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Biomedical subjects

P Seeldrayers

Publications and source records attributed to P Seeldrayers.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Long-term follow up of glatiramer acetate compassionate use in Belgium.

Between June 1995 and November 1998, 228 patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis started treatment with glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) 20 mg once daily in the frame of a "compassionate use" protocol in 15 Belgian centers. Following an average treatment period of 5.8 years, treating neurologists were requested to fill in follow-up forms indicating neurological disability status and side effects during the previous 6 months. These data were available for 134 patients. In this group, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) improved in 26.3% of patients. An additional 36.8% of patients remained neurologically stable. The Ambulation Index (AI) showed similar results: 12.5% of patients improved, 50% of patients remained stable, and 37.5% worsened. Only 10% of patients dropped out due to several reasons. The adverse events occurring in the period preceding the follow-up survey were non-serious and consistent with the current product information of glatiramer acetate. Among the 94 patients no longer followed-up in the compassionate program, reasons for lost to follow-up were obtained for 63; most of them (41) had stopped GA treatment or switched to another disease-modifying treatment. Overall these results are very similar to the ones reported in the extension study of the pivotal trial (Johnson et al., 2000), and indicate that patients treated with glatiramer acetate have a better outcome than expected on the basis of the natural course of the disease. Despite limitations of the study design, this report confirms the sustained efficacy of glatiramer acetate in reducing the disease progression in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated in day-to-day clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effects of the oral form of ondansetron on cerebellar dysfunction. A multi-center double-blind study.

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and the safety of ondansetron administered orally in patients with a cerebellar disorder. The study was a randomised, multi-center, double-blind trial. The patients were randomised either to oral ondansetron 8 mg or to placebo twice daily for seven days. Cerebellar dysfunction was quantified before and after treatment using the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). We performed a global analysis (total scores), we analysed by subscores (4 subscores: oculomotor, speech, kinetic, postural) and subgroups (4 subgroups: Cerebellar Cortical Atrophy (CCA), Multiple Systemic Atrophy (MSA), Familial Cerebellar Degeneration (FCD) and miscellaneous cerebellar disorders), and we also performed an analysis by individual test items. We investigated whether ondansetron and placebo had different effects upon ICARS total scores and subscores in the 4 subgroups considered together or separately. For p values < 0.05, we subsequently applied the Mann-Whitney test to compare ondansetron and placebo effect for each individual item. We evaluated 45 of the 46 patients included. No effect was found in global analysis. We found no difference in the analysis of the ICARS subscores. Concerning the individual test items, there was a significant difference between the placebo and ondansetron for the finger-to-nose test (p = 0.049), the Heel-to-Knee test (HK); (p = 0.03), the Body Sway Eyes Closed (p = 0.017) and the Body Sway Eyes Open (BSEO); (p = 0.014). There was no significant difference for tremor in upper limbs (p = 0.32) or for gait (p = 0.49). The Mann-Whitney test showed a greater effect of ondansetron than placebo for BSEO in miscellaneous disorders (p = 0.013) and for HK in FCD (p = 0.036), but ondansetron was deleterious for HK in CCA (p = 0.019). Our study showed no effect of oral ondansetron on global cerebellar dysfunction. The analysis by subgroups showed that the oral form of ondansetron (a) is deleterious for coordination in patients with CCA, (b) has no effect upon tremor in upper limbs, and (c) has a mild effect upon posture and coordination in lower limbs in some subgroups of ataxic diseases.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomised study.

BACKGROUND: Interferon beta reduces activity in multiple sclerosis as measured clinically and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We assessed the effect of interferon beta-1a on the occurrence of relapses in patients after first presentation with neurological events, who are at high risk of conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. METHODS: Eligible patients had had a first episode of neurological dysfunction suggesting multiple sclerosis within the previous 3 months and had strongly suggestive brain MRI findings. Patients were randomly assigned interferon beta-1a 22 microg or placebo subcutaneously once weekly for 2 years. Neurological and clinical assessments were done every 6 months and brain MRI every 12 months. Analyses excluded one patient assigned placebo who received no study injections. FINDINGS: 241 (78%) of 308 randomised patients received study treatment for 2 years; 278 (90%) remained in the study until termination. 57 (85%) of 67 who stopped therapy did so after conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Fewer patients developed clinically definite multiple sclerosis in the interferon group than in the placebo group (52/154 [34%] vs 69/154 [45%]; p=0.047). The time at which 30% of patients had converted to clinically definite multiple sclerosis was 569 days in the interferon group and 252 in the placebo group (p=0.034). The annual relapse rates were 0.33 and 0.43 (p=0.045). The number of new T2-weighted MRI lesions and the increase in lesion burden were significantly lower with active treatment. INTERPRETATION: Interferon beta-1a treatment at an early stage of multiple sclerosis had significant positive effects on clinical and MRI outcomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Experience of 6 years with multiple sclerosis].

The MS clinics of Brussels and Charleroi have been in existence six years. This paper presents a review of our experience, during this period, of the current MS treatments, as well as a follow-up of those patients who participated in various European clinical studies.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Rhythmic cortical and muscle discharges induced by fatigue in corticobasal degeneration.

We describe a patient presenting clinical features of corticobasal degeneration (CBD), including reflex myoclonus in the left upper limb. This patient complained of a marked worsening of involuntary movements in the left upper limb after exercise. We analysed the electrophysiological characteristics of myoclonus in the basal state and after a fatiguing exercise in the left upper limb. In the basal condition, single trials recording EEG showed a cortical complex occurring 20 ms after stimulation of the left median nerve. Surface EMG recordings of the left first dorsal interosseous (FDI) revealed an isolated biphasic C1 response 49 ms after stimulation. After exercise, single trials recording EEG following shocks to the left median nerve showed rhythmic complexes with a duration of approximately 80 ms. EEG complexes were made of a series of 3 bursts, with intervals between bursts tending to cluster at approximately 22 ms. These rhythmic complexes were associated with repetitive activity in the left FDI. We conclude that rhythmic cortical and muscle discharges can be induced by fatigue in CBD.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed1999

[The role of interferon beta in the treatment of multiple sclerosis].

Because of the demonstration for the first time of a measurable effect on magnetic resonance imaging, the publication in 1993 of the results of the American trial of interferon beta-1b in multiple sclerosis constituted a turning point in the history of multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. Although many questions subsist concerning its optimal use, it has become a standard in the treatment of relapsing remitting MS to which new and old drugs will have to be compared. It seemed therefore meaningful to review the results obtained with recombinant interferon beta-1b and the more recently developed interferon beta-1a, and to place them in the context of the other immunomodulatory treatments currently offered in MS.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1995

Circulating adhesion molecules and tumor necrosis factor receptor in multiple sclerosis: correlation with magnetic resonance imaging.

Adhesion molecules are important in T-cell trafficking to sites of inflammation. We determined levels of circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), L-selectin, and E-selectin in the serum of 147 patients with definite multiple sclerosis of the remitting-relapsing or secondary progressive type. Soluble VCAM-1 and L-selectin concentrations were increased compared to levels in a large group of control subjects. Levels were highest in patients with gadolinium-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (VCAM-1: 1,011 +/- 276 vs 626 +/- 87 ng/ml; L-selectin: 1,130 +/- 272 vs 793 +/- 207 ng/ml [mean +/- standard deviation]; p < 0.0001 vs patients without enhancing lesions). Serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (60 kd) were also raised (2.64 +/- 1.23 vs 2.17 +/- 0.69 ng/ml in subjects with other neurological diseases and 2.1 +/- 0.77 ng/ml in healthy control subjects; p < 0.05). Soluble VCAM-1 and L-selectin levels were correlated to concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor. In 13 patients with viral encephalitis, similar observations were made. Raised levels of soluble VCAM-1 and L-selectin probably reflect cytokine-induced endothelial cell and T-lymphocyte/monocyte activation occurring in the process of T-cell migration into the central nervous system. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha may be critically involved.

Cell Adhesion Molecules↗
PubMed1995

Early treatment of multiple sclerosis with Rebif (recombinant human interferon beta): design of the study.

Two recent properly controlled trials performed in patients with relapsing-remitting MS have demonstrated that interferon beta substantially improves the evolution of the disease. The results of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trials suggest that early treatment of patients with isolated optic neuritis may delay the conversion to clinically definite MS (CDMS). Moreover, clinical trials in MS and in immune-mediated diseases indicate that better results are obtained in patients in the early phases of the disease. We present the design of a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of recombinant interferon beta (Rebif-Serono) in patients with a first attack suggestive of MS. The primary objective of the study is to investigate the efficacy of Rebif, administered subcutaneously at the dose of 8 million international units (MIU) once a week for 2 years, on the risk of developing CDMS.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1993

Soluble ICAM-1 serum levels in multiple sclerosis and viral encephalitis.

Intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1 has a crucial role in the induction of an immune response and is instrumental in migration of T cells into inflamed tissue. We studied soluble ICAM-1 concentrations in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), viral encephalitis, and other immunologic diseases, and compared results with those in other noninflammatory, nondemyelinating neurologic disorders as well as in healthy controls. MS patients with clinically active disease or enhancing lesions on MRI had elevated serum levels of soluble ICAM-1. Concentrations of soluble ICAM-1 were also increased in some patients with viral encephalitis. These findings raise the possibility that circulating ICAM-1 serves as a marker of acute inflammatory events in the brain and add to evidence implicating this adhesion molecule in the pathogenesis of MS.

Cell Adhesion Molecules↗
PubMed1991

An analysis of mast cell frequency in the rodent nervous system: numbers vary between different strains and can be reconstituted in mast cell-deficient mice.

There is evidence that nervous system mast cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of the experimental autoimmune demyelinating diseases, experimental allergic neuritis (EAN), and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). We compared mast cell numbers in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) of rodent strains that differed in their susceptibility to experimental demyelination. Mast cells were counted by toluidine blue staining of formalin-fixed tissue. Normal Lewis rats (susceptible to both EAN and EAE) had significantly greater numbers of mast cells in the dura mater (about 6x) of the meninges and the sciatic nerve (3x) than Brown Norway rats (resistant to EAE and EAN induction under normal circumstances). Similarly SJL/J mice (susceptible to EAE and EAN) had significantly greater numbers of CNS (3x) and PNS (8x) mast cells than C3H mice (more resistant to disease induction). Other mouse strains were also examined, and PNS mutant Trembler mice had high numbers of PNS mast cells, while the mast cell deficient W/Wv mice contained no detectable mast cells in either the CNS or PNS. Reconstitution of W/Wv mast cells was accomplished by intravenous injection of bone marrow cells from congenic littermates. After seven months, mast cells could be seen in both the CNS and PNS of reconstituted animals. The possibility that mast cells and mast cell precursors can migrate into the nervous system of animals, in the absence of inflammatory disease, may have implications for their role in the pathogenesis of experimental demyelinating diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

CSF levels of neurotransmitters in Alzheimer-type dementia. Effects of ergoloid mesylate.

The cerebrospinal fluid level of homovanilic acid (HVA), 5 hydroxyindolacetic acid (5HIAA) and 3 methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylglycol (MHPG) was determined twice at 12 to 15-day intervals in 23 patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD). No correlation was found with the degree of dementia as assessed by psychometric testing. In most of the patients, the CSF levels of 5HIAA, MHPG and to a lesser extent HVA were found to be rather stable within a period of 2 weeks. The observation of a decrease in the concentration of HVA but not of 5HIAA or MHPG in 10 out of 12 patients treated with ergoloid mesylate may therefore be of interest in elucidating the mechanism of action of this drug in ATD.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Myelin basic protein immunoreactivity in serum of neurosurgical patients.

Patients admitted to the neurosurgical wards for the management of nervous system tumours, subarachnoid and intracerebral haemorrhage, head injury, spinal and peripheral nerve lesions, and other miscellaneous neurosurgical conditions, were studied by assay of serum immunoreactivity for myelin basic protein. Of 171 patients, 70% proved to have elevated myelin basic protein activity. In cerebral cases the extent of brain damage assessed by clinical methods appeared to correlate with the appearance of elevated serum myelin basic protein. In spinal and peripheral nerve cases no similar elevation of myelin basic protein was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Diffuse meningocerebral angiodysplasia and adenovirus infection: an improbable relationship.

A case of diffuse meningocerebral angiodysplasia is described in which type 4 adenovirus was isolated from the brain biopsy. The pathological features were similar to those previously described by various authors (1,3,4,5) and were not indicative of an infective process. Status epilepticus in the presence of extensive arteriovenous shunting in this dysgenetic cerebromeningeal vasculature is probably responsible for the extensive necrosis observed in the cortex and white matter.

Adenoviridae Infections↗