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Biomedical subjects

P Tóth

Publications and source records attributed to P Tóth.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Surgical treatment of intraabdominal hemorrhage in peliosis hepatis].

INTRODUCTION: Peliosis is an infrequent entity characterized by multiple blood-filled cavities mostly involving the liver. Peliosis hepatis usually appears as a rare autopsy finding in asymptomatic patients or in patients with chronic wasting diseases. However, peliosis hepatis may present as hepatic dysfunction or shock from hepatic rupture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In our report we present the case of a 33-year-old woman with hepatic peliosis causing a hemoperitoneum resulting from liver rupture, which needed immediate surgical treatment. On the basis of symptoms and the laboratory parameters the acute abdomen was evaluated by abdominal ultrasound and CT scan, both revealing a hemoperitoneum and a lesion in the left liver lobe. RESULTS: Embolization was performed by superselective catheterization of the left hepatic artery to stop the bleeding. After stabilization of the patient, left lobectomy of the liver was performed because of the ruptured 15-cm liver tumor. The patient recovered well and was discharged without residual complaints. Histopathologic analysis showed focal parenchymal peliosis. DISCUSSION: The authors evaluate the effectiveness of the surgical strategy in a case of life-threatening focal hepatic disorder. Besides surgery, the authors emphasize the importance of invasive radiological interventions in these cases.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed2002

Idiopathic myelofibrosis with prominent postsplenectomy erythroblastosis terminating in acute myeloid transformation.

Idiopathic myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative disease with poor prognosis and without sufficient therapy. Acute leukemic transformation occurs in 15% of patients. The authors report the case of a 63 year old myelofibrotic patient treated with splenectomy. During the clinical course they observed unusually prominent and persistent erythroblastosis in the peripherial blood. After a two years long, relatively stable period the disease terminated in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Valence tautomerism and metal-mediated catechol oxidation for complexes of copper prepared with 9,10-phenanthrenequinone.

Bis(pyridine)(9,10-phenanthrenequinone)(9,10-phenanthrenediolato)copper(II), Cu(py)(2)(PhenCat)(PhenBQ), has been prepared by treating copper metal with 9,10-phenanthrenequinone in pyridine solution. In dilute solution, both Cu(py)(2)(PhenCat)(PhenBQ) and the related complex Cu(tmeda)(PhenCat)(PhenBQ) lose PhenBQ to form Cu(II)L(2)(PhenCat), where L(2)= tmeda, 2 py. EPR spectra recorded at temperatures between 300 and 77 K reveal the presence of species with radical and metal localized spins together at equilibrium. Equilibria between Cu(II)L(2)(PhenCat) and Cu(I)L(2)(PhenSQ) redox isomers are solvent dependent, with a shift to higher temperature for polar solvents. Both complexes are oxygen sensitive, reacting with dioxygen to give complexes of diphenic acid. Structural characterization on products obtained with tmeda show that dioxygen insertion across the C-C bond within the chelate ring leads to dimeric products with adjacent Cu(II) ions bridged by diphenate ligands. The addition of O(2) to Cu(tmeda)(PhenCat) in acetonitrile solution at 0 degrees C appears to form a peroxo complex, tentatively identified as Cu(tmeda)(O(2))(PhenQ) on the basis of iodometric titration, as the precursor to the diphenate complex.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Brain phagocytes may empty tissue debris into capillaries.

The possibility that brain phagocytes may empty remnants of degenerated neurons into capillaries has been studied in frogs. Degeneration of nerve fibers was brought about by transectioning the optic tract, the tectothalamic and tectoisthmic tracts, the postoptic commissure or the radial nerve. To help identification of phagocytozed degenerated neuronal elements, the transected fibers were filled either with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or cobaltous-lysine complex. The survival times were 3, 4, 7, 27, 47 and 70 days after the application of the markers. The HRP-labeled structures were identified in 60 microm thick sections using diaminobenzidine as chromogen, while cobalt was precipitated in the form of cobaltous sulfide. Small pieces of these sections were further processed for electron microscopy. In each area of the brain and spinal cord investigated, microglial cells and astrocytic processes containing fragments of degenerated neuronal elements could be seen close to capillaries. In some cases a microglial or astrocytic process pierced the capillary basal lamina and seemingly delivered inclusion bodies into the cytoplasm of capillary endothelial cells and pericytes. In the inclusion bodies, which were usually large vesicles, fragments of HRP or cobalt-labeled or unlabeled membranes with a foamy appearance, or condensed myelin lamellae could be observed. These vesicles protruded the luminal membrane of the endothelial cell that was disrupted in some cases suggesting that the content of the inclusion body was discharged into the lumen of the capillary. These results give support to Penfield's hypothesis (1925) that glial cells may empty phagocytozed materials into capillaries.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Castleman's disease].

Castleman's disease is an example of the so-called atypical lymphoproliferative disorders. The optimal therapy of this morphologically and clinically heterogeneous disease is largely unknown. The authors report three cases of multicentric Castleman's disease (two hyalin vascular and one mixed variant). They analyze the pathogenesis, clinicopathologic features and management of this rare entity and review the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Changes in gastric acidity after ductal decompression in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To find out whether pancreatic juice released into the stomach has any effect on gastric acidity, and to evaluate the results of operation. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University Hospital, Hungary. SUBJECTS: 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis. INTERVENTIONS: 27 pancreaticogastrostomies, 8 pancreaticocystogastrostomies, and 20 pancreaticojejunostomies. Gastric pH monitoring. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Alterations in pH after pancreaticogastrostomy. RESULTS: The operations were equally effective for the relief of pain (48/55, 87%) and 46 (84%) had no digestive disorders because they took pancreatic enzyme substitutes. There were no significant differences in gastric pH between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study was not randomised, the results suggest that pancreaticogastrostomy is a good operation for the relief of intractable pain in selected patients with chronic pancreatitis associated with duct dilatation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Five-year study on the injury of the great thoracic vessels after penetrating chest injury.

In the cases of penetrating injury of the heart and the great thoracic vessels, 80% of the patients die before reaching the hospital care, nevertheless patients with sufficient vital functions can be rescued. Between 01. 01. 1994 and 31. 12. 1998 four patients were operated for penetrating injuries of the great vessels in the 2nd Department of Surgery, University Medical School of Debrecen. The left subclavian vein, arcus aortae and the pulmonary artery (2 cases) were injured. In this study authors report a detailed case operated for gunshot injury of the pulmonary artery. On the base of the situation of the projectile on X-ray picture and on the base of the entrance wound of the projectile on the skin we supposed the injury of the great thoracic vessels and we performed an urgent operation. After thoracotomy we found haemopericardium, bleeding wounds on the anterior and posterior haemorrhagic wall of the left pulmonary artery. We found the projectile inside the wall of the bronchus impacted. The bleeding wounds were finger-tamponaded and sutured. On the tenth postoperative day the patient was discharged from our clinic without complaint. The surgical approach to specific thoracic great vessels is also described.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Endothelin does not interact with angiotensin II in the coronary vascular bed of anesthetized dogs.

We postulated that individually subthreshold circulating levels of angiotension II (Ang II) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) might induce fulminant coronary vasoconstriction when both are present. In 16 pentobarbital-anesthetized, open-chest mongrel dogs, blood pressure, heart rate, and standard ECG were registered continuously. Coronary blood flow (CBF) was measured in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) by an electromagnetic flow probe. Drugs were administered into the LAD via an indwelling catheter. Bolus injections of Ang II (7.8 x 10(-13) to 3.9 x 10(-11) M) and ET-1 (10(-12) to 10(-9) M) induced a dose-dependent decrease in CBF (delta CBFmax -82 +/- 10% for Ang II and -91 +/- 8% for ET-1). Simultaneous Ang II and ET-1 boluses had slightly smaller effects on CBF than the calculated additive figure. Five-minute infusions of Ang II (10(-12) to 10(-10) M/min) and ET-1 (5 x 10(-12) to 2 x 10(-10) M/min) induced a slight decrease in CBF (delta CBFmax -12 +/- 9% for Ang II and -19 +/- 9% for ET). Background ET-1 or Ang II infusions did not alter the dose-response curve of the other drug. Simultaneous Ang II and ET-1 infusions at different rates (10(-12) to 10(-10) M/min for Ang II and 5 x 10(-12) to 2 x 10(-10) M/min for ET-1) over 5 min had similar effects on CBF as the calculated additive figure (delta CBFmax -35 +/- 17% for the joint administration of the highest doses). We conclude that after simultaneous administration into the dog coronary artery, Ang II and ET-1 do not interact sufficiently to induce fulminant vasoconstriction.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1997

Ultrastructure of the isthmic nucleus and identification of the synaptic contacts received by the neurons of the crossed isthmotectal projection in Rana esculenta.

The isthmic nucleus receives its major input from the ipsilateral optic tectum and projects to both tecta. It has been regarded as a relay station that is not involved in further processing of visual information. Recent studies on the connectivity and neurochemistry of this nucleus yielded substantial new data suggesting a more important role as being a simple relay. Since data on the ultrastructure of this nucleus are scarce the aim of this study was to obtain further information about the synaptic organisation of the nucleus. The frog Rana esculenta was used for our studies. The projection neurons of the isthmic nucleus were retrogradely labelled with HRP via the crossed isthmotectal tract. The tracer has been visualised with the diaminobenzidine reaction and the synaptic contacts have been studied with the electron microscope. Analysis of the synapses and profile types showed that both symmetrical and asymmetrical synapses are present in the nucleus. The dominant synapse type is axodendritic. Presynaptic profiles contain primarily round clear vesicles, but flattened vesicles also occur. Besides the axodendritic synapses, axosomatic contacts were also found in low number. Two kinds of dense core vesicles (large round or large elongated) were seen coexisting in the above described terminals. Close membrane appositions between the cortical cells suggest the probability of electrotonic coupling. Analysis of the relative frequency of synaptic profiles in different locations of the nucleus showed that the medullar neuropile is inhomogeneous. Our data support the view that the organisation of the isthmic nucleus is more diverse than that has been supposed until recently raising new functional considerations regarding isthmic information processing.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A common morphological response of astrocytes to various injuries: "dark" astrocytes. A light and electron microscopic analysis.

Our previous studies showed that neurons became argyrophilic following different kinds of brain injuries. In the present study we demonstrated that astrocytes could also become argyrophilic following compressive or concussive head injuries and following intraperitoneal administration of pentylenetetrazole or kainic acid. Furthermore the soma, nucleus and processes of these argyrophilic astrocytes were shown in other preparations to be hyper-basophilic with the light microscope, and hyper-electron dense and shrunken at the ultrastructural level. When the head injuries were inflicted either at the 15th min. of perfusion-fixation or at the 30th min. of transcardial perfusion with chilled physiological saline, several astrocytes also became argyrophilic, hyper-basophilic, shrunken and hyper-electron dense. These data indicate that (i) the intracellular pathological event in these astrocytes is similar to that of "dark" neurons or "dark" cells of non-neural tissues, (ii) the formation of "dark" astrocytes can be independent of the actual state of metabolism, and (iii) the "dark" morphological state of astrocytes might have a role in neuropathological processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Surgical treatment of pancreatic head and periampullary tumors.

The aim of this study was the comparison of the postoperative results of standard Whipple pancreatoduodenectomy (WP), pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) and palliative bypass operation performed for treatment of pancreatic head and periampullary tumors. In the period from Jan. 1992 to 1996 106 patients had tumors located in the head of pancreas and 21 patients had periampullary tumors. The diagnosis was established by ERCP, transabdominal ultrasonography and computer tomography. We assessed the morbidity, mortality, prognostical data of the surgery of pancreatic head and periampullary tumors. Tumor markers such as CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 125 were also studied. The operability rate was 26% in case of pancreatic head tumors and 69% in peri ampullary tumors. The mortality rate was 6%. Postoperative complications were in 23 patients(18.1%). There was no significant difference between the survival of WP and PPPD group, but we found much better survival in patients with periampullary tumor. After palliative operation the survival rate was 6.1 months in case of pancreatic head carcinoma and 11 months in case of periampullary tumors. Our data provided many evidences about the advantage of PPPD in the patients with malignant periampullary and pancreas head tumors and the long-term results and quality of life is much better after PPPD.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1997

Improvement of swallowing ability in advanced oesophageal cancer.

Without different types of palliation the patients with inoperable oesophageal cancer have a poor quality of life, rapid weight loss which leads to death. The aim of palliation is the complete relief of dysphagia. Our modified procedure is a simplified way of a well known method described by Tytgat in 1986. The prosthesis is positioned under continuous visual control using only local anaesthesia. This method is safe and not expensive. During the last three years 73 consecutive patients were treated with palliative fiberoscopic intubation with Tygon prosthesis. 46 patients had esophageal carcinoma, 19 had gastric, 8 had pulmonary carcinoma obstructing the gullet. Among them 11 patients had bronchoesophageal fistula. The early complications were perforations (7) bleeding (2), and later complications: food impaction (5) tumor overgrowth (5) and tube migration (2). The mortality was 2%. All patients have received antibiotic prevention. Although the improvement of life quality is more important than extension of life, for many patients survival will be prolonged due to improved nutrition as a result of treatment. This study summaries our experience with this technique and analyzes the problems and complications encountered in our patients.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1997

Lymphonodal response to sensitization with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in laboratory rats.

White laboratory rats were used for the experiments. Their popliteal lymph nodes were investigated after sensitization with DNCB (2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene) and i.c. injection of 3-H-thymidine and Patent Blue Violet at several intervals following the challenge with the hapten DNCB. Changes of weight of lymph nodes, further uptake of tritiated thymidine by the cells were investigated by auto -radiography, while the content of 3-H-DNA indicating an increased DNA metabolism due to blastic transformation of the small lymphocytes was determined by a liquid scintillation method. The authors found a significantly increased weight of lymph nodes and a higher percentage of labelled cells following antigenic stimulus of i.c. injected DNCB compared to non-sensitized lymph nodes of the control rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Monitoring of gastric acidity following ductal decompression surgery for chronic pancreatitis.

The accepted decompression methods of chronic pancreatitis are the longitudinal pancreaticogastrostomy and the conventional pancreaticojejunostomy. The aim of the present study was to estimate the effect of these types of drainage operations on gastric acidity and to evaluate the clinical results. Between Jan. 1992 to 1996 56 patients with chronic pancreatitis were selected into the investigation who were operated in our clinic. A 24 hour gastric monitoring was taken on every patient before and 6 weeks after the operation. Following a complete postoperative check up we found that both types of operations are effective for pain relief (71%). Retrospectively 83% of the patients had no digestive problems due to pancreatic enzyme substitution. According to our statistical evaluation of 24 hour gastric pH monitoring test no alteration was detected in gastric pH in both groups pre- and postoperatively. On the basis of pH measuring and evaluated data we consider that pancreaticogastrostomy is a good operation choice to relieve intractable pain in selected patients with chronic pancreatitis associated with duct dilatation.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1997

Postoperative chemoembolism treatment of primary and metastatic malignant hepatic tumours.

Between 1992 and 1996 62 patients were operated for primary malignant and metastatic hepatic tumours. After the operation 31 patients received cytostatical treatment, 9 patients were treated with the method of chemoembolism. 46 patients are alive 30.7 (5-54) months after the operation. 9 patients died 12.5 (3-27) months after the resection of the liver. Authors have favourable experiences on the treatment of chemoembolism.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1994

[Relationship between urticaria-like toxic allergic exanthema and infection by toxin-producing Staphylococcus strains in infants].

The author observed that in the throat and/or nasal culture of approximately 80% of little children admitted to hospital with urticaria-like toxic-allergic exanthem, exotoxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus could be isolated. In 15 of the 19 cases presented. Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST-1) and in 4 cases various enterotoxins were identified. With aimed antibiotic treatment the skin symptoms of the children healed up in 3-4 days. Thus, the following question is raised: when facing the Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin for the first time, why do children develop only skin symptoms, without severe complications of the Toxic Shock Syndrome observed in adult patients. It is assumed that similarly to classic infectious diseases, the course of the illness is milder in little childhood and the frequency of complications are lower than in adulthood. This phenomenon may be attributed to the immature immune reactivity of little children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

The contralaterally projecting neurons of the isthmic nucleus in five anuran species: a retrograde tracing study with HRP and cobalt.

The morphology of projection neurons of the isthmic nucleus was studied in Rana esculenta, R. nigromaculata, Bufo marinus, B. bufo gargarizans, and Xenopus laevis from a comparative anatomical point of view. The main point of this work was to provide an anatomical basis for electrophysiological studies. Neurons projecting to the ipsilateral optic tectum were labeled by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and cobaltous lysine complex injected into the optic tectum. Contralaterally projecting cells were filled by injecting the tracer substances into the crossed isthmotectal tract. Cells of the anterior nonrim cortex and the rostral part of the medulla project to the ipsilateral tectum. A band of cells in the middle of the medulla, a few cells in the caudal part of the medulla, and most of the neurons in the rim cortex project to the contralateral tectum. Five types of neurons were distinguished in the rim cortex of R. esculenta. Most of them have piriform perikarya and their dendrites arborize in the rim neuropil. In the medulla of the isthmic nucleus of R. esculenta, seven types of neurons were distinguished. Most of these neurons also exist in the other species. Medullary cells are piriform, fusiform, or multipolar, and are variable in size and in dendritic arborization. The isthmic neurons of the two Ranae and Bufo species are similar. The dominant cell types in Xenopus are multipolar with extensive dendritic arborization, which occupies more space in the nucleus than in the other species. Neurons with narrow dendritic trees may represent a system of fine resolution, and those neurons with extensive dendritic arborization may belong to a coarser system.

Animals↗