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Biomedical subjects

P Shetty

Publications and source records attributed to P Shetty.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Human umbilical cord blood serum can replace fetal bovine serum in the culture of mesenchymal stem cells.

The potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to differentiate into different cell types has opened up the possibility of using these cells clinically to treat a variety of disorders. In this study we describe the use of human umbilical cord blood serum (CBS) as a replacement for fetal bovine serum (FBS) for culturing MSC from different sources. MSC from human and swine bone marrow and human umbilical cord blood were cultured in the presence of DMEM/F12 containing either FBS or CBS. Human MSC cultured in presence of FBS or CBS showed typical fibroblast-like morphology, which is characteristic of MSC. 99% of the cells cultured in FBS had a CD73+/CD105+/CD45- phenotype compared to 96% of cells cultured in CBS. Cells cultured in CBS had a significantly higher cell count as compared to cells cultured in FBS. Swine Bone Marrow MSC cultured in the presence of FBS and CBS were morphologically and phenotypically similar. Human umbilical cord blood serum supports the growth of MSC. While no significant differences were observed in the MSC numbers in swine cells cultured in the presence of FBS or CBS, human cells showed a greater proliferation potential in the presence of CBS as compared to FBS. Therefore, CBS can be used as an effective substitute to FBS for developing clinically useful protocols for culturing MSC.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Body weight perception among Bahraini adolescents.

BACKGROUND: This study examines the relationship between actual weight status and perceptions of body weight in Bahraini adolescents. The study also investigates the adolescents' perceptions of parents' and peers' opinions of weight. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 447 Bahraini male and female adolescents aged 12-17 years was conducted. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A short questionnaire was used to obtain their attitudes towards their weight status, as well as the attitudes of their parents and friends. The nine figure silhouettes illustration was used to measure perception of ideal body image and how it compares with their current body weight. RESULTS: The results revealed a significant discrepancy between adolescents' perception of body weight and actual BMI. There was a tendency for teenagers to underestimate their weight status, which was especially noteworthy among the overweight and obese. More than half of the girls and about one-third of the boys expressed discontent with their current body weight. One-third (33.5%) and 26.6% of the adolescents thought that their parents and their peers, respectively, would consider them to be overweight or obese. The percentage of adolescents who reported parental or peer underestimation was higher among those classified as overweight or obese than it was among those who were of normal weight. CONCLUSION: The study shows the existence of a distorted body image as reflected by failure of many overweight or obese adolescents to perceive themselves as such. Among Bahraini adolescents weight-related beliefs and attitudes exist at two ends of the spectrum: a tolerance of obesity at one end and an exaggerated concern for its occurrence at the other.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Bahraini adolescents: a comparison between three different sets of criteria.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Bahraini adolescents using three different sets of criteria/standards. DESIGN: Cross-sectional prevalence study. SETTING: Intermediate and secondary schools in Bahrain. SUBJECTS: The study included a population-representative sample of 506 Bahraini students (249 males and 257 females) between 12 and 17 y of age. The sample was selected using multistage stratified random sampling technique. MEASUREMENT: Anthropometric measurements including weight, height and triceps and subscapular skinfolds were taken on the adolescents. Age was verified against school records. To minimize inter-observer error, weight and height were taken by one person while skinfold was taken by two trained persons (one for each sex). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of obesity among Bahraini boys and girls was high, especially in girls. Obesity was highest (21% in males and 35% in females) when the WHO recommended criteria of BMI for age and skinfolds for age percentiles were applied and lowest (15% in boys and 18% in girls) when the age and sex specific BMI cut-off values of Cole et al were used. Compared with those of WHO criteria, estimates of overweight and obesity prevalence obtained with Must et al and Cole et al were generally close. CONCLUSIONS: Our data revealed a much higher prevalence rate of obesity in the Bahraini adolescent population than was previously reported, especially among girls. The BMI reference values of Must et al and that of Cole et al gave relatively similar estimates and appear to be more practical for use in surveys aimed at estimating the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents than the WHO recommended composite criteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Ferritin, a potent threat for acute myocardial infarction?

BACKGROUND: Studies conducted have yielded contradicting results on the role of ferritin as a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The relation of ferritin status to risk of AMI in Indian men, along with other established major risk factors like serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides has not been documented previously. The hypothesis that increased serum ferritin was related to increased chances of AMI along with the risk factors was tested. METHODS: Case control study involving 145 men (100 cases and 45 healthy control subjects) in the age group of 30-70 years. Serum ferritin levels were estimated by using ELISA, and other risk factors by enzymatic methods. RESULTS: Increased serum ferritin levels significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with an increase of other risk factors in Indian male patients with AMI. CONCLUSION: Significant direct correlation between serum ferritin levels and risk of AMI was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Identification of groups who report similar patterns of diet among a representative national sample of British adults aged 65 years of age or more.

OBJECTIVES: Using a national representative sample to identify groups within the UK male and female population over 65 years who report similar patterns of diet. DESIGN: National representative dietary survey, using 4-day weighed dietary records of men and women aged over 65 years old and living in private households in Great Britain in 1994-1995. Cluster analysis was used to aggregate individuals into diet groups. SETTING: United Kingdom. SUBJECTS: 558 women and 539 men. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Consumption of predefined food groups, nutrient intakes, socio-economic, demographic and behavioural characteristics. RESULTS: Three large clusters comprising 86% of the male population and three large clusters comprising 83% of the female population were identified. Among men, the most prevalent cluster was a "mixed diet" with elements from a traditional diet and some elements from a healthy diet (48% of the male population); the second was a "healthy diet" (21% of the male population); and the third was a "traditional diet high in alcohol" (17% of the male population). Among women, the most prevalent diet was a "sweet traditional diet" (33% of the female population); the second was a "healthy diet" (32% of the female population); and the last was a "mixed diet" with elements of the traditional diet and the healthy diet (18% of the female population). There were important differences in average nutrient intakes, socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics across these diet clusters. CONCLUSIONS: Cluster analysis identified three diet groups among men and three among women. These differed not only in terms of reported dietary intake, but also with respect to their nutrient content, social and behavioural profile. The groups identified could provide a useful basis for health promotion based upon the diet clusters.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

The rule of three.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Communication↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence of and risk factors for helicobacter pylori infection in school children in mexico.

PURPOSE: This study examined the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in school children from an urban area in Northwest Mexico and attempted to identify the risk factors that predispose children to infection in the community.METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted in 1997/98 in the poorest socio-economic sectors of the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, among 178 children aged 9 and 10 years. H. pylori status was determined in children by the accurate and safe non-invasive 13C-urea breath test. Family socio-demographic/socio-economic status and living conditions data were elicited from parents by interview via structured questionnaires and/or direct observation.RESULTS: The overall prevalence rate of H. pylori infection for the children in Hermosillo as determined by this study was 47.1%. The overall prevalence rate of H. pylori infection was not found to be related to either gender (p = 0.531) nor to the two age groups (p = 0.483). It was not related to child's birthplace (p = 0.291) even after controlling for age and gender. However, the overall prevalence of infection was strongly and significantly associated with the parent's birthplace; rural-born mother (p = 0.028) and rural-born father (p = 0.029). There was a noticeable lack of statistical association with the presence of animals at home (p = 0.988) and with direct contact with indoor/outdoor animals for study children (p = 0.099). When all of the explanatory variables that were significant in the bivariate analysis were fitted into a direct logistic regression model, the same strong effect of father's birth place (rural setting), number of siblings (>/=3 per family), type of main water supply (one tap in the yard) and the sharing of bed by the study child were observed as potential risk factors for acquiring the infection.CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that high prevalence rate of H. pylori infection observed on study children seems to depend on factors related to poor living conditions, particularly (but not exclusively) number of children, ruralism (rural-born father), the sharing a bed in childhood and type of main water supply (one tap in the yard).

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Free and esterified fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in adult males and its effect on the doubly-labelled water method.

The purpose of the present study was to estimate whole-body fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in weight-stable adults and to determine the likely effect on the doubly-labelled water (DLW) method for measuring energy expenditure. Synthesis was measured by 2H incorporation over 14 d in six adult males in approximate energy balance following noradrenaline infusion to maximize mobilization of free fatty acid from adipose tissue. The inter-individual variation in synthesis rates was large and in one subject the proportion of free fatty acid synthesized was ten times that of the mean of the rest of the group; the fasting concentration of esterified fatty acid in this subject was five times that of the rest of the group indicating likely violation of the assumptions underlying the calculation of whole-body synthesis. After 14 d of labelling in the other five subjects, 0.9 (SEM 0.3)% of the circulating free fatty acid, 9.3 (SEM 3.0)% of the esterified fatty acid, 14.6 (SEM 2.4)% of the free cholesterol and 28.3 (SEM 3.7)% of esterified cholesterol had been synthesized de novo. A high rate of synthesis correlated with a low pre-dose 2H abundance both within and between lipid classes suggesting that natural 2H abundance variations in some lipid classes may be used to determine their metabolic origin. Whole-body synthetic rates were 8 g/d for fatty acid and 0.3-0.5 g/d for cholesterol. These values correspond to very small errors on DLW-derived estimates of CO2 production; -2.5 litres/d for fatty acid and -0.1 to -0.2 litres/d for cholesterol. These results, obtained in subjects typically consuming a diet with a lower fat and cholesterol content that the typical Western diet, suggest that the DLW method is unlikely to be affected by fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in subjects in energy balance consuming a typical Western diet.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2000

The problem of accuracy in dietary surveys. Analysis of the over 65 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and nature of low energy reporting in a dietary survey of British adults over 65 years of age. DESIGN: Randomly selected cross sectional sample of 2060 British adults over 65 years. Four day weighed food diaries and questionnaires on health, lifestyle and socioeconomic characteristics. SETTING: Great Britain. PARTICIPANTS: 539 women and 558 men over 65 years who were free living and completed four day food diaries. MAIN RESULTS: A high proportion of men and women were classified as low energy reporters (LERs). Reported consumption of full fat dairy products, sugar and sweet foods, and alcoholic drinks differed most between LERs and non-LERs. Among LERs, reported protein and starch intakes were higher, fat, sugar and alcohol intakes were lower. LERs of either sex were more likely to be obese, male LERs were also more likely to belong to the manual social classes. CONCLUSIONS: The high level of low energy reporting probably resulted from a coalescence of factors such as the weighed diary methodology and a reluctance to report consumption of unhealthy foods. The use of validatory biomarkers such as doubly labelled water needs to be more widespread.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Supportive care of cancer patients in Dubai.

Supportive care of cancer patients starts from the first day of diagnosis. It is a comprehensive approach involving psychosocial, physical and spiritual supports. Maximum efforts are put in to keep the patients as comfortable as possible during diagnosis, during treatment and during the terminal stages of their disease.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Body composition by a three compartment model in adult Indian male and female subjects.

The body composition of 10 adult Indian male and female subjects was investigated by a three compartment model, using measurements of Total Body Water (TBW) by deuterium dilution, and of body density by hydrodensitometry. The three compartment model yielded significantly different (P < 0.005) estimates of percent body fat of 15.9+/-3.8 and 19.7+/-4.2% and of the Fat Free Mass (FFM) of 41+/-3.3 kg and 33.9+/-4.1 kg in the male and female subjects respectively. The hydration of the FFM was 0.704+/-0.032 in the males and 0.719+/-0.024 in the females; this difference was not signifcant between groups. The density of the FFM, measured from estimates of percent body fat by the 3 compartment approach and of body density by hydrodensitometry, was 1.107+/-0.014 in the males and 1.101+/-0.001 in the females with no significant differences between the groups. This study demonstrates differences in body composition between BMI matched healthy adult male and female subjects. Although there are significant differences for % Fat and FFM between the sexes, there are no significant differences in the hydration fraction and the density of the FFM.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using excretory/secretory and somatic antigens as a diagnostic test for human hookworm infection.

Excretory/secretory (E/S) and somatic antigens prepared from third stage infective larvae of Ancylostoma duodenale were evaluated for the diagnosis of human hookworm infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Taking the mean absorbance plus 2 standard deviations (SD) of normal serum as the cut-off value, the positivity rates in 30 hookworm cases were 97% and 93% respectively. False positivity with E/S antigen was 8-20% in 61 control subjects; with somatic antigen it was slightly lower. In contrast, when the mean absorbance value plus 2 SD of control groups with other parasitic infections was taken as cut-off point, the positivity was 93% with E/S antigen and 43% with somatic antigen, indicating the superiority of E/S antigen. Percentage positivity declined after treatment of hookworm cases. No relationship was found between ELISA reactivity and severity of infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Role of specific immunoglobulin E to excretory-secretory antigen in diagnosis and prognosis of hookworm infection.

Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and specific IgE were assayed by a radioimmunosorbent test and a reverse enzyme immunoassay in patients with hookworm infections before and after treatment. A total of 77 subjects (30 patients with hookworm infections and 47 subjects as controls) were studied. Both specific and total IgE levels in serum and jejunal juice were raised in hookworm patients. There was a significant decrease in IgE levels after therapy. Total IgE levels were raised in other nematode infections, but specific IgE levels were low. The reverse enzyme immunoassay for specific IgE was highly specific (96%) and sensitive (100%) and may be used in the serodiagnosis of hookworm infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Breast lesions examined by digital angiography. Work in progress.

Differentiation of benign from malignant lesions in screening for breast cancer is usually arrived at via surgical biopsy, an invasive and costly procedure. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the breast is a less invasive procedure. DSA imaging patterns from 22 patients with malignant and benign lesions were compared with surgical biopsy findings. DSA examinations were performed with the breast in an immobilization device and contrast medium was injected into the superior vena cava. Images were produced with a low kilovoltage (50 kVp) to enhance contrast, and a technique yielding an average dose to the breast of less than 2 rad (0.02 Gy) was used. Preliminary clinical results demonstrate the potential of DSA for differentiation of benign and malignant lesions and justify further investigations of its use as an alternative to surgical biopsy.

Angiography↗