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Biomedical subjects

P Sood

Publications and source records attributed to P Sood.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Mitral valve endocarditis following balloon mitral valvotomy.

The case of a patient who developed fungal valve endocarditis due to Candida albicans following balloon mitral valvotomy is presented. The patient did not have any obvious predisposing factors which led to the development of fungal endocarditis.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed2001

Candidemia in neonatal intensive care unit.

The present study was conducted over a period of 6 months to determine the Candida species causing candidemia in a neonatal intensive care unit and to analyse the risk factors associated with acquisition of significant fungemia. Speciation of the 19 isolated Candida spp was done by the standard techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates was determined by disc diffusion method against Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, Ketoconozole and 5-Flucytosine. Candida glabrata was the most common species involved (42.1%). Other species isolated were C. tropicalis (31.6%). Calbicans (21.1%) and C.parapsilosis (5.2%). All the isolates were sensitive to Amphotericin B. Resistance to other antigungal agents was seen only in C. globrata. Significant candidemia was seen in 14/19 (72.6%) of neonates. Risk factors found to be associated with significant candidemis in these neonates included intake of multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics (p<0.0001), use of total parenteral nutrition (p<0.045) and ventilators (p<0.0001).

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed2000

Malingering and symptom magnification: a case report illustrating the limitations of clinical judgement.

Malingering and symptom embellishment are of concern to specialists in pain medicine. Valid criteria to identify malingering individuals suffering chronic pain do not exist. We present a case of a patient on worker's compensation identified as a malingerer by six different physicians who had evaluated the patient for her chronic complaints. Ultimately, she was found to have a lesion that explained all of her subjective complaints. Physicians should exercise caution in labeling patients suffering intractable pain as malingerers.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2000

Potential infection hazards of stethoscopes.

This study was conducted to assess the bacterial flora carried on stethoscopes used by medical personnel and to study the effect of disinfection of stethoscopes on the flora. In the 106 stethoscopes sampled, Gram-positive organisms were the most (60%) frequently isolated. Among them, Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 15.8% of the flora of which 21% were resistant to methicillin. The rate of isolation of S aureus and methicillin resistant S aureus (MRSA) was higher in critical care units. Disinfection was found to significantly reduce the bacterial count.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of Vitek Yeast Biochemical Card with conventional methods for speciation of Candida.

The ability of the Vitek Yeast Biochemical Card to identify yeast isolates was compared with conventional methods. Of the fifty yeast isolates tested same species identification was obtained in thirty-four isolates. The Vitek yeast biochemical card identified 13 isolates which could not be identified by the conventional tests. Though the Vitek Yeast biochemical card gave a good rapid identification the high cost of each test severely limits its routine use in most of the laboratories.

Candida↗
PubMed1998

Central nervous system abnormalities in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS): clinical and quantitative evidence of medullary dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: Sensory and motor abnormalities are common among patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The purpose of the present study was to define and characterize these abnormalities and to develop a hypothesis regarding the area of the central nervous system from which they derive. DESIGN: Data were acquired from study subjects using clinical examination and quantitative assessment of neurological function. Subjects were divided into four groups. CRPS patients were differentiated into two groups based on the presence or absence of sensory deficit on the face to clinical examination. The other two groups were composed of patients with other chronic pain syndromes and normal individuals without chronic pain or disability. Clinical and quantitative data were compared between groups. PATIENTS: One hundred forty-five CRPS patients, 69 patients with other pain conditions, and 26 normal individuals were studied. RESULTS: A high incidence of trigeminal hypoesthesia was observed in CRPS patients. CRPS patients with trigeminal hypoesthesia manifested bilateral deficits of sensory function, with a predominant hemilateral pattern. These patients also manifested bilateral motor weakness with a more prominent hemiparetic pattern. Both sensory and motor deficits were greatest ipsilateral to the painful side of the body. These features differed significantly from those of CRPS patients lacking clinical trigeminal deficit, other pain patients, and normals. A lower cranial nerve abnormality (sternocleidomastoid weakness) and a myelopathic feature (Hoffman's reflex) were more common in CRPS patients with trigeminal hypoesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of CRPS patients had abnormalities of spinothalamic, trigeminothalamic, and corticospinal function that may represent dysfunction of the medulla. One-third of the remaining CRPS patients had neuroimaging evidence of spinal cord or brain pathology. The majority of CRPS patients in this study have measurable abnormalities of the sensory and motor systems or neuroimaging evidence of spinal cord or brain dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Respiratory symptoms in Indian children exposed to different cooking fuels.

Smoke emission from fuels is an important source of indoor air pollution. Children spend considerable time indoors. It is therefore important to determine whether air contaminants from indoor air sources affect incidence of respiratory illness, cause symptoms and changes in pulmonary function status in them. Two hundred children in the age group of 7-15 were selected randomly. They were stratified according to the fuel used in their homes and respiratory symptoms were inquired from them according to a questionnaire recommended by the American Thoracic Society. The most symptomatic children were those whose households used kerosene (52%) and mixed fuels (46%) although different symptoms were present in varying extent in all 4 groups of children. Cough, cold, congestion or phlegm for one week or more occurred more frequently with mixed fuel use followed by kerosene. The present study thus showed that mixed fuel and kerosene fuel had worst effects on respiratory system in children whose households used these fuels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of the autophosphorylation of Era, an essential Escherichia coli GTPase.

Era is an essential protein in Escherichia coli which binds both GTP and GDP and has an intrinsic GTPase activity. Studies on the role of GTP/GDP binding and GTPase activity in an attempt to understand its function lead to the observation that Era is autophosphorylated. The autophosphorylation reaction is specific for GTP and cannot use ATP as a phosphoryl group donor. The reaction velocity is of first order with respect to protein concentration, suggesting an intramolecular mechanism. Autophosphorylation occurs at serine and threonine residues. The major phosphorylated tryptic peptide isolated after autophosphorylation has been identified as ISITSR, from residue 33 to 38. The peptide contains the site of phosphorylation and two potential sites for serine and threonine phosphorylation. Subsequently, both the threonine residue at position 36 and the serine residue at position 37 were altered to alanine. The double mutant Era, but not individual single mutants, was unable to functionally complement the growth of an E. coli strain which cannot produce wild-type Era protein at high temperature. This suggests that either threonine 36 or serine 37 has to exist for the function of Era in vivo. In vivo phosphorylation of Era was also examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Era has been previously assigned two distinct positions having two different X-Y co-ordinates: one of the spots (H032.0) was identified as phosphorylated Era, indicating that a substantial portion of Era in the cell is indeed phosphorylated. Therefore, Era autophosphorylation is likely to play an important physiological role in the cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Cold-sensitive growth and decreased GTP-hydrolytic activity from substitution of Pro17 for Val in Era, an essential Escherichia coli GTPase.

A substitution mutation of Pro17 by Val (P17V) was constructed in the guanine nucleotide binding domain of Era, an essential protein in Escherichia coli. The mutation is analogous to the oncogenic activating allele at position 12 in the GTP-binding domain of p21ras. The phenotype of this mutant was analysed in a strain which exclusively expressed the mutant protein (Era-V17) in null allele chromosomal background (era1: :kan). The strain was found to be cold-sensitive for growth. Mutant Era-V17 purified from the strain was cold-sensitive for GTP-hydrolytic activity, suggesting that the GTPase activity of Era is required for cell growth since the P17V mutation resulted in both cold-sensitive growth of cells and cold-labile GTPase activity of the purified protein.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1990

Epilepsy, myasthenia gravis, and effect of plasmapheresis on antiepileptic drug concentrations.

A 28-year-old woman developed complex partial seizures at the age of 17 years and was treated with phenytoin sodium. Five years later she developed myasthenia gravis, and phenytoin was replaced by valproic acid and phenobarbital. She required plasmapheresis (PP). During one course of PP, total and unbound concentrations of valproic acid and phenobarbital were measured in serum sampled before, during, and after PP and in plasma removed by PP. It was determined that the magnitude of loss of valproic acid or phenobarbital by PP was small, and the changes of unbound/total ratio did not reach clinical importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Digitoxin elimination reduced during quinidine therapy.

Elevated serum digoxin concentrations and clinical toxicity have been reported in patients receiving quinidine. The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether a similar interaction occurs between quinidine and another cardiac glycoside, digitoxin, and if so to evaluate the pharmacokinetic basis in five healthy volunteers. In the presence of quinidine the serum digitoxin concentration was elevated, the mean digitoxin elimination half-life was increased from 87.8 +/- 11.6 to 218.3 +/- 20.6 h (mean +/- SEM) (p < 0.01), and mean total body clearance was reduced from 5.01 +/- 1.18 to 1.87 +/- 0.20 mL/h x kg (p < 0.052). No change was observed in the apparent volume of distribution or in the volume of the central compartment for digitoxin. The data suggest that the mechanism for this interaction is a reduction in elimination and not displacement of digitoxin from tissue binding sites.

Adult↗