Biomedical subjects

P Tenchini

Publications and source records attributed to P Tenchini.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1985

[The other face of oxygen (1)].

The other face this two-faced Janus, the oxygen, allows us, by now, to see dimly is the bad, aggressive one shown by its free radicals, should they escape the respiratory machine, or, rather, should they follow the respiratory explosion of leucocytes and macrophage, or the same compromission of the cellular structure. The antioxidative mechanisms, although articulate and quibbled, appear inadequate, also because the oxygen radicals are formed on the outer side of the cellular membrane, and, just in the intercellular space, the defensive protections are extremely poor. If lung deserves a particular status, being the usual point of aggression by the oxygen radicals: here, these active metabolites are produced by its macrophage, but also by its endothelial cells, especially in conditions of hyperoxy; all organs and segments are their targets. Besides the immediate results, which are also caused by oxidizers having a long half-life, there are mediate results, essentially rotating around the arachidonic acid, a sort of multiplicating pin, with its products of the cyclooxygenase line (thromboxane A2, endoperoxides, prostacyclins) and the lipoxygenase line (the wide range of leukotrienes). But not even this "free body", in a position to escape, provided it wants so, the enzymatic control, seems inclined to free itself, what attenuates its bad face, from a basic rule in animal biology, that is, "negative feedback".

Arachidonic Acids↗

PubMed1985

[Biology and surgery: a team of disciplines or merely two disciplines? (1)].

The present work questions itself about the "ideal" relation between biology and surgery, the necessarily bloody arm of medicine, namely, of that science man has been preparing, parallel with his culture, to enrich the wideness of the defensive slope of his biologic curriculum. Does the instructiveness, we were accustomed to by the university route, give a satisfactory answer? Does not the preparation of a biologic basis seem nearly the arrangement of a compulsory stage, from which to subsequently deviate also in name of technology and by means of same? Surgery can draw advantages or disadvantages from such a way? In the oncologic field it represented the introduction to the anatomical and mechanistic principles which inspired Halsted's thought about radical intervention. At the same time, a sort of dam against the biologic questions was built. Yet, to-day the first leaks occurred, and through them biology prepares itself to flood into surgery, more and more massively.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1985

[Blood coagulation in 222 cases of solid malignant neoplasms].

We have examined 222 patients with nonterminal solid malignant tumors in order to study the possible variations on the hemocoagulation system due to neoplasia. Only patients whose hemocoagulation system could be proven normal by test made before the malignant neoplasia appeared were taken into consideration. Our study was based on the following tests: platelet count, platelet adhesiveness and aggregation, prothrombin time, thrombin time, thrombotest, antithrombin 3, thrombin-coagulase, activity partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, reptilase time. Our study showed there was no relevant difference between the results tests of healthy people taken as points or reference and those of our patients. We did find however a slight but diffuse alteration of all, or almost all, the components of the hemostatic and coagulation system. These variations however were not significant enough to enable us to prove any connection between the neoplasia and the whole hemocoagulation system.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

[The story of oxygen (2)].

The authors, in this second part of the oxygen story, resolutely cross the borders of the biophysical field, and face the origins and becoming of life, the stages of which are synthesized in "casket" terms, unusual for surgeons: "protobionts", "procariots", "cyanobacteria", "chlorophyll", "caroteonides", "fermentation", "anaerobic glycolysis", "eucariots", "respiratory chain", "mitocondria". This is not an unconventional biological exercise, but the effort to give clinics a more legible ground, a sort of common denominator of the most different pathologies, and, among these ones, at the first place, just those of the specialistic branch, also less frequenter of biology, that is, surgery. This common denominator, the oxygen radicals represent the emerging apex of, like the peak of an iceberg, in fact, can be only investigated through an exasperated "philogenetic" recovering. Such process of "archaeology" seems to be the only suitable to supply us the cipher-key of the ambiguous, shifty character of oxygen, and entrust us with a cultural patrimony being unique as it is spendable in an immediate clinical future.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1985

[Quantitative and functional assay of AT III in neoplastic pathology].

Our study compares the results obtained through the assay of AT III following two methods, the functional and the immunological one, carried out on plasma of 222 patients affected with solid malignant neoplasia. The purpose of our research was to examine the behaviour of AT III, a protein having a peculiar function in the complex coagulation mechanism. At least among healthy people, this function was and is correlated to its blood concentration. All examined subjects suffered from solid malignant neoplasia either of the respiratory tract or gastro-intestinal tract or sexual organs or urinary tract. From our research patients with liver neoplasia diagnosis have been excluded since the cancer seat might have significant implications on the genesis of coagulation factors and therefore on AT III itself. The age of patients as well as controls - formed by 100 clinically healthy donors-ranged between 30 and 70. At the very beginning patients were divided into groups according to the basic pathology (cancer seat) but then, since no great differences were noted between the groups, all patients were examined irrespective of the type and seat of neoplasia. The followed methods are: a functional method which tends to measure the total AT III capacity assay acting in enzyme excess. S 2238 (Kabi) being the chromogene substratum used; an immunological method which tends to measure the molecule blood concentration taking advantage of its antigenic properties. While on one hand the obtained results have shown a good correlation between the two methods in controls i.c. healthy subjects, on the other hand a significant difference has been noted between the AT III activity and its blood concentration in non healthy subjects as if to prove the interference of neoplasia in the blood coagulation process. In the patients affected with neoplasia the functional as well as the quantitative aspect - which can be considered synonyms in healthy subjects being the one indicative of the other - show that the delicate balance on which the coagulation mechanism is based has been upset.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Leiomyomata of the oesophagus: report of four surgically-treated cases.

Four patients with leiomyoma of the upper or middle third of the oesophagus treated by surgical excision are reported. All operations were performed through a right thoracotomy with simple enucleation of the lesion. Two patients were asymptomatic. In one the tumour had a spiral configuration almost completely surrounding the lumen. No complications occurred. Early surgical treatment is advised although the tumour grows slowly.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

[Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases of colorectal cancer].

The pulmonary metastatic locations due to colorectal cancer were considered, in not remote times, not worthy of surgical treatment. At present, according to our experience and some other Authors' one, the surgical removal of metachronal pulmonary metastases should be considered suitable to improve the period of life free from symptoms and the survival. The surgical treatment has improved the survival in the single or double pulmonary locations, whereas the monolaterality of multiple pulmonary lesions, in respect of the bilaterality, was not significantly bettered the prognosis (Hiroshi Takita, Francis Edgerton). The survival, moreover, seems to be affected by the interval free from illness and by the doubling time of the metastatic location. The surgical indication to the pulmonary metastasectomy is done on condition of the absence of any metastases in other organs. In our experience, out of 742 interventions with radical purposes for colorectal cancer, we documented 15 cases where lung appeared as the first and sole metastatic filter (many patients were lost for their non-cooperation in the follow-up). In 7 cases pulmonary resections were performed, in patients selected and free from secondary locations in other organs, with a satisfactory result. Casuistry and personal results are reported.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

[Pregnancy and enterostomy].

The authors describe the difficulties and possible complications of pregnancy in colonostomized women. In the neoplastic forms, generally appearing in advanced age, the knowledge of the basic disease discourages any possible attempt at pregnancy. In the chronic inflammatory diseases (ulcerous rectocolitis and Crohn's disease), typical of young age, pregnancy, if opportunely followed and programmed, can get an absolutely favourable course. The authors report their own experiences and some other authors' ones.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗

PubMed1985

[The other face of oxygen (2)].

The authors, in this second part of "The other face of Oxygen", pay attention no more to O2, the "untrustworthy" protagonist of oxidation, but to the opposite side, namely the "physiologic" antioxidative protections. Such antioxidative protections, which were being prepared and improved in cell, in interstices and in organic liquids, during millions of pears, perhaps represent the "most true" witness of the always "traumatic" cohabitation between organisms, although eukaryote, and oxygen. This, after all, in spite of the evolutive push, remained an element "foreign" to life, although, paradoxically, first protagonist of it. Similarly, "singularly foreign" appear mitochondria, namely the forges specifically entrusted with the respiratory metabolism.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Cholecystostomy and PTBD in the treatment of obstructive jaundice (a comparative study).

The Authors compare two groups of patients suffering from obstructive jaundice due to neoplasia of the head of the pancreas or the terminal bile duct who undergo bile drainage by means of cholecystostomy via the percutaneous transhepatic route, in order to reduce icterus, and subsequently undergo a duodenocephalopancreatectomy. The two groups are then compared with a third group in which duodenocephalopancreatectomy was performed without a preoperative reduction in the jaundice. The decrease in bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase, the drainage period, the nature and length of the post-operative course and the average total hospitalisation period are analysed. Whereas the recovery of hepatic function is comparable in the three groups, in the group undergoing percutaneous transhepatic bile drainage the post-operative course is decidedly better (lower morbidity and a shorter period of hospitalisation).

Aged↗

PubMed1983

[Pancreatic fistulas: evaluation of medical treatment in 50 observed cases].

The authors, on the basis of their experience concerning the observation and treatment of 50 patients sucering from "pure" pancreatic fistula, appraise the results of the therapy adopted. From their experience it results the Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is the choice protection in such patients. They report some encouraging preliminary results through the use of Somatostatin.

Humans↗

PubMed1983

[Primary malignant neoplasia of the exocrine pancreas: epidemiological findings, risk factors, early diagnosis. Personal case reports, 1970-1981].

The Authors report their own casuistry of malignant tumours of exocrine pancreas, collected in the period from 1970 up to 1981. The question was of 214 cases, namely 136 of head and 78 of body-tail or diffused. The male/female ratio was 2.3:1, the most affected decades were 6th and 7th, with a range of 27-86 years. The resecability was 27% for tumours of head and 24% for those of tail; the operative mortality was 10.8% and 17.6% respectively; the survival after 3 years was 6.8% (head) and 5.8% (body-tail), after 5 years 6% (head) and zero (body-tail). In analysing the etiopathogenetic rôle of some factors and some pathological associations, the Authors particularly point out the predisposing rôle of both tobacco smoke and diabetes, remarked in 50% and 33% of the cases observed, respectively. From a symptomatologic standpoint, the symptoms are subdivided into initial symptoms (retrospectively interpreted as first manifestation of the disease), symptoms of alarma (leading to the attending physician's), symptoms at the entrance (hospitalization), and importance is given to the exploitation of the initial symptoms for the purpose to reach a diagnosis as precocious as possible, since 40% of the tumours of head are hospitalized only after 8-16 weeks and 33% of the tumours of body-tail after 16-32 weeks from the arising of the first symptom.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

[Cystic neoformations of the retroperitoneal space (4 case reports)].

Based on the study of four cases of retroperitoneal cysts, the complex histopathogenesis of these neoplasms - the clinical diagnosis of which has recorded substantial progress thanks to the use of the computed tomography - has been analyzed. The practice of exeresis, though comparatively simple and radical in most cases (as recorded in 3 out of the 4 cases reported) owing to the little adhesions of these neoplasms to the contiguous anatomical formations and also to their histological benignity, may, in some instances, present such unexpected difficulties due to the expansion in volume and the complex and delicate anatomical connections, that palliative operations have to be opted for.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

[Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm. Diagnostic problems and surgical therapy].

The Authors show 10 cases of traumatic disruption of diaphragm, subsequent to close or open trauma, all subjected to urgency operation. They discuss the problems concerning diagnosis and surgical tactics, and point out the frequency of visceral and osseous associated lesions and their importance in conditioning prognosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[Biliary ileus caused by incarceration of a large gallbladder calculus in the duodenal bulb in a young man].

A case of gallstone ileus is presented, secondary to a biliary-enteric fistula with obstruction of the duodenal bulb, in a 23 year-old man. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy because his clinical condition was deteriorating steadily. An intraoperative diagnosis of gallstone ileus was formulated; a cholecystectomy and a suture of the duodenal opening were carried out.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

[Vascular problems in destructive pancreatic surgery].

Obstacles of vascular type may hinder or prevent pancreatic destruction for tumours of the pancreas or periampullary tumours. Out of 72 major pancreatic demolitions (cephalic duodenopancreatectomy or subtotal pancreatectomy from rt to lt) there were vascular difficulties on 26 occasions (36%), of which 15 were in existence prior to development of the neoplasia (anomalies of rise and course of peripancreatic vessels, stenosis/obliteration of the common hepatic artery in pancreatic head or periampullary tumours) and 11 due to tumoral growth (direct involvement of the mesenteric-portal tract, the hepatic artery and the superior mesenteric artery). The technical solutions used are discussed individually in the light of the physiopathological repercussions consequent on any temporary or permanent interruption of important hepatic and splanchnic vascularisation vessels (hepatic artery and various mesenteric a.), in relation to operating mortality and the prospects of long-term survival. In the most complex cases of direct vascular involvement by the neoplasia, the Author's trend was orientated to a position which, while accepting demolition decisions useful for the widening of the surgical radicality margins, nevertheless avoids extensive demolition solutions imposed by conditions of necessity or considerations of principle that probably do not bring significant advantages as regards long-term prognosis for these tumours.

Aged↗

PubMed1982

[Endobronchial lipomas].

The authors report three cases of endobronchial lipoma, and study the etiopathogenesis and the main clinical and therapeutical aspects of such neoplasiae. Both diagnosis and treatment should be timely, in order to prevent irreversible damages to lung parenchyma, compelling surgeons to mutilating operations making the function of the apparatus heavier.

Aged↗

PubMed1982

[Vascular problems in pancreatic demolitory surgery].

Aged↗