Rectal doxepin and carbamazepine therapy in patients with cancer.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Storey.
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Continuous subcutaneous infusions offer a safe, simple, effective alternative to intravenous or intramuscular injections when oral medications cannot be used. They are extremely useful for cancer patients suffering from pain, vomiting, seizures, and other symptoms. Hydromorphone or morphine may be combined with metoclopramide, methotrimeprazine, or haloperidol (in D5W only), in the same pump to control both pain and nausea. Seizures can be controlled by subcutaneous infusion of phenobarbital or midazolam. If proper doses are prescribed and skin irritation is watched for, they can be used safely in the patient's home.
Accurate estimation of survival time in terminal cancer patients is difficult yet may provide useful information. A historical prospective study on 172 patients admitted to a home based hospice service was performed to determine which variables were best correlated with survival time. Mean and median survival were 48 and 22 days, respectively, representing a highly skewed distribution of life span in this sample. As age increased, survival time decreased. All Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) recorded (Bathing, Continence, Dressing and Transfer) as well as other measures of performance (mobility and pulse) and nutrition (appetite and nourishment) were each strongly associated with survival. Multivariate analysis limited significant variables to dressing ability, pulse rate, level of appetite and transferring ability. Outliers (survival greater than 180 days) were differentiated from the remainder of the sample by significant differences in all ADLs recorded as well as the level of appetite. These findings establish the importance of assessing ADLs, a measure of functional status, and reinforce the importance of performance and nutrition measures when estimating length of survival in terminal cancer patients.
Hospice is a service and philosophy of care for terminally ill patients. Its roots extend back to the Middle Ages, but it was developed into its present form by Dr Cicely Saunders at St Christopher's Hospice in London. Hospices use teamwork and careful listening to the patient to achieve the following goals (whether the patient is at home or in an inpatient unit): (a) to relieve the pain and suffering of the terminally ill; (b) to make possible a "good" death; (c) to help the family; (d) to assist in the search for meaning.
Both community mobilisation and expert intervention are required for proper health care. All members of the South African Community have a right to justice, equity and participation in their health care system. Justice demands equal facilities for all, and in South Africa cannot be achieved without fundamental political change. Equity demands freedom from financial anxiety. Arguments for the further privatisation of health care in South Africa are immoral and unconvincing. Participation demands that a patient be actively involved in deciding the nature of health care rather than merely a 'consumer'. This requires both demythologising the medical profession and vesting power in the community. Practical steps towards these ends are suggested.
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A study of cerebral ventricular size measured as ventricle to brain ratio (VBR) using computerised tomographic brain scan in chronic schizophrenics provided no support for suggestions that there are significant differences between patients who fall into different clinical subtypes. We found no significant difference in VBR between patients with and without a family history of schizophrenia or between those with or without paranoid symptoms. Applying Crow's classification, contrary to expectations, Type 1 patients had significantly larger ventricles than those with 'mixed' symptomatology (both Type 1 and Type 2 features). We also applied a variety of operational criteria which attempt to define schizophrenia as a whole: of these only Schneider's first-rank symptoms (FRS) yielded conclusive results--FRS-positive patients had significantly larger mean VBR than those without such symptoms. Previously, it has been suggested that ventricular enlargement is more closely associated with 'negative' than with 'positive' symptoms.
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Thirty-six patients who had had infectious mononucleosis (IM) were followed up a year later and assessed by the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire and by interview or (in five cases) by postal questionnaire. The results support the view that IM leads to depression in a considerable number of cases, but in this series only women were so affected.
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