P Shinnick | PubMed Health

PubMed2000

Acetaminophen versus acetaminophen with codeine after pediatric tonsillectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of acetaminophen versus acetaminophen with codeine after pediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. METHODS: Fifty-one children ages 3 to 12 years scheduled for outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were studied. Patients were randomly assigned to receive acetaminophen or acetaminophen with codeine in unlabeled bottles for postoperative pain control. The Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale was used to help children quantify their level of pain after surgery. The level of pain, quantity of pain medication required, presence of side effects, and the percentage of a normal diet consumed was recorded for 10 postoperative days. RESULTS: There was no difference (P > .05, all time points) in the level of postoperative pain reported by the parents and children in the two groups. The acetaminophen with codeine group tended to have increased problems with nausea, emesis, and constipation, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Children in the acetaminophen group consumed a significantly higher percentage of a normal diet on the first 6 postoperative days (P < .05, all time points). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the level of pain control provided by acetaminophen and acetaminophen with codeine as measured by the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale. Postoperative oral intake was significantly higher in children treated with acetaminophen alone.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed1985

Difference in the location of finger placement on the radial artery for pulse diagnosis in the Orient; and, 15th to 18th century Occidental rare books on pulse diagnosis.

Present day finger placement on the radial artery for pulse diagnosis to determine the relationship between organs and general condition vary according to widely used Chinese or Tibetan method. Variations exist between different historical Chinese periods on finger organ representation points and vary to minimum extent among Tibetan historical and current writers. By photographing lesser known Occidental 15th to 18th century rare books on pulse readings from the New York Academy of Medicine and the Philadelphia College of Physicians and Surgeons, a clearer understanding of Oriental influences to Occidental cardio-vascular understanding is apparent. The Chinese pulse meridian influenced European scales for measurement in pulse speed (or rhythm), vessel size, and organ condition.

Arm↗