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P Tuppin

Publications and source records attributed to P Tuppin.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

High prevalence of antibodies to Mycoplasma penetrans in human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative and -seropositive populations in Brazzaville, Congo.

In industrialized countries, the prevalence of antibodies to Mycoplasma penetrans is higher among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive homosexuals than other HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative groups. In an African heterosexual population, we found a higher prevalence of M. penetrans antibodies in HIV-seronegative blood donors (15.5%) than in France (0.9%) or the United States (0.3%) and a prevalence of 13.4% in HIV-seropositive individuals. HIV-seropositive individuals with less than 5% CD4 cells had a higher prevalence of M. penetrans antibodies than individuals with 5% or more CD4 cells (25.0 versus 8.5%).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Cornea procurement and grafts and number of patients on waiting lists. Data collection in France between 1990 and 1994].

OBJECTIVES: Analyze annual corneal graft procurement and transplantation in France. METHODS: Data collected from all public and private health centers in France in a survey conducted in August 1994 by the general health directory were analyzed by the French Graft authorities. RESULTS: Between 1990 and the first semester 1994, an annual mean of 3205 corneal grafts were performed in France. The annual number of grafts fell by 27% between 1991 and 1992 then stabilized at 2700 grafts per year. Eighty percent of the grafts were performed in public institutions. Less than 4% of the patients were foreigners. The number of patients on waiting lists on June 30, 1994 was 7129, i.e. 2.7 times the number of transplantations in 1993. Mean annual cornea procurement between 1991 and the first semester 1994 was 2930. Corneas were removed at the morgue in 78% of the cases or in the operating room in 19% (multiple organ procurement) and 1.5% (cornea alone). Grafted corneas came from public hospitals in 72% of the cases. Fifty-seven percent of the grafts used in private institutions were imported. The mean annual number of imported corneas can be estimated at 280. This number has increased by 127% since 1990 and corresponds to 8% of the grafted corneas. CONCLUSION: The number of corneal grafts in France is similar to that in other European countries, but the number of patients on waiting lists is high and French eye banks had a restricted role.

Cornea↗
PubMed1996

Evidence in Gabon for an intrafamilial clustering with mother-to-child and sexual transmission of a new molecular variant of human T-lymphotropic virus type-II subtype B.

Following the observation of an HTLV-II seropositive 60-year-old woman living in Gabon (Central Africa), a serologic and molecular study of her family members was conducted in an attempt to determine the duration of the HTLV-II infection and the modes of transmission of the virus. Among 41 family members, five were HTLV-I seropositive and 7 exhibited specific HTLV-II antibodies in their sera as demonstrated by high immunofluorescence titers on C19 cells and/or specific Western-blot pattern. The second husband of the index case and two of his sisters were infected by the virus, suggesting the presence of HTLV-II in this family over two generations. Sequence analysis of an amplified fragment of 172 nucleotides within the gp21 of the env region (6469-6640) of four HTLV-II infected individuals revealed a new HTLV-II molecular variant of the subtype b diverging from the prototypes NRA and G12 by seven (4.1%) and five (2.9%) bases substitutions, respectively. Molecular analysis of the total env gene (1462 bp) and fragments of the pol and pX regions confirmed that this new African variant was the most divergent HTLV-II subtype b yet described, exhibiting 2.3% of nucleotide substitutions in the env gene (33 bases) as compared to the two HTLV-II b prototypes. These data demonstrate, for the first time in Africa, intrafamilial both mother-to-child transmission and sexual transmission between spouses of an HTLV-II b molecular variant, and also suggest that this virus has been present in Gabon for a long period of time.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Search for the presence of six Mycoplasma species in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of subjects seropositive and seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus.

The prevalence of Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma pirum, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Mycoplasma penetrans was investigated by using specific PCR assays with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects infected or not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Only M. fermentans was detected in 5.8% of 154 HIV-seropositive and 11.1% of 90 HIV-seronegative subjects.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Risk factors for maternal HTLV-I infection in French Guiana: high HTLV-I prevalence in the Noir Marron population.

The aim of this study was to compare rates of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) seroprevalence in pregnant women belonging to different ethnic groups in French Guiana and to determine the risk factors associated with HTLV-I seropositivity. All 1,873 deliveries between 1 July 1991 and 30 June 1993 in the only gynecologic and obstetric unit at Saint Laurent du Maroni were enrolled. Serologic status could be established for 1,727 women, with 75 (4.3%) being HTLV-I seropositive. The HTLV-I seroprevalence rate differed significantly between ethnic groups: 5.7% for Noir-Marron (70/1,302), 6.3% for Haitian (3/50), and 0% for Creole (126), Amerindians (166), and Hmong (64). In Noir-Marron pregnant women, HTLV-I seropositivity was associated with a maternal age of > 35 years [odds ratio (OR), 3.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-7.6], prior miscarriage (OR, 1.7; CI, 1-2.8), prior cesarean section (OR, 2.1; CI, 1.1-4.0), a parity > 4 (OR, 4.0; CI, 1.8-8.8), a gravidity > 6 (OR, 4.2; CI, 2.0-7.2), and a negative Rhesus factor (OR, 2.2; CI, 1.1-4.5). Two separate stepwise logistic regressions were done because gravidity and parity were highly correlated. HTLV-I seropositivity remained associated with a gravidity > 6 (OR, 3.9; CI, 2.1-7.4) and a negative Rhesus factor (OR, 2.6; CI, 1.2-5.3) for the first model and with a parity > 4 (OR, 4.1; CI, 1.9-9.0) and a negative Rhesus factor (OR, 2.5; CI, 1.2-5.1) for the second model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Association of Mycoplasma penetrans with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

A cross-sectional study was done to determine the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma penetrans in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-seropositive and -seronegative persons recruited in France. The data were analyzed with respect to the sociodemographic, clinical, and biologic status of the patients. M. penetrans seropositivity was associated with HIV infection (18.2% of HIV-seropositive vs. 1.3% of HIV-seronegative persons were M. penetrans-seropositive; P < .001). M. penetrans infection was predominantly but not exclusively associated with homosexual practices in HIV-seropositive subjects and thus presumably sexually transmitted. M. penetrans seroprevalence increased with progression of HIV-associated disease. No association was found between M. penetrans and Kaposi's sarcoma. Thus, there is an unambiguous association between M. penetrans and HIV, particularly among homosexual persons, but its clinical significance remains to be investigated.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Did preterm deliveries continue to decrease in France in the 1980s?

To study the trends in gestational age and birthweight in France, we compared data from three surveys that were based on representative samples of births in 10 French regions and were conducted in 1972, 1981 and 1988-89. Only single livebirths were considered in the analysis. The rate of preterm births decreased from 7.9% in 1972 to 5.8% in 1981 and 4.0% in 1988-89. The corresponding rates of children with a birthweight below 2500 g were 5.4, 4.3 and 4.7%. The mean birthweight of preterm babies born in 1988-89 was lower than the mean birthweight of those born in 1972 and 1981. The reduction in preterm births cannot be attributed to the improved accuracy of gestational age determination, but the general use of ultrasound may have played a major role in the apparent reduction of the mean birthweight of preterm babies.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1994

Environmental and dietary risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case-control study in Zangwu County, Guangxi, China.

A case-control study was conducted on 88 incident cases of histologically confirmed undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Zangwu County, China, and 176 age- sex- and neighbourhood-matched controls. The design of this study was defined after an anthropological survey on living habits in regions of high NPC incidence and the evidence of carcinogenic substances in some commonly consumed preserved foods. Subjects were interviewed regarding living conditions and diet in the year preceding the diagnosis of NPC and, with the help of their families, during childhood and weaning. After adjustment for a living conditions score to eliminate a confounding effect, an increased risk associated with consumption of salted fish during weaning and childhood was confirmed, especially for salted fish in rice porridge. The consumption of leafy vegetables was associated with a reduced risk for NPC, and consumption of melon seeds between 2 and 10 years of age with an increased risk. After multivariate analysis and adjustment according to the living conditions score, the consumption of salted fish in rice porridge before age 2 (OR = 3.8, P = 0.005), exposure to domestic woodfire (OR = 5.4, P = 0.01) and consumption of herbal tea (OR = 4.2, P = 0.02) were found to be independently related to the risk of NPC. The excess risk associated with the use of domestic wood fire increased if there were no windows in the house and with poor ventilation and cooking outside the house in a shack. As well as confirming the importance of the consumption of salted fish in childhood, this study has been the first to provide unequivocal evidence for two other factors implicated in increasing the risk of NPC in China, the adult consumption of traditional medicines (herbal tea) and exposure to domestic wood fumes.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Trends in multiple deliveries and infertility treatments in France.

OBJECTIVE: To point out the association between infertility treatments and the increasing number of multiple deliveries. DESIGN: Comparison over time of the incidence of multiple deliveries, the proportion of deliveries resulting from assisted conception (AC), and ovulation inductor sales. DATA: Use of existing statistics: vital statistics, surveys of AC centres and ovulation inductor sales. RESULTS: Between 1972 and 1989 the incidence of twin deliveries rose from 8.8/1000 to 11.2/1000, and the incidence of triplet deliveries from 0.9/10,000 to 4.4/10,000. This upward trend was particularly remarkable among women aged 30 to 39. Since 1978, the triplet delivery rates and the sales of Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin have been rising similarly. Between 1985 and 1989, 26 per cent of the triplet deliveries followed assisted conception and nearly 50 per cent were estimated to be due to ovulation inductor agents. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a strong influence of infertility treatments and especially ovulation inductor agents in the dramatic increase of triplet deliveries.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Comparative epidemiology of HTLV and HIV retroviruses].

There are interesting contrasts between the epidemiological characteristics of the two subfamilies of human retroviruses. The oncoretrovirus HTLV-I and II are endemic in Intertropical Africa, North and South Americas and in the South of Japan. The lentiretroviruses HIV 1 and 2 are epidemic in the five continents and are progressing rapidly. The sexual transmission is much more efficient for HIV than for HTLV. The mother-to-child transmission occurs mostly by breast feeding for HTLV, while it is perinatal for HIV. Concerning the cell-virus relationship, while the oncoretroviruses stimulate and eventually immortalize the T4 or T8 target cells, the lentiretroviruses are cytocidal for the T4 cells. The contrast extends to the latent period between primary infection and disease: much longer in a case of HTLV linked to either hematological (ATL) or neurological (TSP/HAM) disorders than HIV linked to AIDS. Finally, prevention by vaccine should be achievable much earlier for HTLVs than for HIVs.

Deltaretrovirus Infections↗
PubMed1991

Imported and autochthonous kala-azar in France.

OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiological, clinical, and biological features of imported and autochthonous kala-azar in France. DESIGN: Prospective survey of all patients in France with kala-azar diagnosed over the two years 1986-7. Information was obtained from parasitology laboratories in regional hospitals and all hospital laboratories and haematology departments capable of diagnosing leishmaniasis in the south of France. SETTING: 107 public hospitals in France. PATIENTS: 89 patients with kala-azar. INTERVENTIONS: All patients were treated with drugs. In the first instance meglumine antimonate was given to all but two patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of the various clinical and biological features of kala-azar; proportion of patients with HIV infection. RESULTS: Half (44) of the patients were children under 8 years old. Seventy patients acquired the disease in France. Imported kala-azar was acquired mainly in Mediterranean countries (9/18 cases). Only 46 (52%) of the patients had all three of the classic associated clinical features of fever, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Anaemia was the commonest biological sign, and the association of the four usual biological signs--anaemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypergammaglobulinaemia--was present in only 14 (33%) of the children under 8 and 26 (60%) adults. Fourteen of the patients over 8 years old were infected with HIV. CONCLUSION: Doctors must be aware of kala-azar in Mediterranean areas, especially as patients often present without the characteristic features and the disease affects young children preferentially.

Adolescent↗