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Biomedical subjects

P Samson

Publications and source records attributed to P Samson.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Perforated duodenal ulcer: subtotal anterior linear and posterior tuberous gastrectomy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate emergency surgery procedures for perforated duodenal ulcers. METHODS: Emergency surgery was performed for perforated duodenal ulcers in 25 patients (19 males and 6 females) with a mean age of 36 +/- 15 years. The procedure consisted of simple closure followed by anterior and partial posterior linear gastrectomy using a stapling device. There were 16 patients who smoked, 11 who drank and smoked, 3 who were under treatment with non-corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agents, 2 who had a history of other disease (myocardial infarction and arteritis) and 4 who were in septic shock. RESULTS: The delay in closure of perforation was less than 6 hours in 17 cases. Peritoneal leakage was confined to the supramesocolic level in 19 cases. The mean follow-up was 14 +/- 2 months with endoscopic control at 12 months. One recurrence (4%) was observed at 8 months. One patient died. Morbidity occurred in 7 patients (28%); epigastric bloating in 5 cases, subphrenic abscess in 1, abscess of the stomach wall in 1 and oesophageal reflux treated without surgery in 1. The mean duration of hospitalization was 13 +/- 3 days.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Palliative treatment of facial paralysis].

Facial nerve palsy disrupts both the static and dynamic equilibrium of the half-face involved. The imbalance worsens with age and senility further aggravates the situation. Palliative surgery can be used in complete intractable facial palsy or rarement for partial palsies or as a temporary treatment. The operation is proposed mostly for elderly patients and does not create other malformations or dysfunctions. Simple and effective reduction, cervicofacial lifting and plicature of the skin muscles is used with ocular protection (passive eyelid circle, lateral de-epidermalized skin flap, blepharorraphia) with or without use of locoregional tissues (orbito-naso-genial and labiogenial flaps) are usually sufficient.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Reduction mammaplasty with free nipple. Apropos of 5 cases].

Thorek's technique for reduction mammaplasty with free nipple graft, described in 1922, has progressively been superseded by procedures using a dermo-glandular pedicle. Following a description of the surgical procedure used, we present a series of 50 patients operated with an average follow-up of 14.6 months; the outcome of the nipple graft was particularly studied. It appeared that the faults which are usually seen with this technique (loss of pigmentation, loss of sensitivity and contractility of the nipple and areola) were only observed in a minority of cases and were never considered to be unsatisfactory for the patients. Thorek's technique also presents advantages: short surgical procedure, simplicity of the glandular resection, minimising the risk of cytosteatonecrosis. This seems to us to be a preferential procedure for the treatment of major hypertrophy in patients presenting vascular risk factors of with a history of tumour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Heat loss from the human head during exercise.

Evaporative and convective heat loss from head skin and expired air were measured in four male subjects at rest and during incremental exercise at 5, 15, and 25 degrees C ambient temperature (Ta) to verify whether the head can function as a heat sink for selective brain cooling. The heat losses were measured with an open-circuit method. At rest the heat loss from head skin and expired air decreased with increasing Ta from 69 +/- 5 and 37 +/- 18 (SE) W (5 degrees C) to 44 +/- 25 and 26 +/- 7 W (25 degrees C). At a work load of 150 W the heat loss tended to increase with increasing Ta: 119 +/- 21 (head skin) and 82 +/- 5 W (respiratory tract) at 5 degrees C Ta to 132 +/- 27 and 103 +/- 12 W at 25 degrees C Ta. Heat loss was always higher from the head surface than from the respiratory tract. The heat losses, separately and together (total), were highly correlated to the increasing esophageal temperature at 15 and 25 degrees C Ta. At 5 degrees C Ta on correlation occurred. The results showed that the heat loss from the head was larger than the heat brought to the brain by the arterial blood during hyperthermia, estimated to be 45 W per 1 degree C increase above normal temperature, plus the heat produced by the brain, estimated to be up to 20 W. The total heat to be lost is therefore approximately 65 W during a mild hyperthermia (+1 degrees C) if brain temperature is to remain constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Enhanced metabolic response to caffeine in exercise-trained human subjects.

The effect of caffeine on resting metabolic rate (RMR) was investigated in eight trained and eight nontrained young male subjects. The ingestion of 4 mg/kg caffeine produced a greater increase of RMR in trained subjects. This effect was associated with a greater increase in plasma free fatty acids and a larger fall in respiratory quotient, indicating an enhanced lipid oxidation following caffeine in exercise-trained subjects. An initial fall in plasma glucose was observed but only in trained subjects, and caffeine did not change plasma insulin in either group studied. Caffeine caused a significant fall in plasma norepinephrine and an increase in plasma epinephrine in both groups of subjects, but this action was significantly greater in trained subjects. It is suggested that the greater increase in RMR observed in trained subjects following caffeine ingestion is related to an enhanced lipid mobilization, possibly produced by a greater epinephrine secretion and by subsequent increased lipid oxidation.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Diet-induced thermogenesis with relation to training state in female subjects.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on meal-induced thermogenesis in 30 female subjects with an average age of 26 years, an average weight of 53.5 kg, and an average height of 162.4 cm. Three groups of 10 subjects were formed with an average maximum aerobic capacity (VO2max) of 57.5 mL X kg-1 X min-1 and a percent body fat of 17.5% for group 1 (competition athletes), of 49.9 mL X kg-1 X min-1 and 21.2% for group 2 (moderately active), and 38.9 mL X kg-1 X min-1 and 22.2% for group 3 (sedentary subjects). Oxygen uptake (VO2), respiratory quotient (R), and heart rate (HR) were measured at intervals for 45 min before and 120 min after a standard meal containing 800 kCal (1 kCal = 4.184 kJ). The increases in VO2 produced by the meal were significantly smaller (P less than 0.05) in group 1 than in group 3. Following the meal, R was significantly increased (P less than 0.01) from its initial value in the three groups, but it remained significantly lower in the well-trained subjects than in the nontrained. HR, which was initially higher (P less than 0.01) in group 3, was slightly increased after the meal, but the response was the same for all groups. These results show a diminished meal-induced thermogenesis in exercise-trained female subjects associated with reduced carbohydrate oxidation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Reduced postprandial heat production with gavage as compared with meal feeding in human subjects.

The postprandial changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) were measured in eight subjects after the ingestion of 735 kcal taken in the form of a meal or fed by stomach tube. A much larger increase in RMR was found with meal feeding (MF) as compared with tube feeding (TF). Measurements of respiratory quotient (RQ) indicated that the increase in RMR with MF is related to increased glucose oxidation, whereas with TF it is possibly explained primarily by the cost of energy storing. Determination of plasma norepinephrine (NE) indicated that the sympathetic nervous system is activated by MF but not by TF. Similarly, plasma glucose and insulin determinations have shown that the secretion of insulin is increased during food ingestion but only with the MF situation. Thus in the 30 min after the beginning of the meal, an increased glucose oxidation was observed that is possibly related to an enhanced NE and insulin secretion; such effects were nonexistent in the TF situation. These results would not substantiate the notion of the specific dynamic action of food and would indicate that independent of the composition of the ingested nutrients, the postprandial increase in RMR is also influenced by sensory and cognitive stimulations.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pyelopexy.

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Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical aspects of AIDS and related syndromes in Pointe-Noire (Peoples' Republic of Congo). Apropos of 73 cases detected in 6 months].

A.I.D.S. is a true public health problem in Central Africa since its "appearance" in 1983. Several authors have described its clinical manifestations, as well as the absence of groups at risk and a sex ratio near to 1. The present study, carried out in Pointe-Noire hospital (Popular Republic of Congo) tries to select in connexion with sex and age, one or several clinical symptoms which should indicate the necessity of requesting a HIV serology test. Four groups have been isolated: a) patients with very important loss of weight and chronic or intermittent diarrhea, b) fever with loss of weight and pulmonary X-Ray anomalies, c) polyadenopathies, d) associated opportunistic infections and Kaposi sarcoma. In Africa, A.I.D.S. strikes all age groups and both sex. There is one group at risk: transfused patients, particularly the sickle-cell anemia homozygotes.

AIDS-Related Complex↗