course seen in these infants.

Bronchiolitis, Viral↗
PubMed2003

Bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity in infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.

AIM: To examine over time, the cellular response within the lungs of infants ventilated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and to compare this response in infants born at term with those born preterm. METHODS: Non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were taken from 47 infants (24 born at term and 23 born preterm) who were ventilated for RSV positive bronchiolitis and 10 control infants. BAL cellularity and differential cell counts were calculated using standard techniques. RESULTS: Total cellularity in BAL over the first four days of ventilation in infants with RSV bronchiolitis was greater in term infants (median 2.2 (IQR 4.27) x 10(6) cells/ml) compared with preterm infants (0.58 (1.28) x 10(6) cells/ml). The magnitude of the cellular response in preterm infants with bronchiolitis was similar to that in the control group measured on day 1 (0.62 (0.77) x 10(6) cells/ml). BAL cellularity decreased progressively from the time of intubation in term infants, but remained relatively constant in preterm infants up to seven days after intubation. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in the magnitude and type of pulmonary cellular response in term and preterm infants ventilated with RSV bronchiolitis. The cellular response in term infants with bronchiolitis differs from that in a control group of infants. These differences may reflect variations in cellular recruitment in the lung and/or variations in airway calibre.

Bronchiolitis, Viral↗
PubMed1998

Cullen's sign and haemoglobinuria as presenting signs of retroperitoneal haemorrhage in a dog.

Haemoglobinuria and periumbilical discoloration (also known as Cullen's sign) are clinical signs uncommonly reported in veterinary patients. This report describes a case of retroperitoneal haemorrhage in a dog, associated with haemoglobinuria and Cullen's sign. To the authors' knowledge, these clinical signs have not previously been reported singularly or in combination with retroperitoneal haemorrhage in dogs. A neutered male Shetland sheepdog, which was presented for haematuria, also had an abdominal mass, abdominal pain and a large area of periumbilical discoloration. Laboratory studies determined that haemoglobinuria was the cause of the red-coloured urine. Abdominal radiographs suggested a splenic mass and a coeliotomy was performed. During the induction and throughout the anaesthetic period the dog was hypertensive and a large haematoma originating from the right retroperitoneal space was identified at surgery. The cause of the haemorrhage was uncertain but a ruptured phaeochromocytoma was thought possible on the basis of the persistent hypertension and the location of the haemorrhage.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Slow-acting, disease-modifying osteoarthritis agents.

There is evidence to suggest that tetracyclines have benefit beyond their antimicrobial activity. The ability to inhibit metalloproteinase activity may provide a disease-modifying effect in OA, and available data suggest that further investigation is warranted. Controlled, double-blind, prospective clinical studies have not been completed. The canine cruciate ligament transection model studies are frequently cited as the most convincing in vivo evidence of a benefit of oral tetracycline therapy for the treatment of OA. Until more evidence becomes available, the use of tetracyclines as therapeutic agents for OA should be considered investigational.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Hematologic, hemostatic, and biochemical effects in dogs receiving an oral chondroprotective agent for thirty days.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a chondroprotective agent on hematologic, hemostatic, and biochemical variables in clinically normal dogs when administered over 30 days. ANIMALS: 13 clinically normal Beagles of either sex. PROCEDURE: Hematologic and hemostatic variables were assessed prior to treatment and on days 3, 14, and 30 of treatment. Biochemical variables were assessed before treatment and on day 30 of treatment. RESULTS: Significant (P < 0.05) decreases were noted in hematocrit, hemoglobin, WBC, and segmented neutrophil variables on days 3 and 14 of treatment. A significant decrease in red distribution width was noted on days 3 and 30, in RBC count on day 3, and in lymphocyte numbers on day 30. There were also significant reductions of aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate and collagen on days 14 and 30. Significant decreases were noted in total ATP release in response to collagen on days 14 and 30, as well as significant decrease in platelet count on days 14 and 30. No changes were noted in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, mucosal bleeding time, or biochemical variables during the study. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of this chondroprotective agent causes minor but not clinically important changes in hematologic and hemostatic variables in young, clinically normal dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Oral chondroprotective agents are widely prescribed in veterinary medicine for the treatment of degenerative joint disease; however, to date, little is known about safety of their use.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic vaginocervical prolapse with visceral incarceration in a dog.

A bitch was presented for a vaginal prolapse of five years' duration. The prolapse was confirmed by physical examination and evaluated by contrast radiography. Herniation of the uterine body, urinary bladder, and distal aspect of the colon was identified within the prolapse. The prolapse was reduced surgically, and an ovariohysterectomy, cystopexy, and colopexy were performed. Compared to other vaginal disorders, vaginal prolapse is an uncommon condition in the bitch. The secondary involvement of abdominal viscera appears to be exceptionally rare.

Animals↗