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Biomedical subjects

P Shakespeare

Publications and source records attributed to P Shakespeare.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Burn wound healing and skin substitutes.

Burn wound healing is a complex process in the biological objectives and mechanisms defined by the initial injury. In this paper the use of keratinocytes as a skin substitute is used to illustrate some of the problems associated with the development and use of skin substitutes. Skin substitute development must always be viewed against the biological and clinical background in order to provide maximum assistance to the challenging task of treating burn wounds.

Burns↗
PubMed1995

Influence of a changed care environment on bacterial colonization of burn wounds.

This study investigated the influence of a conditioned care environment per se on bacterial colonization of burn wounds. Two cohorts of burn patients were treated in the successive years 1992 and 1993, the first group in a (permanent) purpose-designed unit and the second in wards of traditional 'open' design, during renovation of the unit. Patients who were admitted to the permanent and temporary units numbered 224 and 231 respectively, the groups being similar in features that generally influence the course and outcome of burn injuries. The principles and practice of treatment by the burn care team remained the same in both years. No significant difference in wound colonization rates was found between the two groups. We conclude that while the other known advantages of managing burn patients in purpose-designed units remain valid, a conditioned care environment per se does not influence bacterial colonization rates of burn wounds.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Measuring outcome in low-priority plastic surgery patients using Quality of Life indices.

292 patients with a variety of "low-priority" conditions completed the Health Measurement Questionnaire self-report instrument (HMQ) on admission for surgery, and again 6 months post-operation. Comparison of the two questionnaires permitted the change in Quality of Life (QoL) to be measured. Overall, of the respondents, 73% gained benefit from surgery in terms of improvement in QoL. The largest gains were in the breast surgery group, but there were individual patients in all groups who gained substantial improvement in QoL. The results suggest that the HMQ is a useful method of measuring benefit in patients admitted for low priority plastic surgery procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Conservative treatment of deep partial thickness hand burns--a long term audit of outcome.

Fourteen patients with 23 burned hands assessed as deep partial thickness were studied. Fourteen (61%) hands re-epithelialised within 3 weeks. A detailed hand assessment at a mean of 19 months post-injury was carried out. The functional outcome compared favourably with a group of matched normal controls. There was no statistically significant functional difference between the 7 late grafted hands and the 16 spontaneously healed hands except for total passive motion. Seventeen (74%) hands were considered by the patients to be functionally as good as before the injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of granulation-tissue-conditioned medium on the growth of human keratinocytes in-vitro.

Human keratinocyte cultures were seeded and grown for 24 hours in the presence of medium conditioned by exposure to granulation tissue and to normal tissue. The effects on cell proliferation were investigated by measurement of [3H]thymidine incorporation into cellular DNA. Keratinocyte growth was found to be markedly inhibited in the presence of granulation-tissue-conditioned medium (p much less than 0.05). Possible factors responsible for the inhibition have been investigated and the observations suggest that fibrin, or products derived from fibrin/fibrinogen may play a role in the suppression of cell growth.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1970

Glucose metabolism in the mucosa of the small intestine. Changes of hexokinase activity during perfusion of the proximal half of rat small intestine.

1. The effect of perfusion on the activities of hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase was studied in the proximal half of the small intestine of fed and starved rats. 2. Perfusion of preparations from starved rats with a medium containing glucose caused a significant increase in hexokinase activity of the particle-free supernatant. The increase in activity was observed as early as 5min after the start of perfusion and persisted for up to 66min of perfusion. No increase in hexokinase activity of the particle-free supernatant was observed when a medium containing mannitol was used. As a further control, preparations from fed rats were perfused under the same conditions. With the medium containing glucose, the hexokinase activity of the particle-free supernatant remained unchanged during the first 15min of perfusion and thereafter fell gradually until, after 66min of perfusion, 73% of the original activity was retained. 3. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the particle-free supernatant prepared from the proximal half of the untreated small intestine of starved rats was significantly lower than in corresponding preparations from fed animals. However, it did not change significantly on perfusion with media containing either mannitol or glucose. 4. The distribution of hexokinase activity between total particulate fraction and particle-free supernatant was measured in preparations from starved rats after perfusion for 5-10min. In preparations that had not been perfused the ratio of hexokinase activity in total particulate fraction/particle-free supernatant was significantly higher in starved than in fed animals. After perfusion with a medium containing glucose, the total homogenate activity had not changed significantly, whereas the ratio of hexokinase activity in total particulate fraction/particle-free supernatant decreased significantly and approached the value obtained with fed animals. 5. The results agree with the view that the glucose-dependent increase of hexokinase activity in the soluble cell compartment as observed in vivo and in vitro in the intestinal mucosa of starved rats is brought about by a release of hexokinase activity from a particulate subcellular structure(s).

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Glucose metabolism in the mucosa of the small intestine. The effect of glucose on hexokinase activity.

1. The effect of three dietary components on hexokinase activity in the mucosa of rat small intestine was studied in vivo. Glucose, amino acids or an emulsion of monoglyceride with long-chain fatty acids were given by stomach tube to previously starved rats, and hexokinase activity was determined in the particle-free supernatant of mucosal homogenates. The formation of lactate from glucose and glucose 6-phosphate respectively was also measured. 2. When the three dietary components were given in isocaloric amounts, only glucose brought about an increase in hexokinase activity. 3. Intravenous injection of a similar amount of glucose to that given orally did not alter hexokinase activity. 4. An increase in the hexokinase activity of the particle-free supernatant prepared from mucosal homogenates was also observed after sacs of the small intestine of starved rats had been incubated in vitro in a medium containing glucose. Hexokinase activity increased to the values observed in corresponding preparations from fed rats, and this increase was strictly glucose-dependent.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1968

Glucose metabolism in the mucosa of the small intestine. A study of hexokinase activity.

1. The intracellular distribution of hexokinase activity was studied in the mucosa of rat and guinea-pig small intestine. In the rat 60% and in the guinea pig 45% of the hexokinase activity of homogenates were recovered in a total particulate fraction that contained only 5-17% of the homogenate activity of hexose phosphate isomerase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and overall glycolysis (formation of lactate from glucose). 2. Fractionation of homogenates from guineapig small intestine showed that the particulate hexokinase activity was chiefly in the mitochondrial fraction with a small proportion in the nuclei plus brush-border fraction. 3. After chromatography of the particle-free supernatants on DEAE-cellulose, hexokinase types I and II were determined quantitatively. No evidence was obtained for the presence of hexokinase type III or glucokinase. In the preparations from guinea pigs, hexokinase types I and II amounted to 69% and 31% respectively of the eluted activity; the corresponding values for preparations from rats were 5.8% and 94.2%. 4. Total and specific hexokinase activities decreased significantly in homogenates and particle-free supernatants prepared from the intestinal mucosa of rats starved for 36hr. and increased again after re-feeding. The decrease in hexokinase activity in the particle-free supernatant from starved rats was chiefly due to a decrease in the type II enzyme.

Aldehyde-Lyases↗