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Biomedical subjects

P Schreiber

Publications and source records attributed to P Schreiber.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

High mortality rate associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection in Belgian white blue calves previously vaccinated with an inactivated BRSV vaccine.

In a group of 60 Belgian White Blue calves less than 8 months old still housed in barns, a bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) outbreak was revealed on the basis of a direct diagnosis (immunofluorescence and virus isolation) performed on the lungs of dead animals, and the kinetics of BRSV neutralizing antibodies. Clinical signs, macroscopical and microscopical pulmonary lesions were also compatible with a BRSV infection. This outbreak is peculiar because the 35 oldest calves (204 +/- 29 days old) had been vaccinated 3-4 months before with an inactivated BRSV vaccine and 30% of these animals had died of respiratory distress. While they experienced a mild respiratory symptomatology, no death was recorded among the 25 youngest calves (69 +/- 29 days old) which had been left unvaccinated. Another peculiarity was found at the histological level where a massive infiltration of eosinophils was demonstrated in the pulmonary tissues of the dead animals. Together these data parallel the dramatic story described 30 years ago in children previously vaccinated with a formalin-inactivated human RSV (HRSV) vaccine upon a natural HRSV challenge. This illustrates that an immunopathological phenomenon also takes place after BRSV vaccination in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence of bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection in Belgian white blue cattle in southern Belgium.

A study was conducted in Southern Belgium to determine the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection in Belgian White Blue herds. Blood samples were taken from 9685 cattle, representing all the stock on 61 farms, by local veterinarians to screen for persistently infected animals and to determine their serological status against BVDV. Some of the herds (42.5%) were selected because of a prior positive diagnosis of BVDV or on the grounds of suspicion of BVD. A capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test for antigen. The prevalence of persistently infected animals was 0.75% overall and 1.46% in the 27 herds with at least one persistently infected animal. The prevalence of seropositive animals was determined with a competitive antibody ELISA and was found to be 65.5% for the animals as a whole but 53.8% for the herds without positively infected animals and 76.6% for the herds with at least one such animal. All the herds contained seropositive animals.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1996

On a simple model of low-frequency vibrations in DNA macromolecules.

A simple quasi-continuity model of low-frequency dynamics of DNA macromolecules is presented. The model is based on the phenomenological theory by Volkov and Kosevich (J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 8, 1069 (1991)). We propose improvements to their theory by correcting the model energy and corresponding equations of motion, recalculating the model DNA parameters, and estimating the effects of hydration and counterion binding on the masses of DNA subunits. Comparing the calculated low-frequency vibration spectrum and the results of classical Raman scattering experiments from the literature, the values for the model force constants are determined. These values differ significantly from the estimations made by Volkov and Kosevich. A good quantitative agreement with experiment can be obtained both for the case when the "25 cm-1 mode" is an external one, and when it is considered as an intrahelical mode. Problems connected with the qualitative assignments of the calculated and experimentally observed modes are discussed.

DNA↗
PubMed1994

Malignant bile-duct obstruction: experience with self-expanding metal endoprostheses (Wallstents) in Austria.

Fifty-two patients in nine Austrian hospitals were treated with biliary self-expanding metal endoprostheses (Wallstents) for malignant biliary obstruction, and followed up retrospectively using questionnaires, answered by the endoscopists. Stent placement was successful in all patients. The technical failure rate at the first attempt was 7.7%, and stenting-associated mortality was 3.8% due to mispositioning of stents, leading in two cases to death. The 30-day mortality was 13.5%, and early complications occurred in 15.4%. The median survival was 216 days, and the median stent patency was 291 days. During follow-up, stent occlusion was observed in ten patients, acute cholangitis in 12 patients, acute pancreatitis in three patients, acute cholecystitis in one patient, and duodenal ulceration due to stent erosion in one patient. Routine use of biliary self-expanding metal endoprostheses by averagely experienced endoscopists can be recommended. Attention has to be paid to the correct placement of the guidewire and stent.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Changes in perceived finger force produced by muscular contractions under isometric and anisometric conditions.

We compared matching of finger forces under isometric conditions with matching of forces produced against a spring load (anisometric conditions) in twenty normal subjects. The instruction was to generate the same force in both hands holding a grip between thumb and index finger in each hand. Visual feedback indicating the target force and the actual force applied were presented for one (reference) hand only. The forces produced in each hand were measured continuously during matching trials. A special device provided the opportunity to change from isometric to anisometric force production. Matching was required under symmetric conditions, in which force was generated in both hands either isometrically or anisometrically, as well as under asymmetric conditions in which isometric force has to be matched to anisometric force or the reverse. Under symmetric conditions matching error was consistently smaller in anisometric than in isometric force production. However, the striking feature was a severe mismatch between hands when forces had to be produced differently. For most subjects, a force generated against the spring load in the reference hand was greatly overestimated by the matching hand working isometrically. For the reverse condition consistent underestimations were observed. This effect cannot be attributed to left/right differences or a simple confusion of subjects in the asymmetric tasks. Some of the factors confounded with the conditions of force production were ruled out as an explanation by additional experimental controls. The mismatch neither depends on signals related to different finger positions associated with target forces nor is it alleviated when differently produced forces are matched sequentially.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Health and handicap profile of patients with cerebrovascular diseases in an inpatient rehabilitation center].

In order to get more precise information on the staffing and structural capacities needed in the care and rehabilitative treatment of patients with cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), the profiles of illness and disability were studied retrospectively on the basis of the medical histories of CVD patients who had been treated at a neurological rehabilitation centre in 1987 and had mostly come from the facility's assigned catchment area. Due to insufficient documentation of certain profile data in the patients histories, the same data were recorded in a complementary study for all patients in this target population admitted in the first half of 1988. The classification of patients into nursing care categories, already practiced in everyday clinical routines, turned out a valid global estimate for the total nursing, medical and therapeutic efforts required in the individual patient. A high correlation exists between the nursing care category assigned and the numbers of necessary care interventions as well as functional disorders requiring rehabilitative attention. The nursing care interventions needed concentrate on certain situations during the day, which has to be taken into account in staff planning. Given the multitude of impairments and disabilities seen, comprehensive management in a neurological rehabilitation unit presupposes a team of diverse diagnostic and therapeutic specialists, which, apart from medical specialists and nursing staff, should at least comprise physio- and Occupational Therapists, neuro-linguistic or logopedic specialists, as well as psychologists. In view of the high incidence of accompanying internal diseases, a stroke rehabilitation unit must have access to an internal medical service at least on a consultancy basis, and available on an extended time scale.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

[Comments on specific early rehabilitation of patients with severe craniocerebral trauma].

The considerable advances made in the rescue and intensive care fields have entailed drastically increased numbers of survivors of severe head injury. Because of ethical reasons alone, the call for early rehabilitation of patients with persistent vegetative state post-trauma appears justified. Aside lifesaving intensive medical care in the acute phase, available empirical studies have so far not been able to provide evidence for the superiority of specific early rehabilitation measures. Clinicians lack pragmatic decision-making aids in the question of how long patients should be treated in the acute clinic. Nursing homes currently are no alternative, as they will hardly ever be equipped in a manner enabling them to cope with the considerable nursing requirements posed by these patients.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1982

Coexistence of lichen planus and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Three cases of the simultaneous occurrence of lichen planus (LP) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are presented. Each patient had clinical, histologic, and immunopathologic LP. Additionally, each patient had clinical SLE that fulfilled the American Rheumatism Association criteria for the diagnosis of SLE. The clinical manifestations of SLE were predominantly cutaneous. The three patients had positive lupus band test and high titers of antinuclear antibodies. One patient had vitiligo in addition to SLE and LP. LP and SLE have common clinical, histologic, and immunopathologic features. It is possible that a common agent (or agents) may cause either disease or the overlap syndrome, depending on the immunogenetic predisposition of the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Automatic storage for the analysis of audiometric values (author's transl)].

An analysis by means of electronic data-processing is necessary at audiometric surveys because of the great number of audiometric values. To clear off the dates of the audiometric curves is long-winded and therefore expensive. That's the reason why we developed an operating system which allows to store on recording tape the dates of the Hearing Threshold Level and some extra informations about the test person immediately at the survey. The Hearing Threshold has to be appointed in a manner which is usually practiced in the clinic. We have described the setup of the unit and the graphic representation of the audiometric curves by means of a XY-recorder. The system has proved to be a success at the survey of 1,300 employees working in noisy areas. The analysis of the Hearing Threshold Levels could take place immediately after the investigation.

Audiometry↗