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Biomedical subjects

P Strax

Publications and source records attributed to P Strax.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Epidemiology of breast cancer in a screened population.

Breast cancer risk factors were examined in a screened population expected to exhibit selection bias. Data were obtained for 1,383 breast cancer cases and 2,543 randomly selected controls screened at the Guttman Breast Diagnostic Institute between 1968 and 1979. Relative risk (RR) estimates were found to be elevated for the usual factors: greater age, greater weight, early menarche, late first live birth or nulliparity, late menopause, and family history of breast cancer. Adjustment for screening variables (number of screenings, breast symptomatology, and year of first screening) removed substantial bias in RR estimates. The unadjusted analysis tended to reduce the magnitude of RR for family history and weight among screenees in general and for age among women screened only once. Although the unadjusted analysis showed no effects for either previous breast biopsy or religion, adjustment for screening variables indicated that among rescreened women, previous biopsy, Jewish and Catholic religion were associated with increased risk; among women screened once only, these characteristics were associated with decreased risk of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Advances in detection of early breast cancer.

Detection of early breast cancer is our most important weapon in reducing mortality from the disease. The most effective means to achieve this goal is mass screening of presumably well women. This is the lesson from the HIP study, which has shown a persistent substantial reduction in death rate in 14 years of follow-up. In addition to palpation, modalities used must include mammography, which is our only means to detect the nonpalpable cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prospects for eliminating racial differences in breast cancer survival rates.

Results from the randomized trial underway in the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York to determine the efficacy of periodic screening with mammography and palpation of the breast have been examined to determine the effect of screening on racial differences in breast cancer survival rates. Consistent with experience in general populations, the control group showed a lower five-year survival rate among non-White women with breast cancer than among White women. In the study group, 65 per cent of whom participated in the screening program, there was no differential in the survival rates of the two racial groups. The elimination of the unfavorable status among non-Whites through screening does not appear to be explained by various artifacts explored. Secondary prevention measures may offer the possibility of reducing or closing the gap in breast cancer survival rates between White and non-White women.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ten- to fourteen-year effect of screening on breast cancer mortality.

Results from the randomized trial conducted by the Health Insurance Plan (HIP) to determine the efficacy of breast cancer screening with mammography and palpation are reported for longer periods than previously available. By the end of 10 years after entry, the study group's mortality due to breast cancer was about 30% below the control group's. Arithmetic gains due to screening were maintained through year 14; relative gains declined. With increases in the period of follow-up, cumulative survival rates among cases detected by mammography alone (palpation negative during screening), decreased more rapidly than rates among other subgroups, but survival rates for mammography cases remained relatively high. Study women aged 40-49 years at entry began to show lower breast cancer mortality than those in the control group as duration of follow-up increased. Reservations are advanced about the acceptance of this finding as evidence of the efficacy of screening under age 50 under the conditions of the HIP study. The reservations are based on the observation that the decrease of mortality among the study group aged 45-49 at entry is concentrated entirely among cases diagnosed after they reached 50 years of age.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Strategy (motivation) for detection of early breast cancer.

For successful strategy to increase motivation for mass screening for detection of early breast cancer, three elements are needed: 1) women at risk must be taught the necessity of the examination; 2) they must be made aware of the existence of the facility, which must be made easily accessible; and 3) they must be reassured that the examination is simple, effective, and safe. Mass screening for breast cancer is the only proven method that has the potential to reduce the stationary death rate from the disease. Until true primary prevention is developed, it is necessary to make mass screening ever more efficient, economical, and safe. At the same time, increasing efforts must be made to motivate women to accept such mass screening.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Results of mass screening for breast cancer in 50,000 examinations.

Detection of earlier breast cancer, especially in its preclinical stage, offers the only method available today for reducing mortality from this disease. The Health Insurance Plan study, conducted since 1963 under contract with the National Institutes of Health, has achieved a one-third reduction in death rate in a study group compared to a matched control which has persisted in 7 years of follow-up. The Guttman Institute, founded in 1968 to develop practical methods for large scale screening, is operating a tandem approach using interview, clinical examination, improved mammography, and thermography for greatest yield. Emphasis is placed on motivation to accept the examination, teaching and encouragement of breast self-examination, and emphasis on periodic reexaminations. At the present time, almost 300 women receive this complete examination per day at the Institute's fixed facility. Periodic examinations leads to marked increase in number of cancers detected free of axillary nodal involvement. The tandem approach emphasizes substantial percentage of cancers detected on only one modality, two-thirds of which are without nodal involvement. Breast self-examination is necessary to detect "interval" cancers in more localized stage.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Utilization of diagnostic techniques for cancer of the breast - early diagnosis.

Early diagnosis of breast cancer is the only method with proven potential for lowering the death rate from the disease. Early diagnosis means, in a practical way, detection of preclinical cancer - finding the cancer before it would ordinarily be detected in the normal course of events. This involves mass screening of apparently well women.

Adult↗