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Biomedical subjects

P Salomon

Publications and source records attributed to P Salomon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Plasma levels of neuropeptide Y i patients with current myocardial infarction].

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been recently characterised as one of the strongest circulating vasoconstrictor peptides, its elevated level may cause coronary artery spasm and increase of peripheral vascular resistance. All this contributes to ischemic myocardial damage and decrease of regional and global left ventricular function. The aim of the study was the examination of NPY plasma levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after thrombolytic therapy with or without reperfusion. The survey was made in 82 patients with AMI after thrombolytic therapy: 40 of them without reperfusion and 42 with reperfusion. The control group consisted of 20 healthy persons. Plasma levels of NPY were measured before thrombolysis, then 1, 3 and 5 days after, using a radioimmunologic method. All patients were treated with aspirin, glyceryl trinitrate and thrombolytic therapy (TT) with alteplase (r-TPA). In patients with AMI, NPY plasma levels were normal before and 1 day after TT, and were significant elevated 3 days after TT 5 days after TT, plasma NPY levels were still high in patients without reperfusion, but they decreased in patients with reperfusion. There was significant negative correlation between NPY level and left ventricular ejection fraction measured 5 days after AMI. During 30-days follow up systolic dysfunction of left ventricle with ejection fraction under 40% occurred in 21 patients and in 11 of them clinical symptoms of heart failure were observed. Using the multivariable regression analysis we showed that NPY concentration over 60 pg/ml is the independent factor leading to left ventricle systolic dysfunction. The results of our study suggest the contribution of NPY to the left ventricular remodeling after AMI.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Activity of transmembrane calcium transport and levels of endothelin-1 in patients with variant angina].

Recent studies showed that coronary artery spasm may be due to disturbances of secretory and excretory endothelial activity in atherosclerotic coronary artery. However, this theory does not explain the reasons of coronary artery spasm when endothelium is not damaged. There must be other patomechanisms of coronary artery spasm. The aim of our study was examination of calcium efflux through the lymphocytic cell membrane and determination of endothelin-1 plasma levels in patients with variant angina in order to define the participation of these factors in pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm. The survey was made in 76 patients with ischaemic heart disease. All patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 48 patients with variant angina (d.b.s.), the other consisted of 28 patients with stable angina (d.b.w.). The control group (g.k.) was composed of 25 healthy people. Patients were administered 100 ml of trometamol (TRIS, pH = 10.5) intravenously for 5 minutes. After stopping the infusion the examined patient was breathing deeply for 5 minutes at a rate of 40/min. The endothelin-1 (ET-1) plasma levels and transmembrane calcium transport in lymphocytes were determined before and just after the hyperventilation test, as well as 10 minutes after the test. ET-1 plasma concentrations were estimated with a radioimmunologic assay. The method of estimation of transmembrane calcium transport was elaborated in Laboratory of Department of Cardiology of Medical University of Wrocław. We showed that ET-1 plasma levels and transmembrane calcium transport in patients with d.b.s. before the test were normal. There was an increase in transmembrane calcium efflux in patients with d.b.s. during coronary artery spasm that had been caused by ET-1. ET-1 plasma levels were still high 10 min. after the coronary artery spasm. Disturbances of transmembrane calcium transport and increased endothelin-1 plasma level may be the primary factors responsible for coronary artery spasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The role of endorphins in the etiopathogenesis of circulatory diseases].

At the beginning of the 70-ties various studies showed the existence of endogenous opiates in central nervous system. The chemical structure of first endogenous pentapeptides called enkephalins (met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin) and their receptor was already known in 1975. Further investigations confirmed the existence of opiates (endorphins) in brain, pituitary gland, spinal cord and other tissues. Endorphins may exert various effects: analgesic (especially dynorphin and b-endorphin), antidiuretic, depressive on respiratory center, constipative, they also cause physical and mental dependence. These peptides, which are not known thoroughly may play a big part in the regulation of many biochemical and hemodynamic processes. Many of these mechanisms are already described and changes in concentrations of endorphins, for example in patients with silent myocardial ischaemia, are basic in the pathogenesis of this disease. Many of these mechanisms are controversial, the role of endogenous opiates in pathogenesis of hypertension or congestive heart failure is still unknown. This study summerizes the present knowledge endorphins and tries to answer whether changes in the concentration of endorphins are primary or secondary to the biochemical and hemodynamic disturbances in 2 diseases.

Endorphins↗
PubMed1999

[The study of the activity of creatine kinase in diagnosis of coronary reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction after thrombolysis].

Early estimation of the efficacy of thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction is of great clinical importance because the appearance of coronary reperfusion changes therapeutic and diagnostic procedures and decreases the mortality rate. Previous studies showed that the analysis of activity of creatinine kinase (CPK) measured in regular, short periods of time after thrombolysis night be useful in the diagnosis of reperfusion equally to coronary angiography. The aim of the study was to estimate the usefulness of the analysis of creatine kinase (CPK) and its isoenzyme (CK-MB) in the diagnosis of coronary reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction after thrombolytic therapy. The study was performed in 50 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to our Cardiology Department, of these 42 were men aged from 34 to 68 and 8 were women aged from 43 to 70. 28 patients had acute inferior myocardial infarction, 22 patients--acute anterior myocardial infarction. All patients were administered 300 mg of aspirin after admission and then 150 mg of aspirin daily and 1,500,000 IU of streptokinase i.v. within 1 hour. Venous blood samples for determination of CPK and CK-MB were obtained every 3 hours during the first 48 h and once a day at 8 a.m from 3rd to 11th day. All patients underwent coronary angiography 2-4 weeks after thrombolysis. The study showed that in patients with reperfusion, activities of CPK and CK-MB three hours after thrombolysis were higher than 30% of later peak. These findings show the usefulness of this criterion in early, non-invasive estimation of efficacy of thrombolysis. Determination of activity of isoenzyme CK-MB during thrombolytic therapy is not necessary, because it evaluates similarly to CPK. We showed that electrocardiographic and enzymatic criteria are comparable in estimation of efficacy of thrombolytic therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient in patients with clinical symptoms of pulmonary embolism].

The accurate detection of pulmonary embolism is possible by means of non-invasive but very expensive ventilation-perfusion lung scanning or invasive and with high rate of complications pulmonary angiography. Thus monitoring of many clinical and biochemical parameters has been recently attempted to increase the probability of correct diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. The alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient is a more sensitive indicator of disturbance in oxygenation than occurrence of hypoxia in gasometry. The aim of our study was to examined the changes of the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient in patients with pulmonary embolism. The survey was made in 35 patients aged from 41 to 75 with acute pulmonary embolism, of these 17 were men and 18 were women. We excluded patients with coexisting serious heart or lung disease. Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed on the grounds of presence of commonly known risk factors, sudden onset, findings on the chest radiography, hypoxia resistant to oxygen therapy, electrocardiography, echocardiography and catheterization of pulmonary artery using a Swan-Ganz catheter. The alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient was measured in arterial blood samples obtained 15 minutes after 100% oxygen ventilation, using standard formulae. All patients were administered heparin, oxygen and warfarine therapy. The control group consisted of 20 patients, 11 women and 9 men aged from 37 to 74, with deep venous thrombosis without coexisting heart or lung disease. In our study we showed that the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient is a very useful parameter helping with diagnosis and monitoring efficacy of treatment in patients with pulmonary embolism without coexisting heart or lung diseases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 and endothelin-2 in patients with pulmonary hypertension].

Increased pressure in pulmonary artery is connected among other things with increased endothelin plasma concentration. The aim of the study was to assess plasma endothelin concentration in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The analysis comprised 22 patients with increased pressure in pulmonary artery in the course of pulmonary thromboembolism or chronic exacerbated left ventricular failure and 10 patients with chronic exacerbated left ventricular failure without pulmonary hypertension. Plasma endothelin concentration was measured in pulmonary artery and capillary wedge pressure were evaluated with Swan-Ganz catheter and also peripheral and pulmonary vascular resistance were calculated. Endothelin plasma concentration in peripheral vein was compared between patients and healthy volunteers. Plasma endothelin concentration in pulmonary artery, peripheral artery and vein was higher in patients with pulmonary hypertension than in patients with chronic exacerbated left ventricular failure without pulmonary hypertension. Plasma endothelin concentration in patients with chronic exacerbated left ventricular failure without pulmonary hypertension was higher in pulmonary artery than in peripheral artery and vein. At these patients plasma endothelin concentration in the peripheral vein didn't differ significantly from the healthy volunteers.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction].

In acute myocardial infarction may increase the synthesis of cytokines, which can enlarge the myocardial lesion owing to their direct toxic action on myocytes or induction of inflammatory changes that lead to myocardiofibrosis. All this may quickening the appearance of congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction. The aim of the study was examination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) plasma levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction and analysis of correlation between concentrations of these cytokines and myocardial lesions during infarction. The study was made in 94 patients admitted to the Department of Cardiology with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Of these, 40 were women aged from 41 to 85 (mean 67 years) and 54 were men aged from 39 to 86 (mean 63 years). Anterior AMI was diagnosed in 40 patients, inferior AMI was diagnosed in 54 patients. 63 patients underwent the thrombolytic therapy, reperfusion appeared in 45 patients, 24 patients were excluded from the thrombolytic therapy. Control group consisted of 28 healthy persons aged from 35 to 76 (mean 61 years). Blood samples for determination of TNF-alpha and IL-6 plasma levels were taken just after admission prior to the treatment. Then patients were taken streptokinase or tissue-type plasminogen activator with typical doses. Blood samples for determination of cytokines were obtained in 3. and 7. day after treatment. TNF-alpha and IL-6 plasma levels were determined with radioimmunological assay. Creatine kinase activity were monitored in patients with AMI as well as ejection fraction was checked in echocardiography in 3. and 7. day after treatment. We showed increased plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in patients with AMI with maximum in 3. day of infarction. Concentrations of cytokines were higher in patients with anterior AMI than in patients with inferior AMI. In anterior infarction concentrations of cytokines were significantly lower after thrombolytic therapy with reperfusion than after treatment without reperfusion. There is a correlation between infarct size and concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-6.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Levels of neuropeptide Y and thromboxane B2 in patients with variant angina].

One of the causes of coronary artery spasm in patients with variant angina could be a disturbed interaction between the vasodilating action of endothelial derived relaxing factor and the vasospastic action of neuropeptide Y and thromboxane B2. The aim of this study was a verification of the participation of neuropeptide Y and thromboxane B2 in etiopathogenesis of the coronary artery spasm in patients with variant angina. The survey was made in 38 patients with variant angina and in 18 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris. The control group consisted of 20 healthy persons. Before the hyperventilation test, during which the person under test has been breathing with a frequency of 40/minute through 5 minutes, the Tris (tromethamol) of pH = 10.5 has been given in intravenous infusion lasting for 5 minutes. The neuropeptide Y and thromboxane B2 plasma levels have been determined just before the hyperventilation test, just after the termination of the test and 10 minutes after the termination of the test. Neuropeptide Y and thromboxane B2 plasma levels have been determined with a radioimmunologic method. It has been recorded that during the hyperventilation test in all of the 38 patients with variant angina the clinical and the electrocardiographic symptoms of the coronary artery spasm have appeared--but these have not appeared in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris and in healthy persons. The level of neuropeptide Y in patients with variant angina before the test, just at its end and as well as 10 min. after completing of the hyperventilation test, was significantly higher compared with the level in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris and controls. Contrary to chronic stable angina pectoris patients and controls, in variant angina group the level of neuropeptide Y increased rapidly at the end of the test and further elevation in neuropeptide Y level was observed 10 min. after the test. There was no difference in basal thromboxane B2 levels between angina patients and controls. At the end of hyperventilation test in variant angina group thromboxane B2 level significantly increased and remained on this level until 10 min. after the test. Significant increase of neuropeptide Y and thromboxane B2 plasma levels in variant angina patients during artery coronary spasm induced by hyperventilation test suggests the contribution of these humoral factors to the pathogenesis of vasospastic episodes in angina patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Sodium efflux through lymphocytic cell membranes in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency].

Disturbances of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in patients with respiratory insufficiency may cause the hypertonia of non-striated muscles, which leads to increased peripheral resistance or bronchoconstriction, and also may inhibit the uptake of catecholamines and therefore may intensify their action on the respiratory and circulatory systems. All this is very harmful in respiratory insufficiency. The aim of the study was the examination if there are any changes in sodium efflux through lymphocytic cell membrane in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency and if retraction of insufficiency can influence the activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. The study was performed in 40 patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency, of these 11 were women aged from 58 to 72 years and 29 were men aged from 62 to 77 years. Control group consisted of 31 healthy persons, of these 9 were women aged from 37 to 55 and 22 years were men aged from 21 to 60 years. In the study we included patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Blood samples were obtained during the exacerbation of COPD and after partial improvement. We determined arterial blood gases and rates of total, ouabain-sensitive and furosemide-sensitive sodium efflux through lymphocytic cell membrane in venous blood. The rates of sodium efflux were estimated with the method described by Haegerty et al. In the study we showed that in patients with exacerbation of COPD rates of total and ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux through lymphocytic cell membrane were decreased, but after improvement of the disease these rates normalized. In patients with exacerbation of COPD rates of furosemide-sensitive sodium efflux were normal. Disturbances of activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in patients with exacerbation of chronic pulmonary insufficiency are due to hypoxia.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Sodium efflux through lymphocytic cell membranes in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

One of the reasons of ventricular arrhythmias and coronary artery spasms in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be the lower Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, which causes decrease of potassium intracellular concentration and increase of calcium intracellular concentration. The aim of the study was the examination of the rate of sodium efflux through the lymphocytic cell membrane in patients with AMI after thrombolytic therapy. The survey was made in 50 patients with AMI after thrombolytic therapy: 30 of them with reperfusion (group I) and 20 without reperfusion (group II). The control group consisted of 31 healthy persons. Rates of total, ouabain-sensitive and furosemide-sensitive sodium efflux through the lymphocytic cell membrane were measured before thrombolysis, then 3 and 5 days after, using the method elaborated by Haegerty et al. All patients were treated with aspirin, glyceryl trinitrate and thrombolysis therapy with alteplase (r-TPA). In all patients with AMI rates of total and ouabaine-sensitive sodium efflux through the lymphocytic cell membrane were decreased, but rates of furosemide-sensitive sodium efflux were normal. In patients after thrombolytic therapy with reperfusion, 3 and 5 days after thrombolysis the decreased rates were normal, but they were still decreased in patients without reperfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Frequency of silent ischemic heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus].

Early detection of silent ischaemia plays an important role in prevention of sudden cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction. More frequent occurrence of silent ischaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus and manifestations of ischaemic heart disease has been relayed in several studies. No studies aimed at frequency of occurrence of silent ischaemia in diabetic patients without clinical symptoms of ischaemic heart disease have been performed yet. Objectives of this study were the examination of the latter case. This study involved 67 patients with diabetes mellitus without clinical symptoms of ischaemic heart disease. The average duration time of diabetes mellitus was 11 years. The patients were divided in two groups. The first group included 26 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The second group included 41 patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The first control group consisted of 35 non diabetic patients with ischaemic heart disease, and the second control group consisted of 22 healthy volunteers. 24-hours ambulatory Holter monitoring and ECG exercise test were performed in all subjects. The diagnosis of silent ischaemia was established in patients with positive results of both examinations in ECG-records without any following pain. In case of only one positive results the dipyridamole stress echocardiography test with ECG was carried out to prove the diagnosis. It was proved, that silent ischaemia occurs in 19.2% of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and in 22% non insulin diabetic patients. No statistic differences between frequency of silent ischaemia occurrence in both groups were revealed. The application of 24-hours Holter monitoring combined with ECG-exercise stress test seems to be the best method in early recognition of silent ischaemia in diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between moexipril and hydrochlorothiazide.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between moexipril, a new converting enzyme inhibitor, and hydrochlorothiazide after single dose administration. METHODS: 12 healthy male volunteers were studied by an open, randomised, three-way cross-over design, in which single doses of moexipril, hydrochlorothiazide and the two drugs together were administered. Blood and urine were collected up to 48 hours for measurement of the concentrations of moexipril and its metabolite moexiprilat. In addition, the urine samples were analysed for hydrochlorothiazide. RESULTS: For the area under the plasma concentration-time curve calculated from time 0 to a concentration greater than zero, AUC(O-t), the study showed a mean value of moexipril 437 ng.ml-1.h-1 following administration of moexipril alone and 416 ng.ml-1.h-1 following moexipril concomitantly with hydrochlorothiazide. The corresponding values for the metabolite moexiprilat were 203 and 215 ng.ml-1.h-1, respectively. The Cmax of moexipril and the metabolite (data of the metabolite in parenthesis) were 245.4 (70.8) ng.ml-1 after administration of moexipril alone and 241.0 (69.2) ng.ml-1 after coadministration of hydrochlorothiazide. The mean total renal excretion (TUE) of hydrochlorothiazide was 15.2 mg when administered alone and 15.1 mg when given together with moexipril. The corresponding mean TUE-values for moexiprilat were 334 (1200) and 453 (1460) micrograms. CONCLUSIONS: The coadministration of moexipril with hydrochlorothiazide had no demonstrable effect on the measured pharmacokinetic parameters of moexipril, its active metabolite moexiprilat or hydrochlorothiazide.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Concentration of neuropeptide Y in serum of patients with primary hypertension].

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been recently characterized as a circulating vasoconstrictor peptide which is co-stored with noradrenaline in sympathetic neurons. To investigate the role of NPY concentration in hypertension we measured the circulating NPY, endothelin-1,2 (ET-1,2), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), aldosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA) and noradrenaline (NA) in patients with stable mild to moderate primary hypertension. Circulating levels of NPY, ET-1,2, ANP, aldosterone and PRA were measured with radioimmunoassay, NA by double-isotope radioenzymatic assay. There were significant increase in concentrations NPY, ET-1,2, ANP and NA in patients with moderate primary hypertension, and significant positive correlations between the plasma levels of NPY, ET-1,2 and NA.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Influence of magnesium on rate of sodium transport through lymphocyte membranes in patients with hypertension].

Clinical and experimental investigations indicate that one of the causes of primary hypertension may be diminished membrane sodium efflux. Magnesium is thought to be one of necessary factors that influence normal sodium membrane efflux and thereby maintains correct membrane gradient and potential. The aim of the study was to determinate the influence of intravenous 25% magnesium sulphate infusion on arterial pressure and sodium leukocyte membrane efflux in subjects suffering from primary arterial hypertension. The measurements were performed in 43 hypertensive patients. All patients have been divided into two groups: first-23 subjects with mild hypertension (5 women aged 32 to 50 years and 18 men aged 22 to 58 years), second-20 subjects with moderate hypertension (7 women aged 41 to 60 years and 13 men aged 28 to 65 years). The control group consisted of 31 healthy volunteers (9 women aged 37 to 55 years and 22 men aged 21 to 60 years). After venous catheter has been placed in cephalic vein standard supine arterial pressure measurements and venous blood were obtained in every person. Infusion of 20 ml 25% magnesium sulphate dissolved in 500 ml 5% dextrose was administered during 60 minutes. Again measurements were obtained after the infusion all. Arterial blood pressure was also measured 6 hours after infusion. In our investigation we proved that infusion of 20.3 mmol. of magnesium in patients with primary hypertensive disease enhanced total and furosemide-dependent but not oubain-dependent sodium membrane efflux. It did not also influence neither systolic nor diastolic arterial pressure. The greatest enhancement of total and furosemide-dependent sodium membrane efflux was observed in persons who had the greatest enhancement of magnesium blood concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

How effective is current medical therapy for severe ulcerative and Crohn's colitis? An analytic review of selected trials.

To determine the efficacy of current medical therapies in the treatment of severe ulcerative and Crohn's colitis, we conducted a MEDLINE computer-assisted literature search using the terms "severe ulcerative colitis," "severe Crohn's colitis," "drugs," and "therapy." Studies were compared and then selected based, in decreasing order of importance, on the use of standard criteria to assess disease severity, uniform entrance criteria with prospective drug protocols using defined end points; prospective placebo-controlled trials; and retrospective studies. We then conducted an analytic review of those studies selected. For severe ulcerative colitis, we identified seven studies comprising 319 treatment episodes in 306 patients. Clinical remission was achieved on average in 62% of subjects (range, 43-80%); 38% (25-57%) came to prompt colectomy. Remission was maintained in 38-71% of patients achieving success in the acute phase. For severe Crohn's colitis, we identified five studies comprising 68 patients. Clinical remission was achieved on average in 65% of patients (range, 55-94%). Remission was maintained in 54-69% of those achieving success in the acute phase. Current medical therapies have improved the outlook for severe ulcerative colitis; however, physicians cannot predict response to therapy based upon individual's clinical features or previous presentations. Current medical therapy for severe Crohn's colitis appears to spare many patients early colectomy, but the current dearth of clinical trials postpones any further advances in the medical management of these patients.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1994

[Levels of B-endorphin in patients with silent myocardial ischemia].

Plasma beta-endorphin levels were estimated in patients with painless myocardial ischaemia. The survey was made in 90 patients with coronary artery disease: 55 of them after myocardial infarction and 35 with chronic stable angina pectoris. The control group comprised 22 healthy persons. Plasma beta-endorphin level was determined in all examined patients immediately before the exercise test, just after finishing exercise test, and 6 minutes after the termination of the exercise test. Beta-endorphin plasma levels has been determined with a radioimmunologic method by the means of "beta-endorphins [125J]RIA Kit" manufactured in NEN Research Products. Study showed that in the patients with silent myocardial ischaemia plasma beta-endorphin level was higher than in patients with painful myocardial ischaemia both at rest during exercise test. Increase of plasma beta-endorphin in examined patients can be one of etiopathogenetic factors of silent myocardial ischaemia.

Adult↗