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Biomedical subjects

P Søgaard

Publications and source records attributed to P Søgaard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of captopril on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function after acute myocardial infarction.

The left ventricle progressively dilates in some patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Both systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction can be of significance in the development of heart failure. Captopril has been shown to prevent dilatation, but the effect on LV diastolic function is unknown. In a placebo-controlled double-blind parallel study, 58 AMI patients with heart failure or low ejection fraction, or both, were consecutively randomized at day 7 to either placebo or captopril (25 mg twice daily). No differences were present between the groups at baseline. Fifty-three patients completed the 6-month study period. Both LV diastolic and systolic volume indexes increased significantly in the placebo group (17 and 14%, respectively); in the captopril group there was no change in LV diastolic volume index, but a 13% reduction in LV systolic volume index. Ejection fraction increased significantly in the captopril group. The peak flow velocities of the early and atrial filling phases were measured, and the ratio between the velocities was calculated. A significant reduction was observed during the study period in early peak flow velocity (65 to 52 cm/s) and in the ratio between early and atrial peak flow velocity (1.3 to 0.8) in the placebo group (p less than 0.05), but no significant changes occurred in the captopril group. No correlation was found between dilatation of the left ventricle and reduction in early peak flow velocity or the ratio between early and atrial peak flow velocity. In conclusion, captopril prevented LV dilatation, improved ejection fraction and prevented LV diastolic dysfunction in AMI patients with early signs of LV systolic dysfunction.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Aseptic colon resection by an invagination technique. Experimental study on dogs.

A new aseptic colon resection by an invagination technique is presented. The bowel to be resected is invaginated down into the healthy intestine, and the anastomosis is sutured in one layer of continuous suture before transection by a diathermy wire, placed in the intestinal lumen via the anus. Sections of bowel that cannot be invaginated, e.g., because of a tumor, are first removed by transection between pairs of cable ties, which close the lumen. Twenty dogs were operated on without receiving prophylactic antibiotics. In 10, the intestine was transected between cable ties. An imprint, taken from the anastomosis and subcutis, was cultured. The bacterial count at the anastomosis exceeded 100 in only three cases; in the subcutis, this was the case in one dog. One wound infection developed. Serial barium enemas at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks revealed no anastomotic leakage. One early death because of a total anastomotic dehiscence was encountered, and two dogs were killed because of wound dehiscence and anastomotic stricture, respectively. It is concluded that, in dogs, the method is easily and safely performed, but further experimental studies are needed.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1991

Bacteriological autopsy. I. A methodological study.

The two aims of this investigation were: 1. To compare a swab culture technique with an imprint method in bacteriological autopsy. 2. To examine the influence of body manipulation on culture. Specimens were taken from the lungs and the spleen in 42 autopsies. For imprint a piece of sterile blotting paper was used. Point 1. Good qualitative agreement was found between the two methods. Print cultures enabled a quantitation at low numbers of bacteria. However, in most cases when growth was present the colonies were confluent, which did not allow counting. The lung cultures were 67%/69% positive (swab/print). For the spleen, the positive rate was 21%/42% (swab/print). In the cases representing the difference, only a few colonies grew on the print plates. Culture by means of a swab was found to give the same information as culture by imprint. Swabs are easier to handle but should be processed within a couple of hours. Point 2. In ten autopsies, cultures were taken with organs in situ after the organ block was removed and after an ordinary autopsy had been performed. A scoring system was used to compare the results. There was a clear correlation between positive cultures and manipulation of the organs. The specimens should be taken with the organs in situ.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1991

Bacteriological autopsy. II. Comparison of a group of cancer patients with a control group.

A study of the results of bacteriological autopsy in a group of cancer patients compared with a control group was carried out. Autopsy was performed on 42 bodies within 24 hours of death. Thirty-two patients had died with a cancer and the remaining ten had died of cardiovascular disease. Tissue for microscopy and material and culture were taken from the same sites. The results of the inoculations were semiquantified, resulting in a culture score, and the results of the microscopy were classified according to presence of bacteria and kind of inflammation. Furthermore, grading was done according to the degree of inflammation and whether bacteria were seen at microscopy. The culture scores were significantly higher in the cancer group than in the control group. We found a significant correlation between score and presence of acute inflammation. Likewise, a significant correlation was found between score and presence of bacteria at microscopy. As a difference between the cancer group and the control group was seen, further research on bacteriological autopsy seems worthwhile.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gradation of unstable angina based on a sensitive immunoassay for serum creatine kinase MB.

A newly developed, highly sensitive immunoassay for creatine kinase MB isoenzyme was evaluated in 68 patients with or without different types of ischaemic heart disease. Patients were classified on the basis of clinical criteria in four groups: no ischaemic heart disease, stable angina, unstable angina, and acute myocardial infarction. Enzyme concentration in patients with stable angina was the same (even during exercise) as seen in the patients without ischaemic heart disease. Patients with unstable angina, however, could be divided into two groups. One group showed clear evidence of severe myocardial ischaemia by serial changes and higher mean values of creatine kinase MB up to 40 hours after the onset of symptoms, whereas in the remainder values were stable and resembled those seen in the patients without ischaemic heart disease. The changes in concentration correlated with signs of repetitive ischaemic episodes deduced from continuous ST segment monitoring during the first 24 hours after admission. These findings indicate that patients with unstable angina are a heterogenous group. In some, severe and prolonged ischaemia can be detected by a serological assay with high sensitivity.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1990

Yersinia enterocolitica coxitis after hip replacement. A case report.

We report a case of hematogenous Yersinia enterocolitica coxitis 10 years after hip replacement. Despite extraction of the prosthesis and antibiotic treatment, the infection relapsed. Infections in replaced joints with Yersinia enterocolitica call for long-standing treatment with specific antibiotics.

Hip Prosthesis↗
PubMed1990

Final gastric emptying of solid food in healthy subjects: determined by X-ray examination and radionuclide imaging.

In ten healthy subjects final gastric emptying of solid food was measured by a new scintigraphic method, employing 99mTc labelled pellets, and compared to a radiologic method, employing food with incorporated barium suspension. Final gastric emptying of solid food, measured by the scintigraphic technique, was 5.2 hours and with the radiographic technique 5.5 hours, with no significant difference. It is concluded that significant information concerning gastric emptying of solid food can be obtained by the radiological method.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Ciprofloxacin].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Ciprofloxacin↗
PubMed1987

In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

Ciprofloxacin was found to be active against selected strains of methicillin-resistant as well as methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, having minimal inhibitory concentrations less than 0.8 micrograms/ml with inocula of approximately 10(4) CFU/ml. When killing kinetic studies were done with inocula of approximately 10(6) CFU/ml and various ciprofloxacin concentrations, the killing effect was low (less than 3 log10 in 6 h) and regrowth of the culture was seen after 24 h in at least one Staphylococcus aureus strain. After 48 h incubation, mutants with MICs eightfold that of the parental strain had grown to a number of approximately 10(10) CFU/ml.

Ciprofloxacin↗
PubMed1987

Comparative in vitro activities of pefloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin against 256 clinical isolates.

The antibacterial activity of four new fluoroquinolone carboxylic acids, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin, against 256 clinical isolates was investigated by means of an agar dilution method. Generally, all quinolones tested had a high activity against Gram-negative bacteria. More than 90% of Enterobacteriaceae strains were inhibited by a quinolone concentration of 0.4 microgram/ml. Also strains usually resistant to conventional beta-lactam antibiotics, and sometimes to third-generation cephalosporins, like Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp, and Yersinia spp. were susceptible to the tested quinolones. Ciprofloxacin was 5 to 25-fold more potent on a weight basis against Enterobacteriaceae than the other quinolones. Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Haemophilus influenzae were extremely susceptible to the new quinolones. Ciprofloxacin was about 10 times more potent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than the other quinolones, and was the only quinolone that was sufficiently active against all tested P. aeruginosa strains (MIC less than or equal to 0.4 microgram/ml). The activity against Gram-positive bacteria was considerably lower. All the quinolones investigated had an acceptable activity against many of the methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. The majority of the Streptococcus spp. tested was quinolone-resistant, and was Listeria monocytogenes. Generally, it was evident that ciprofloxacin was more potent on a weight basis than the other quinolones, but this difference was counterbalanced by a higher achievable serum concentration for ofloxacin. Some of the investigated fluoroquinolones might constitute valid therapeutical alternatives to beta-lactam antibodies and aminoglycosides in the treatment of serious bacterial infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of a conventional routine method for identification of clinical isolates of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species. Comparison with API-Staph and API-Staph-Ident.

A collection of 138 consecutive isolates from blood primarily identified as Gram-positive, cluster-forming, coagulase-negative cocci was examined by a conventional routine method for identification of clinical isolates of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species. The method was based on selected reactions from the Kloos & Schleifer scheme, utilizing the conventional media of Statens Seruminstitut. Double determinations for each isolate were performed by the conventional method. The results were compared with speciation by the commercial micromethods API-Staph and API-Staph-Ident. For control, 31 Staphylococcus and 13 Micrococcus reference strains were included. Of the 31 Staphylococcus spp. (reference strains), the conventional system, API-Staph, and API-Staph-Ident correctly identified 87%, 87% and 81%, respectively. Micrococcus spp. were only identified to genus level by the conventional method as well as by API-Staph. API-Staph-Ident is not designed for Micrococcus identification. Of 138 blood isolates, 121 belonged to the genus Staphylococcus while 17 were Micrococcus spp. S. epidermidis dominated with all three methods, constituting approx. 35% of the isolates tested. In only 57% of the isolates identification by all three methods agreed. The three methods were unable to put a name on 7.5% (conventional method), 10.7% (API-Staph) and 2.5% (API-Staph-Ident) of the isolates. Reproducibility was high with the conventional method (100% for the reference strains and 91% for blood culture isolates) as well as with API-Staph and API-Staph-Ident (88%/81% and 81%/81%, respectively). We concluded that our conventional system was able to identify most clinically significant staphylococcal species by means of relatively few tests with a high certainty and a high degree of reproducibility.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of resistance types in Enterobacter cloacae 1977 and 1985.

A collection of Enterobacter cloacae strains from Odense University Hospital from 1977 were compared with a collection from 1985 as regards acquired resistance traits. Among the strains with carbenicillin (Ca) resistance, the number of multiresistant strains decreased while the number with sole Ca-resistance increased. In 1977, a high proportion of the Ca-resistant (Ca-r) strains had plasmid-mediated beta-lactam resistance, but in 1985 the Ca-r strains were completely dominated by organisms with elevated amounts of chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamase. The latter, but not the former, strains were resistant to the newer cephalosporins (e.g. cefotaxime (Ctax)). The consumption of Ctax and cefuroxime increased from 0 kg in 1977 to 7.0 kg in 1985. It is therefore probable that this increase was the cause of the change in occurrence of the resistance types. Ninety-one % of the Ca-r strains were isolated from urinary samples in 1977. The percentage was only 31 in 1985. This change, concomitant with the increase in Ctax-r strains, can probably be explained by the better conditions for selection of Ctax-r mutants, producing greater amounts of chromosomal beta-lactamase, in wounds and respiratory tract than in urine.

Ampicillin Resistance↗