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Biomedical subjects

P Schauer

Publications and source records attributed to P Schauer.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effect of rat (beta)-interferon on intracellular levels of hydrolases in rat embryonal fibroblasts (Wistar strain).

The effect of rat beta-interferon (IFN) on the intracellular level of thiole and acid proteases and alkaline phosphatases was investigated. When nontransformed rat embryonal fibroblasts (REF) (Wistar strain) were treated with homologous IFN, a time independent decrease of hydrolase enzyme levels was observed. IFN treatment of transformed cells lead to a time dependent decrease of thiole proteases within 90 min. The values for acid proteases remained unchanged after the short term IFN treatment.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Chemotherapy of metastatic sweat gland carcinoma. A retrospective review.

Sweat gland carcinoma (SGC) is a rare malignancy of the skin. though many patients with SGC die of disseminated metastases, little is known regarding the value of systemic chemotherapy for this disease. We reviewed the records of 20 patients with metastatic SGC who were treated with chemotherapy at Memorial Hospital between 1968 and 1983. A large variety of drugs were given. Although only a few patients were treated with any given regimen, metastatic SGC appears to be poorly responsive to a wide variety of chemotherapeutic regimens. Five major responses were observed in 30 chemotherapy trials performed in 17 patients with measurable/evaluable disease. No patient responded to single agent therapy alone. In this small group of patients, SGC appears to be a relatively chemotherapy resistant tumor. Larger, group-wide or inter-group trials are needed to prospectively evaluate the use of chemotherapy in this disease. Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, the two drugs used most commonly in those combinations where responses were seen, appear to be reasonable choices for initial treatment of patients with metastatic disease. Our review does not provide data to support the empiric use of chemotherapy in an adjuvant setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: results of the L-10 and L-10M protocols.

Two successive protocols (L-10 and L-10M) employing multidrug induction therapy with vincristine, prednisone, and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) plus an intensive consolidation phase and maintenance program have led to a significant improvement in the prognosis of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The complete remission (CR) rates for the 34 patients entered on the L-10 protocol and the 38 patients entered on the L-10M protocol were 85% and 84%, respectively. The median duration of remission has not yet been reached for either the L-10 (median follow-up, 5.5 years; range, 3.5-7.5 years) or the L-10M protocol (median follow-up, 2.5 years; range, 1-3.5 years). The median survival time has not yet been reached for the L-10M protocol. Central nervous system prophylaxis with intrathecal methotrexate alone was effective in preventing central nervous system relapse. An analysis of possible prognostic factors indicated that patients less than 25 years of age had a higher CR rate than older patients (p = 0.02). Patients with an initial leukocyte count below 15,000/microL experienced longer remissions than patients with a leukocyte count above 15,000/microL (p = 0.008), and patients who achieved CR within the first month of therapy were in remission longer than those requiring a longer time to achieve CR (p = 0.04). Patients with T cell ALL did not have a poorer prognosis than other patients treated on these protocols. The L-10 and L-10M protocols were well tolerated with minimal morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Effect of homologous and heterologous interferons on proteolytic activity of normal and transformed cells.

The authors investigated the effect of various types of interferons (INF) on the activity of intracellular neutral and cysteine proteinases (cathepsin B and H) in normal and transformed rat embryonic fibroblasts. A substantially stronger inhibitory effect was observed with all three types of IFN on the proteolytic enzymes in transformed cells if compared to that on normal cells. Heterologous IFN reduces the activity of cysteine proteinases by 33% and neutral proteinases by 79%. Homologous IFN strongly reduced the activity of cysteine proteinases in transformed cells (59%) used in the experiments, but the inhibition of neutral proteinases remained nearly unchanged if compared with normal cells (18%).

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The significance of splenomegaly in 101 adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at presentation and during remission.

One-hundred-one adult patients with ALL were analyzed to determine the prognostic implications of splenomegaly occurring at any time during the course of their illness. The clinical status of the spleen at presentation was not found to be of major prognostic significance. Complete response rates, remission durations, and survivals did not differ between patients with and without splenomegaly at presentation. An enlarged spleen accompanied relapse in four patients. In six additional patients, splenomegaly was present during complete remission, and splenectomies performed in five of these patients revealed no evidence of leukemia to account for the splenomegaly. Splenectomy does not appear to be detrimental, as all five patients are currently in complete remission from 20 to 63 mo after splenectomy. Evidence implicating the spleen as a source of an antibody directed against autologous leukemia cells in one patient is reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Morphological classification, response to therapy, and survival in 263 adult patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.

Bone marrow smears of 263 protocol patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) and related disorders treated between 1970 and 1978 at MSKCC were reviewed blindly by two pairs of hematomorphologists and classified according to the FAB system. It was found necessary to add one category (MO) for acute undifferentiated leukemia and to define more precise quantitative criteria for the categories M1-M6 based on bone marrow differential counts. Using this modified FAB classification, agreement between the two observer groups based on morphology alone was 69%. Cytochemical stains were essential in establishing the diagnosis in 9%, led to a change of diagnosis by one observer team in 14%, and helped to confirm the diagnosis in 32% of cases. Complete remission rates, remission duration, and survival were not significantly different among diagnostic categories. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS: M6, RAEB, CMML; CR rate 48%) and ANLL without differentiation (M0, M1, M5a; CR rate 50%) appeared to do less well than ANLL with partial differentiation (M2, M3, M4, M5b; CR rate 59%) on all three protocols studied. Auer rods were present in 53% of all cases with 63% in the myeloid categories (M1-M4). Auer rods were found to be the single most important prognostic parameter in this study, with a complete remission (CR) rate of 68% in the Auer-rod-positive and of 40% in the Auer-rod-negative group (p < 0.0001). Survival was significantly longer for patients exhibiting Auer rods (p < 0.0002). Median survival for the total group was 13.5 mo and median remission duration for responders was 11.5 mo in the Auer-rod-positive group compared to 6.2 mo median survival and 9.2 mo median remission duration for the Auer-rod-negative group.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Similarities of cellular receptors for interferon and cortisol.

Cellular receptors are molecules located on the cell membrane. Their function is to bind different molecules to the cell surface. These molecules can penetrate into the cytoplasm and trigger cellular changes. One kind of such bound molecules are interferons and corticosteroids. Until very recently very little was known about interferon's receptors on the cell surface, mechanisms of interferon's binding to them or about kinetics of such binding. On the basis of results published elsewhere and on the basis of experimental results, the authors suggest: 1) receptors for interferon and cortisol are glycoproteins located on the cell surface, 2) in analogy with PHA receptors they are chemically sialoglycoproteins, 3) binding kinetics of cortisol and interferon is similar, 4) interferon and cortisol compete for cellular receptors, 5) binding of cortisol or interferon is dependent on allosteric configuration of receptor molecules.

Animals↗