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Biomedical subjects

P Schiano

Publications and source records attributed to P Schiano.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Coronary angioplasty using 5 or 6 F guide catheters. Results of a comparative, monocentric, prospective randomized study].

Improvement of balloon and stent profile allows to use smaller-diameter catheters to avoid vascular complications by reduce the size of puncture site. First studies using 5 F guiding catheters showed good results in term of safety and feasibility. The authors performed a prospective, randomised study to define exactly the place of such small catheter compared to 6 F approach. One hundred forty eight patients were randomised, 77 in the 5 F group. The success rate per lesions was not significantly different but was less in the 5 F group (91.1 vs 96.5%). The crossover to 6 F allows good results in mainly cases. Limitations are unstable back up, worse opacification, and inability to use covered stent and to treat bifurcation lesions. There are no advantages in term of vascular complications. So, these catheters seem to be limited to treat simple lesion, allowing using the same sheath immediately after coronarography, but these results must be confirmed in a large, multicentric study.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Coronary dissection associated with exercise: unusual cause of myocardial infarction].

A case of coronary artery dissection occurring immediately after weight training is reported in a young adult with no cardiovascular risk factor. The patient had an anterior myocardial infarction treated by primary coronary angioplasty and stenting. Other rare but similar cases have been reported in the literature with a generally poor prognosis. The physiopathological mechanisms acting during exercise or the immediate recovery period are thought to be either trauma of the arterial wall by the myocardium itself or coronary artery spasm. Present management of this condition is based on coronary angioplasty with stenting.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Anticoagulation strategy in coronary angioplasty].

The explosion in the number of angioplasties rapidly imposed a necessary compromise between effective anticoagulation during the procedure to prevent thrombotic phenomena, related mainly to the use of foreign intravascular materials, and the limitation of haemorrhagic complications, the corollary to this type of treatment. Modern universally accepted protocols, the fruit of over 20 years' experience, are described by the authors. However, the constant progress in the management of acute coronary syndromes and the increasing use of new anticoagulant and antiaggregant molecules imply an obligatory adaptation of the use of heparin in all its forms, which should be based on irrefutable scientific evidence: the preliminary results are then discussed. Finally, future trends will be outlined with the development of new, better targeted sites of anticoagulation which may provide optimal safety in the medium term.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed2001

Transition of Mount Etna lavas from a mantle-plume to an island-arc magmatic source.

Mount Etna lies near the boundary between two regions that exhibit significantly different types of volcanism. To the north, volcanism in the Aeolian island arc is thought to be related to subduction of the Ionian lithosphere. On Sicily itself, however, no chemical or seismological evidence of subduction-related volcanism exists, and so it is thought that the volcanism-including that on Mount Etna itself-stems from the upwelling of mantle material, associated with various surface tectonic processes. But the paucity of geological evidence regarding the primary composition of magma from Mount Etna means that its source characteristics remain controversial. Here we characterize the trace-element composition of a series of lavas emitted by Mount Etna over the past 500 kyr and preserved as melt inclusions inside olivine phenocrysts. We show that the compositional change in primary magmas from Mount Etna reflects a progressive transition from a predominantly mantle-plume source to one with a greater contribution from island-arc (subduction-related) basalts. We suggest that this is associated with southward migration of the Ionian slab, which is becoming juxtaposed with a mantle plume beneath Sicily. This implies that the volcanism of Mount Etna has become more calc-alkaline, and hence more explosive, during its evolution.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Oxygen-isotope evidence for recycled crust in the sources of mid-ocean-ridge basalts

Mid-ocean-ridge basalts (MORBs) are the most abundant terrestrial magmas and are believed to form by partial melting of a globally extensive reservoir of ultramafic rocks in the upper mantle. MORBs vary in their abundances of incompatible elements (that is, those that partition into silicate liquids during partial melting) and in the isotopic ratios of several radiogenic isotope systems. These variations define a spectrum between 'depleted' and 'enriched' compositions, characterized by respectively low and high abundances of incompatible elements. Compositional variations in the sources of MORBs could reflect recycling of subducted crustal materials into the source reservoir, or any of a number of processes of intramantle differentiations. Variations in (18)O/(16)O (principally sensitive to the interaction of rocks with the Earth's hydrosphere) offer a test of these alternatives. Here we show that (18)O/(16)O ratios of MORBs are correlated with aspects of their incompatible-element chemistry. These correlations are consistent with control of the oxygen-isotope and incompatible-element geochemistry of MORBs by a component of recycled crust that is variably distributed throughout their upper mantle sources.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

[Alcohol and rhythm disorders].

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality in chronic alcoholics. There is a clear association between excessive alcohol consumption and the risk of sudden cardiac death. The pro-arrhythmogenic effect of ethanol could be responsible for some of these cases of arrhythmia and sudden death in subjects with an alcoholic cardiomyopathy and also in those with an apparently normal heart. In any case of supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmia in a chronic alcoholic or in an occasional heavy drinker, the potential role of alcohol consumption in the initiation of these disorders should be considered. In all cases, patient management consists of detoxification and abstaining from alcohol consumption, but the withdrawal period is particularly critical as regards the risk of ventricular arrhythmias.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1981

The interaction of hemispheric preference, laterality, and sex in the perception of emotional tone and verbal content.

Twenty male and 20 female subjects, divided into those who showed a right or left hemispheric preference, listened to auditory messages with conflicting verbal content and emotional tone. The messages were presented to each ear to determine whether the effect of hemisphere of input on the evaluation of the messages was modified by hemispheric preference. Except for left preference males, subjects responded on the basis of preference rather than laterality.

Dominance, Cerebral↗