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Biomedical subjects

P Singer

Publications and source records attributed to P Singer.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Regional analysis of infant nutrition during the 1st 3 months of life].

A feeding survey was conducted amongst 100 infants during the first three months of life, from December 1980 to August 1981. If breast milk was not available, infants were fed with adapted nutrition. Recommended nutrition was changed in 62 infants, 30% within the first four weeks and 70% between six and ten weeks. Partially adapted nutrition was used by mothers most frequently, while breast milk and mixed milk feeding decreased to 42%. The different findings and causes of changes in the nutrition are discussed.

Austria↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical aspects of typical changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in essential hypertension].

Taking into consideration regulative aspects and perceptible interrelations with pressor and depressor systems some typical alterations of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with essential arterial hypertension are summarized. An increased hormone-induced lipolysis is associated with impaired carbohydrate tolerance. Glucose-stimulated insulin response is enhanced in hypertensives, even if glucose tolerance is normal. In subjects with essential hypertension the percentage of linoleic acid in serum triglycerides is augmented, but decreased in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The fat cell volume is not different from that in normotensive probands. The mostly mild disturbances of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are already evident in early stages of essential hypertension and indicate syndrome-like interrelations which should be analysed systematically and which are of fundamental significance for the causal proof of primarily preventive strategies for the reduction of the cardiovascular risk.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

[Open study of bromapezan in ambulatory and psychiatric hospital patients (author's transl)].

Psychiatrists working in hospital and in private practice took part in co-operative trial aimed at evaluating the effectiveness and safety of bromazepam. The study was of the open type and involved 10 hospital patients and 20 ambulatory patients. The same protocole was followed for each patient. Twenty-five patients (including 5 in hospital) had anxiety neurosis; the remaining 5 had anxiety following weaning from alcohol. The anxiolytic effects of the drug, determined by means of Hamilton's anxiety scale and overall clinical judgement, were generally found to be satisfactory. The effective doses ranged from 1 to 3 tablets per day in ambulatory patients and from 3 to 5 tablets per day in hospital patients. The main side-effects were related to unwanted sedation; they only occurred with the higher doses and rarely interfered with the beneficial effects of bromazepam.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Inverse relationship between linoleic acid in serum and in adipose tissue of patients with essential hypertension.

In patients with labile essential hypertension without and with overweight as well as in normotensive controls the fatty acid pattern of serum triglycerides and subcutaneous adipose tissue was estimated by gas liquid chromatography. In serum triglycerides of hypertensives linoleic acid was increased but appeared decreased in depot fat. This inverse relationship could not be found for arachidonic acid. Correspondingly, the C 18:2/C 20:4-ratio was higher in serum triglycerides than in adipose tissue. Only in depot fat of overweight hypertensives the percentage of arachidonic acid was decreased when compared to subjects with normal body weight. Linolenic acid remained unchanged in serum triglycerides but decreased significantly in adipose tissue of hypertensive patients. Eicosapentaenoic acid was increased in serum triglycerides and depot fat of patients with essential hypertension of normal body weight. The results are discussed with respect to the possible pathogenesis of essential hypertension and the hypotensive potency of dietary linoleic acid which has been described in patients with high blood pressure.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Adipose cell size in patients with essential hypertension.

The fat cell volume from subcutaneous adipose tissue of the anterior abdominal wall has been evaluated in 10 male patients with essential hypertension and in 10 male normotensive control subjects of normal body weight as well as in 9 male obese hypertensives. In both groups with normal weight no significant differences could be confirmed whereas in hypertensives with overweight the adipose cell volume was significantly increased. Thus, no evidence of enlarged adipocytes as a primary defect in patients with high blood pressure could be obtained. The results are discussed in view of obesity, hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP), increased lipolysis, impaired glucose tolerance, and high insulin response which frequently are associated with essential hypertension and usually favour the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes and adipocytes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Effect of linoleic acid-rich diet on blood pressure, lipids, catecholamines, and dopamine -beta-hydroxylase in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats were fed a linoleic acid-rich (LAR) and -deficient (LAD) diet for 22 weeks, respectively. Although linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in serum and liver triglycerides markedly increased after a LAR diet, LA was significantly lower and AA was higher in SHR when compared to normotensive control rats. Thus, the percentage of both fatty acids remained different like in animals fed a commercial diet. On the contrary, in SHR and normotensive rats fed a LAD diet no differences in the LA and AA content could be found between the groups. In these rats, however, n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in serum triglycerides were increased. Blood pressure, serum triglycerides and total cholesterol appeared unchanged, whereas HDL-cholesterol was increased after a LAR diet. Dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline content as well as dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity were augmented in adrenal glands of SHR fed a LAR diet. In spite of distinct biochemical alterations the genetically determined hypertension in rats could not be influenced by a long-lasting diet containing a high amount of LA which has been proved to be effective on lowering blood pressure in other hypertensive rat models.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Fatty acid composition of triglycerides in inflammatory liver diseases in diabetics with and without hyperlipoproteinemia].

In 228 patients with diabetes mellitus (130 diabetics without and 98 diabetics with hyperlipoproteinaemia) percutaneous liver punctures after Menghini as well as biopsies of the subcutaneous fatty tissue were carried out. From the biopsy specimens and from serum the fatty acid pattern of triglycerides was estimated. In 87 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis and 37 patients with fibrosis no differences in the fatty acid composition could be found. According to the present findings there was no evidence of alterations in the supply of individual fatty acids caused by chronic hepatitis per se. However, it is to be taken into consideration that simultaneous liver steatosis can provoke marked changes in the fatty acid pattern of liver triglycerides. The best reference seems to be the size of the fat droplet in the hepatocytes. Its rise is associated with an increase of palmitic and oleic acid, whereas the percentage of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid is decreased. It must be clarified by further studies, whether this reveals a general pathophysiological phenomenon or is restricted to diabetic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The natural history of retinopathy in insulin-dependent juvenile-onset diabetes.

We determined the cross-sectional natural history of retinopathy by prospective study of 461 insulin-dependent juvenile-onset diabetics. In so doing, we compared the sensitivity of ophthalmoscopy, photography, and fluorescein angiography in detecting retinopathy. Photography was far more reliable than ophthalmoscopy in detecting early retinopathy and equivalent to angiography. Retinopathy was not present at diagnosis of diabetes. After a lag period, the prevalence of retinopathy rose in sigmoidal fashion, reaching 50% at just over seven years duration, and asymptotically approaching 90% at 17--50 years. Proliferative retinopathy was first seen at 13 years duration, and its prevalence rose to 26% at 26--50 years. From the natural history we computed the dimensions of a proposed clinical trial to test the effect of tight metabolic control in prevention of retinopathy.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1981

Central nervous system toxicity of intraventricularly administered gentamicin in adult rabbits.

To determine whether daily intraventricular injection of gentamicin sulfate would cause neurologic or morphologic abnormalities of the central nervous system, adult male rabbits were given gentamicin sulfate, 2 mg/kg, intramuscularly twice a day plus saline, 0.2 ml (group 1), or gentamicin, 0.05 mg/kg (group 2), 0.25 mg/kg (group 3), or 0.5 mg/kg (group 4), given as the sulfate intraventricularly once a day. The majority of the animals in group 4 developed neurologic abnormalities which progressed to death in animals that were not euthanized; neuropathologic studies revealed chemical ventriculitis and meningitis that were associated with high levels of gentamicin in the cerebrospinal fluid and tissue of the central nervous system. Similar neurologic and morphologic changes were seen in most animals of group 3 but not in rabbits of groups 1 and 2. The ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity of gentamicin are well known; these data indicate that it may be toxic to the central nervous system as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Meanings of combat and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder.

The authors use the concept of "meanings of combat" to explain combat veterans' different reactions to war experiences, particularly the development of a posttraumatic stress disorder after combat. The authors present four case reports to illustrate some of the different meanings of combat and the ways such meanings relate to stress disorder and soldiers' adaptation before, during, and after combat.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1981

Posttetanic potentiation in a patient with myasthenia gravis.

We studied a patient with clinically typical myasthenia gravis (MG) and high serum titer of antibodies to acetylcholine receptor. Unlike the usual response in MG, there was an increment in the amplitude of the electrical response (308% of control) after 10 seconds of voluntary tetanus. Posttetanic facilitation is usually less than 200% in MG and over 200% in Eaton-Lambert syndrome. However, there have been several other cases of typical MG with increments over 200%. Facilitation of this magnitude has also been seen with curare administration in animals and man. However, in myasthenia, as opposed to curare poisoning, competitive blocking is not thought to exist.

Autoantibodies↗