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Biomedical subjects

P T Rowley

Publications and source records attributed to P T Rowley.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Screening and genetic counseling for beta-thalassemia trait in a population unselected for interest: effects on knowledge and mood.

To evaluate the effects of genetic screening and counseling in a population unselected for interest, adults in a health maintenance organization (HMO) were screened for beta-thalassemia trait as part of health care or multiphasic screening. Counseling was provided by either a trained physician or a videotape containing the same information, followed by an opportunity to question a trained physician. Knowledge of thalassemia, knowledge of genetics, and mood were assessed by standardized questionnaires and by interview immediately before and after counseling. Compared to controls, trait subjects demonstrated significant learning about thalassemia (P less than .001) and about genetics (P less than .001) and recorded significant mood changes, namely, surprise (startle) (P less than .05), increased alertness (decreased deactivation) (P less than .05), and decreased skepticism (P less than .01). Screening and genetic counseling for beta-thalassemia trait conducted as part of multiphasic screening of the population of a HMO, essentially and unselected population, can result in significant overall learning with acceptable effects on mood.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Erythroid colony formation from human fetal liver.

The liver of the human fetus, induced to abort by prostaglandin or by hypertonic saline, contains cells that form colonies in methylcellulose in vitro. The colonies are erythroid as identified by cellular staining of hemoglobin by benzidine. Colony formation is generally similar, with regard to number, size and time of development, to that observed in cultures of nonadherent cells from human adult marrow. The number of colonies observed increases with the concentration of erythropoietin used and with the concentration of cells plated and decreases with the time interval between intra-amniotic instillation of the inducing agent and culture. Colong number is not greatly influenced by fetal age in the period 16-20 weeks or by whether the inducing agent is prostaglandin or hypertonic saline. Prostaglandin- and hypertonic saline-induced abortuses thus provide an abundant source of human fetal erythroid tissue for morphologic and biochemical studies of erythroid development.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1977

Alveolar cell carcinoma in identical twins. Similarity in time of onset, histochemistry, and site of metastasis.

Identical male twins had alveolar cell carcinoma with nearly synchronous onset and similar histopathologic features, both metastatic to the brain. The hypothesis is advanced that there are genes shared by these twins that determine not only the susceptibility of pulmonary cells to malignant transformation but also the character of the resultant neoplasm, including its histologic features and metastatic behavior.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1976

Genetic screening: whose responsibility?

Genetic screening offers the possibility of reducing the suffering due to genetic defects. For the foreseeable future, genetic screening by lay or governmental organizations can do only a small part of the job needed. Hence, the major responsibility falls on the personal physician. A careful family history is the best single genetic screening device. Discussing genetic risks with patients requires careful attention to the patient's difficulties in understanding the concept of probability, his psychological defense reactions, and differences in individual values. For complex cases, help is available in your region.

Disclosure↗
PubMed1976

Sickle beta-thalassemia: identical twins differing in severity implicate nongenetic factors influencing course.

25-yr old female identical twins of Italian-American origin concordant for sickle beta-thalassemia were studied to explain their clinical differences. One of them has been severely affected from childhood with one aplastic crisis, an earlier onset of vaso-occlusive crises, and recent cardiac decompensation; the other twin shows no cardiac decompensation. Similar are their degree of anemia, RBC indices, blood volumes, absence of splenic sequestration, depression of pO2, elevation of p50 and 2,3-DPG, hemoglobin composition, and peripheral blood globin-synthetic rates. Regarding differences, the more severely affected has a shorter 51Cr RBC life span, a greater menstrual blood loss, and is more overweight, whereas the less severely affected has functional asplenia by 99mTc scanning and a larger proportion of RBC with decreased cellular deformability. We conclude that in sickle beta-thalassemia: (1) genotype alone does not determine the clinical course; (2) significant differences in clinical course can occur with almost identical hemoglobin composition and globin synthetic rates; (3) cellular deformability changes do not correlate exactly with clinical course; and (4) functional asplenia and leanness may be advantageous.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The diagnosis of beta-thalassemia trait: a review.

Diagnostic and screening methods for beta-thalassemia trait are reviewed in the order of their development, including identification by homozygous offspring, erythrocyte morphology, osmotic fragility, hemoglobin composition, globin synthetic rates, and red blood cell indices.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1975

Serum antitrypsin synthesis by the isolated perfused rat liver.

The isolated perfused rat liver synthesizes antitrypsin activity in a linear fashion as long as 24 hr. The rate of synthesis may be ten times the rate necessary for physiologic levels in vivo. These data are compatible with the liver as the principal site of synthesis of serum antitryptic activity in the rat. The antitrypsin activity of the rat perfusate resembles that of normal human plasma in liability to heat (56 degrees) and to acid (below pH 6) and in apparent molecular size (elution from Sephadex G-200).

Animals↗