Tubuloreticular structures in peripheral blood cells from patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Biomedical subjects
P Schenk
Publications and source records attributed to P Schenk.
Erythrophagocytosis in Kaposi's sarcoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
The ultrastructural morphology of Kaposi's sarcoma of the oral mucosa in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was examined electron-microscopically. Neoplastic spindle cells and vascular endothelial tumor cells are frequently involved in the phagocytosis of extravasated erythrocytes. Pericytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and other phagocytic cells of the tumor stroma also participate in this process. Erythrocytes are also phagocytized by some of the keratinocytes belonging to the intact surface epithelium covering the Kaposi's sarcoma lesion. Both the phenomenon of erythrophagocytosis and the presence of tubuloreticular structures in the cytoplasm of Kaposi's sarcoma cells in patients with AIDS seem to be prominent ultrastructural markers and thus of diagnostic value.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Tubuloreticular structures in Kaposi's sarcoma: a comparison of the classical and AIDS-associated forms.
The ultrastructural morphology of both the classical and the AIDS-associated forms of Kaposi's sarcoma was examined electron-microscopically. Tubuloreticular structures were found only in the AIDS-associated form of Kaposi's sarcoma, and not in the classical variant of the tumor. Moreover, the tubuloreticular structures, 20-30 nm in diameter, were present in very high numbers and in two different forms: the loosely intertwined tubuli, which were clearly predominant; and those forming a more compact pattern. These findings suggest that the presence of tubuloreticular structures may well be an ultrastructural marker for diagnosing AIDS and AIDS-associated disorders.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Ultrastructural morphology of Kaposi sarcoma of the head and neck in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)].
The ultrastructural morphology of Kaposi's sarcoma in the skin and mucous membranes of the head and neck regions of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was examined electron microscopically. It was found that the tumour consisted of neoplastic spindle cell aggregates, vascular endothelial cell proliferations and an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Not only abnormal blood vessel endothelial proliferations, but also irregular lymphatic luminal formations were observed. Moreover, tubuloreticular structures, helical polysomes, giant multivesicular bodies as well as test-tube and ring-shaped forms were found in the tumour cells. Erythrophagocytosis in various stages including ultimately the production of siderosomes was also seen. There was also some mitotic activity in the tumour cells. Retroviruses of 100-120 nm, morphologically identical to HTLV-III, were budding from the plasma membrane of some of the Kaposi's sarcoma cells. As these retroviruses are able to replicate in Kaposi's sarcoma cells without having a clear relation to the tumourogenesis, the characterisation as well as quantification of the virus-producing cells may well prove highly relevant.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[The Helium-neon laser effect on skin and oral mucosal tissue].
The biological effects of the helium-neon (He-Ne) laser on skin and oral mucosa were examined for the first time electron microscopically. Canine epidermis, gingiva and sublingual regions were subjected to treatment by the helium-neon laser with varying exposure times. The exposed tissues were excised immediately after radiation and studied with an electron microscope. Depending on the exposure times, ultrastructural alterations were observed such as cytoplasmic vesiculation and vacuolization, mitochondrial changes, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi cisternae and other endomembranes of the keratinocytes. Furthermore, ultrastructural changes were seen in stromal cells, endothelial cells of the blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, muscle cells and in the extracellular compartment of the lamina propria. The ultrastructural alterations of different cell and tissue structures following helium-neon laser radiation were compared with the effects induced by other types of lasers. The results are discussed in light of the stimulation of biological cell processes by low-energy lasers.
Animals↗
Ultrastructure of Kaposi's sarcoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
We used electron microscopy to examine the ultrastructural morphology of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) of the oral mucosa in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The tumors manifested endothelial vascular proliferation and neoplastic spindle cell formations. The endothelial tumor cells contained several multivesicular bodies and a large number of tubuloreticular structures within the endoplasmic reticulum. Ultrastructural changes in the other cytoplasmic organelles included defective cell junctions that seemed to facilitate the migration and extravasation of erythrocytes through endothelial gaps, after which erythrophagocytosis occurred. Tumor cells contained viral particles which were 100-120 nm in diameter and contained dense cylindrical cores. We believe that this is the first time these particles have been identified in KS cells of the oral mucosa in patients with AIDS. These viral particles are also ultrastructurally identical to the human T-cell lymphotropic retroviruses subgroup HTLV-III. Our observations are discussed in the light of recent immunological findings.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Liposomes from hydrogenated egg yolk lecithin].
Egg yolk lecithin is a lipid, frequently been used for the liposome preparation. Such liposomes, however, are sensitive to oxidation and relatively permeable to encapsulated substances. The catalytic hydrogenation of egg yolk lecithin is one possibility to modify the properties mentioned. The authors deal with preparation and characterization of hydrogenated egg yolk lecithin. Liposomes from native and hydrogenated egg yolk lecithin--also in combination with cholesterol--are compared. Liposomes with hydrogenated egg yolk lecithin as phospholipid component exhibit a significantly increased encapsulation capacity and an essentially improved stability. The permeation of electrolytes, carboxyfluorescein and of the cytostatic drug daunorubicin is studied.
Animals↗
Tubuloreticular structures in laryngeal carcinoma.
Tubuloreticular structures (TRS) were observed electron microscopically in stroma cells of human laryngeal carcinoma. The TRS appeared as networks of membranous tubules 20-30 nm in diameter, which were always situated in dilations of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The presence of TRS was observed not only in cells situated in the tumour stroma, but also in some stroma cells which had migrated to the carcinomatous epithelium. However, they were not found in malignant keratinocytes. In some places, incomplete forms of TRS may be observed, which in earlier reports have been referred to as worm-like or comma-shaped bodies. These incomplete forms of TRS, which are clearly shown to arise contiguous to the ER cisternae, may represent different developmental stages of TRS morphogenesis rather than disintegration steps. The observations indicate that the TRS - seen in various disorders such as viral, neoplastic, and auto-immune diseases - may well represent a common reaction pattern of the ER system of the host cell.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
Occurrence of short-sized oligo(A) fragments during course of cell cycle and ageing.
Affinity chromatography of nucleic acids precipitated by N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium bromide on poly(U)-Sepharose has proved to be a suitable method for a nearly quantitative isolation of oligo(A) sequences down to a chain length of 4 nucleotide units. Analysis of short oligo(A) fragments in synchronized L5178y mouse lymphoma cells after labeling with [3H]Ado revealed that the percentage of A2-6 sequences on the total radioactivity amounted in S-phase cells to 1.6%, while the value obtained for the stationary L-cell system was 8.0%. The alterations of occurrence and chain length distribution of short oligo(A) fragments during ageing were studied in two age groups of female quails: mature (250-320 days old) and senescent animals (3-3.5 yr old). It was found that the amount of low molecular weight oligo(A) fragments gradually decreases during ageing of the animals; the amount in the mature animal group was significantly higher (6-fold) than in the old animal group. The decreased amounts of oligo(A) during S phase and ageing could in part be due to posttranslational modification of enzymes involved in poly(A) metabolism. It could be demonstrated that both homogeneous poly(A) anabolic poly(A) polymerase and homogeneous poly(A) catabolic endoribonuclease IV are phosphorylated by nuclear protein kinase NI.
Adenine Nucleotides↗
[Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita--manifestations in otorhinolaryngology].
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is a rare acquired mechanobullous disorder which in contrast to the other types of epidermolysis bullosa is not hereditary. Skin lesions and, for the first time, lesions of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and oesophagus were studied by light and electron microscopic and immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic methods. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated linear IgG and complement deposits along the basement membrane zone. Electron microscopy of skin and mucosa revealed a dermolytic subbasal-lamina type of blister formation, diminished and rudimentary anchoring fibrils, and a zone of amorphous material beneath the basal lamina (lamina densa). Immunoelectron microscopic studies demonstrated the deposition of immunoglobulins in the amorphous zone beneath the basal lamina along the dermal-epidermal junction. The results are discussed in terms of current immunological findings.
Adult↗
[Ultrastructural changes of endoplasmic reticulum in malignant keratinocytes of laryngeal carcinoma].
The alterations in ultrastructure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx were studied by electron microscopy. In some malignant keratinocytes the ER cisternae become aggregated into stacks forming paired or compound ER. If two or more ER elements aggregate, the inner apposing lamellae lose their ribosome particles. Simultaneously, the electron density of the inner lamellae and of the intercisternal material increases. These paired ER cisternae can frequently be observed associated with the nuclear envelope in mitotic cells, but they can also occur in interphase cells. C-shaped paired ER profiles in association with mitochondria and various cylindrical ER structures were also observed. Further, dilation, vesiculation, disorganization, and association of the ER with different cytoplasmic organelles was also seen. The observed results are compared with other reported ER changes and the significance of these changes in the neoplastic ergastoplasm is discussed.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
[Lysosomes in invasive laryngeal cancer].
The occurrence, distribution, morphology and enzymatic activity of lysosomes in malignant keratinocytes of laryngeal carcinoma was studied by electron microscopy and ultrastructural cytochemistry. Lysosomes can be observed in various forms: dense bodies, multivesicular bodies, myelin bodies and residual bodies. The acid phosphatase activity varied both with regard to intensity and staining pattern. Specific reaction product in lysosomes is present in the cell cortex and in cytoplasmic processes of basal carcinoma cells. Extra-cellular localization of acid phosphatase was also observed at the tumor-stroma junction. The enzyme cytochemical and morphological results are discussed in relations to current concepts of lysosomal enzymatic activity in tumor cells. The findings suggest, that extra-cellular secretion of lysosomal enzymes may play an important role in facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis.
Acid Phosphatase↗
[Ultrastructural basal lamina alterations at the tumor-stroma junction in invasive laryngeal carcinoma (author's transl)].
The tumor-stroma junction of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx was examined by electron microscopy. Ultrastructural alterations of the basal lamina and associated hemidesmosomes were observed. The basal lamina was very thin, discontinuous or absent from extensive areas of the junction. Some basal malignant keratinocytes exhibited deep dermal invaginations or multiple irregularly shaped infoldings of the plasma membrane which were studded with hemidesmosomes and were covered by a basal lamina. Other structural changes were the occurrence of a basal lamina on lateral cell surfaces in the intercellular space between adjacent malignant keratinocytes. These results are discussed in connection with the possible barrier function of the basal lamina during tumor invasion of the underlying stroma. The observations indicate that disruption of the basal lamina should not be regarded as an ultrastructural criterion for tumor invasion in laryngeal carcinoma.
Basement Membrane↗
[The value of serum thyroglobulin determination in the after-care of patients with differentiated thyroid neoplasms].
Plasma thyroglobulin (Tg) was determined by radioimmunoassay in 219 patients with differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland after treatment by total thyreoidectomy and at least 2 131I therapies with a total of 170 mC. Of 145 patients without residual thyroid tissue and a negative whole body scan, 6 patients exhibited significant Tg levels. It remains unclear whether these individuals will develop recurrency later on. Of 23 patients with proven metastases, 14 had extremely high Tg concentrations of greater than 1000 ng/ml. In 6 cases Tg was between 20 and 280 ng/ml and in 3 individuals Tg levels below 10 ng/ml were measured. The reason for low Tg concentrations in some patients with proven metastases is unknown. At present plasma Tg measurements therefore cannot be recommended as substitution for whole body scanning. However, plasma Tg is an important additional parameter in the follow-up of patients with differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase in human laryngeal carcinoma.
The subcellular distribution of acid phosphatase in malignant keratinocytes of invasive laryngeal carcinoma was studied by ultrastructureal cytochemistry. The reaction product was localized in Golgi, ER, and some cytoplasmic vesicles. Acid phosphatase activity was also observed in lysosomal structures in the cortical cytoplasm of basal carcinoma cells. Extracellular acid phohphatase activity also occurred at the tumor-stroma junction in membrane-bound vesicular structures. The localization of acid phosphatase in this report is discussed in relation to acid phosphatase activity in other tumors. The findings lend further support to the important role of hydrolytic enzyme release in respect to tumor invasion into surrounding tissues.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Intracytoplasmic desmosomes in malignant keratinocytes of laryngeal carcinoma.
In this communication the presence and ultrastructural morphology of intracytoplasmic desmosomes is demonstrated in laryngeal carcinoma. The intracytoplasmic desmosomes observed here closely resemble those found in normal epithelia. The intracellular location of the intracytoplasmic desmosomes was demonstrated by the cytoplasmic continuity around one or both ends of the lateral membranes. The removal of desmosomal structures from the cell surface resulting in the formation of intracytoplasmic desmosomes may further contribute to the loss of intercellular contract in carcinoma cells.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
Gap junctions in laryngeal carcinoma.
The ultrastructural morphology of gap junctions in malignant keratinocytes of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the human larynx was studied by electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of gap junctions in the malignant keratinocytes was similar to the typical intercellular gap junctions described in normal tissues. In human laryngeal carcinoma, however, the gap junctions were noticeably reduced in number as compared to normal epithelia. Spherical intracytoplasmic structures limited by gap junctional membranes were also found. These annular gap junctions arise by invagination of the cell surface membrane. The loss of gap junctions in laryngeal carcinoma is probably one of the many prerequisites which facilitate tumor invasion.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
Effect of CO2 laser on skin lymphatics. An ultrastructural study.
The effects of a CO2 laser on lymphatics and small blood vessels were studied by electron microscopy. Laser incisions were made on white rats at different sites of the skin and of the mucous membranes. Electron microscopically, three zones of the lased tissue were observed: the first superficial layer consisted of a carbonized skeletal rest; the second layer was an area of coagulative necrosis; the third and deepest layer was characterized by edema of varying degrees. Small blood vessels were completely filled with erythrocyte fragments leading to an apparent occlusion of the vessels. On the other hand, lymphatic vessels of comparable size seemed to be less damaged and their lumina appeared to be open and not occluded. Our results indicate that in tumor surgery with the laser scalpel, the propagation of cellular material, e.g. tumor cells, cannot be excluded with certainty.
Animals↗