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Biomedical subjects

P Thune

Publications and source records attributed to P Thune.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Inhibiting effects of antioxidants on drug-induced phototoxicity in cell cultures. Investigations with sulphonamide-derived oral antidiabetics and diuretics.

The sulphonamide-derived oral antidiabetics chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, glipizide, gliquidone, glymidine, tolazamide and tolbutamide, and the diuretics bemetizide, bendroflumethiazide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide, bumetanide, butizide, chlortalidone, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, indapamide, piretanide, polythiazide, trichlormethiazide and xipamide were investigated for phototoxicity in a cell culture model. Cell death dependent on ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation fluence and test substance concentration was observed in the presence of the oral antidiabetics glibenclamide and gliquidone, as well as the diuretics bemetizide, bendroflumethiazide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide, bumetanide, butizide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, piretanide, polythiazide and trichlormethiazide. Bendroflumethiazide was phototoxic at concentrations of 0.05 mM and above; bemetizide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide, bumetanide and hydroflumethiazide were phototoxic at concentrations of 0.25 mM or more; the oral antidiabetics glibenclamide and gliquidone, as well as the diuretics butizide, hydrochlorothiazide, piretanide, polythiazide and trichlormethiazide were phototoxic at concentrations of 0.5 mM. To evaluate the effects of antioxidants, ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene or ubiquinone was added to the tissue culture flasks before irradiation. The phototoxic inhibition of the colony-forming ability was largely reduced by the addition of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherole, indicating the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the phototoxic process.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1996

Photodegradation products of sulphonamide-derived oral antidiabetics and diuretics are not phototoxic in vitro.

The oral antidiabetics glibenclamide and glipizide, and the diuretics bendroflumethiazide and furosemide, all sulphonamide derived drugs, were investigated in vitro for phototoxic properties. Irradiation with broad-band UV induced phototoxic inhibition of colony forming ability in cell cultures. During irradiation, the substances lost one absorption maximum in the UVA region, demonstrated by UV spectroscopy. These findings correlate well with the UV applied, the action spectrum being in the UVA region. Photoproducts detected during and after irradiation showed a decomposition of the substances due to ionization and fragmentation. Incubation of these preirradiated drugs with the cell cultures revealed no phototoxic effects.

Bendroflumethiazide↗
PubMed1996

Phototoxicity due to sulphonamide derived oral antidiabetics and diuretics: investigations in a cell culture model.

A number of sulphonamide-derived oral antidiabetics (chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, glipizide, gliquidone, glymidine, tolazamide and tolbutamide) and diuretics (bemetizide, bendroflumethiazide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide, bumetanide, butizide, chloratalidone, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, indapamide, piretanide, polythiazide, trichlormethiazide and xipamide) were investigated for phototoxicity in a cell culture model. Cell death dependent on ultraviolet A fluence and test substance concentration was observed in the presence of the oral antidiabetics glibenclamide and gliquidone, as well as the diuretics bemetizide, bendroflumethiazide, benzyl-hydrochlorothiazide, bumetanide, butizide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, piretanide, polythiazide and trichlormethiazide. Bendroflumethiazide was phototoxic at 5x10(-5) M and higher concentrations, bemetizide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide, bumetanide and hydroflumethiazide were phototoxic at 2.5x10(-4) M and higher concentrations, and the oral antidiabetics glibenclamide and gliquidone as well as the diuretics butizide, hydrochlorothiazide, piretanide, polythiazide and trichlormethiazide were phototoxic at 5(-4) M and higher concentrations. Electron microscopic investigations showed swelling of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum as well as aggregation of euchromatin when the cells were irradiated in the presence of photosensitizers.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

[Contact allergy to essential oils].

Ethereal oils are widely used, in food, toothpaste, as flavouring agents in perfumes and cosmetics, and in dermatological treatment, as antiseptics, adstringenta, antipruritic tinctures, lotions and pomades. The use of ethereal oils seems to have increased in recent years, probably due to a growing interest in alternative medicine, and especially aromatherapy. By describing the cases of three patients with allergic contact dermatitis, we wish to point out possible unwanted side effects of using ethereal oils.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Dermatomyositis and cancer. A retrospective study].

In a retrospective study, the files of 19 patients with dermatomyositis examined at our departments from 1970 to 1993 were reviewed. The parameters studied were age, sex, muscle enzyme values, muscle biopsies, electromyographical findings and interval from onset of dermatomyositis until first visit to the department. Out of 19 patients with dermatomyositis, 18 were adults and in nine of these the condition was associated with cancer (three out of three men, six out of 15 women). Electromyographical findings were pathological in 17 investigated patients and myositis was indicated in 13 out of 15 biopsies. Muscle enzyme values were elevated in seven out of nine patients with cancer and in three out of nine without. Out of five patients with dysphagia, four patients had cancer. The risk of cancer is increased in patients with dermatomyositis. Factors indicating a poor prognosis regarding the association between dermatomyositis and cancer in our study were old age, male sex and dysphagia.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Atopic eczema].

Atopic eczema is one of the most common skin diseases of our time, and has commonly been regarded, without further proof, as caused by allergic factors. Although allergy may be involved in some cases, it is probably no more than an exacerbating factor and not the underlying cause. This has important implications for diagnosis and therapy. In recent years the interest has centred on the functional aspects of the skin barrier, with emphasis on lipid constituents in stratum corneum. The authors present some new data on the barrier function which are relevant to diagnosis and therapy.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed1994

[Cercarial dermatitis or swimmer's itch--a little-known but frequently occurring disease in Norway].

Cercarial dermatitis or "swimmers' itch" has occurred in several places in Norway during the warm summer months. It is a maculopapular eruption associated with the penetration of the skin by cercaria of non-human schistosomes. Man is an accidental host, the primary hosts being birds or rodents. The penetration of the cercariae into the skin produces a prickling or itching sensation, followed by macules and papules or even urticarial and vesicular eruption in the case of heavy and repeated exposures. This allergic reaction is poorly understood. Two cases from the Oslo area are described. The treatment is entirely symptomatic. Antihistamines and cortisone cream may help to alleviate the itch.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Dietary supplementation with very long-chain n-3 fatty acids in patients with atopic dermatitis. A double-blind, multicentre study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether fish oil and/or corn oil had a beneficial effect on the clinical state of atopic dermatitis, and to evaluate the dietary intake of nutrients in this group of patients. In a double-blind, multicentre study lasting 4 months, during wintertime, 145 patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis were randomly assigned to receive either 6 g/day of concentrated n-3 fatty acids, or an isoenergetic amount of corn oil. As local treatment, only an emollient cream or hydrocortisone cream was allowed. The fatty acid pattern in serum phospholipids, and the dietary intake of nutrients were monitored in a subgroup of patients, and the results were compared with a group of patients with psoriasis. The overall clinical score, as evaluated by the physicians, improved during the trial by 30% in the fish oil (P < 0.001) and 24% in the corn oil group (P < 0.001). This was also consistent with the results from a selected skin area, and it was further confirmed by the total subjective clinical score reported by the patients. There were no significant differences in the clinical scores between the two groups at baseline, and at the end of the study. In the fish oil group, the amount of n-3 fatty acids in serum phospholipids was significantly increased at the end of the trial, compared with pretreatment values (P < 0.001), whereas the level of n-6 fatty acids was decreased (P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Photosensitivity reaction to methenamine hippurate. A case report.

We describe a 70-year-old woman who in the summer of 1992 presented at our department with an erythematous and blistering rash on the sun-exposed areas of her face, trunk and upper limbs. She had been taking methenamine hippurate for several years to prevent urinary tract infections after an cystopexia operation. Oral photoprovocation with the drug revealed an immediate reaction after 3 J of ultraviolet A not seen before oral photoprovocation.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Effect of dietary supplementation with very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids in patients with psoriasis.

BACKGROUND: In several studies dietary fish oil has been found to have beneficial effect on psoriasis, but the results are contradictory and based mainly on open studies or studies of small numbers of patients. METHODS: In a four-month double-blind, multicenter trial, we randomly assigned 145 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis to receive in their diet either highly purified ethyl esters of n-3 fatty acids ("fish oil"; 6 g of oil per day, containing 5 g of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid) or an isoenergetic amount of corn oil containing mainly n-6 fatty acids. All the patients were advised to reduce their intake of saturated fatty acids. A 48-hour dietary recall was performed, and the fatty-acid pattern in the serum phospholipids was monitored in a subgroup of patients. RESULTS: In the fish-oil group, n-3 fatty acids were increased in serum phospholipids (P < 0.001), the ratio of arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid decreased (P < 0.001), and the level of n-6 fatty acids decreased (P < 0.001). In the corn-oil group, only docosahexaenoic acid increased significantly (P < 0.05). The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids increased in both groups. Plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol decreased from base line in the fish-oil group (P < 0.05). The score on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, as evaluated by the physicians, did not change significantly during the trial in either group. This was also true of a total subjective score reported by the patients, but a selected area of skin in the corn-oil group showed a significant reduction in the clinical signs (P < 0.05). Scaling was reduced from base line in both groups (P < 0.01). The fish-oil group had less cellular infiltration (P < 0.01), and the corn-oil group had improvement in desquamation and redness (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in clinical manifestations between the groups. Among the patients in the fish-oil group, an increase in the concentration of n-3 fatty acids in serum phospholipids was not accompanied by clinical improvement, whereas in the corn-oil group there was a significant correlation between clinical improvement and an increase in eicosapentaenoic acid and total n-3 fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary supplementation with very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids was no better than corn-oil supplementation in treating psoriasis. Clinical improvement was not correlated with an increase in the concentration of n-3 fatty acids in serum phospholipids among the patients in the fish-oil group, whereas there was a significant correlation between clinical improvement and an increase in eicosapentaenoic acid and total n-3 fatty acids in the corn-oil group.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Epicutaneous testing (patch testing)].

At present, patch testing is the only practical way of diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis, manifested as delayed hypersensitivity (type IV reaction). It can serve to confirm relevant allergens, but may also help to exclude suspected contact sensitivity. The test procedure varies somewhat from one clinic to another but has been standardized by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Choice of test materials and their application may appear simple, but test readings and interpretation of results are most important. Positive reactions can be positive (allergic) or false positive (irritant), and relevant or not relevant to an existing or previous dermatitis. The dermatologist is the person best qualified to diagnose contact dermatitis by this test procedure.

Dermatitis, Allergic Contact↗
PubMed1993

[Delayed allergy against rubber gloves. An occupational dermatitis among health personnel].

Allergic reactions to rubber gloves, an increasing problem in medical health services, have become an prominent topic in occupational dermatology. A broad spectrum of immunological mechanisms are involved, from antibody-induced immediate reactions to delayed cell-mediated reactions. We review the causes of the reactions and discuss diagnostic procedures. The main allergens are rubber additives, such as accelerators and antioxidants. In this connection it is important to develop and produce gloves using other basic materials and ingredients, and thereby avoid the most frequent allergens.

Dermatitis, Occupational↗