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Biomedical subjects

P Turco

Publications and source records attributed to P Turco.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Transcutaneous O2 and CO2 monitoring of bronchial responsiveness in FEV1 non-responder asthmatics during ketotifen and placebo treatment.

Effects of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) on PtcO2 and PtcCO2 time courses were studied in 26 mild asthmatics (FEV1 non-responders) in basal conditions and monitored after 2, 6, 12 and 18 weeks of randomly allocated treatment with ketotifen 1 mg b.i.d. or placebo. Magnitude and duration of both PtcO2 and PtcCO2 changes due to UNDW inhalation were progressively normalized only by ketotifen. Partial but significant protection against UNDW-induced hyperventilation was achieved after 2 weeks of treatment, complete protection (also against UNDW-induced hypoxia) being achieved later. In view of the CO2 dependency of respiratory drive and the primary structural targets of the hypo-osmotic bronchial challenge employed, these results suggest that ketotifen may affect the mucosal structures of the bronchial airways, thereby acting as a mucosal protective drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Famotidine and theophylline pharmacokinetics. An unexpected cimetidine-like interaction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The results of research studies conducted to date in vitro and in healthy volunteers are practically all concordant in demonstrating the lack of any kind of interference between famotidine and microsomal oxidative metabolism. The pharmacokinetics (elimination half-life, area under the plasma concentration-time curve, clearance and volume of distribution) of theophylline 3.4 mg/kg as an intravenous infusion over 5 min (a dosage previously used to test drug interactions with cimetidine and ranitidine) were evaluated in 7 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and peptic ulcer disease before and after 8 days' treatment with famotidine 40mg at night. The results indicate that famotidine can induce substantial and statistically significant slowing of theophylline elimination with a cimetidine-like interaction profile.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1993

[Ablation of paroxysmal tachycardia in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome].

Surgical or catheter ablation of accessory pathways by means of high energy shock has been substantial associated with morbidity and mortality. On the contrary radiofrequency current, an alternative energy source for ablation, has a low incidence of complications and a very high success rate. Aim of this study was to relate about the results using catheter ablation of accessory pathways by radiofrequency current in our Electrophysiologic laboratory. Radiofrequency current (20-40 W) was delivered between a large-tip catheter electrode positioned against the mitral or tricuspid anulus and a standard adhesive electrosurgical dispersive pad applied to the left chest wall. When possible radiofrequency delivery was guided by catheter recordings of accessory pathway activation. Ablation was attempted in 181 patients with 191 accessory pathways. We obtained successful ablation of 187/191 accessory pathways and accessory pathway conduction was eliminated in 177/181 patients. During a mean follow-up of 14 +/- 10 months preexcitation returned in 7 patients (3.9%). All underwent a second successful ablation. In 1 patient, during the procedure, we observed a transient ischemic attack, with no complications. In accordance to other reports we conclude that radiofrequency ablation is highly effective in ablating accessory pathways, with low morbidity and no mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effects of salbutamol and bitolterol mesilate on pO2 levels in asthmatic patients and healthy volunteers.

The hypoxic effects of salbutamol 200 micrograms (CAS 18559-94-9) and bitolterol mesilate 740 micrograms (Biterol, CAS 30392-41-7), both administered by pressurized aerosol, were assessed by transcutaneous pO2 monitoring in 18 asthmatic subjects and in 12 normal volunteers. Unlike the latter, the asthmatics showed a highly significant difference in ptcO2 time course after the two drugs. After bitolterol mesylate the decrease in ptcO2 was much more gradual and the maximal decrease showed a 10-min time lag vs. salbutamol, which may partly explain the well known chronotropic effect of bitolterol. The clinical importance of the beta 2-induced hypoxemia may be related more to the dynamics of the ptcO2 decrease than to its absolute magnitude, which is usually fairly moderate.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Phase image analysis in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Role of transesophageal pacing.

Phase image analysis (first Fourier harmonic transformation) has been performed in 5 men with WPW syndrome to define the abnormal patterns of ventricular emptying during sinus rhythm and transesophageal pacing at different rates. All patients but one showed basal ventricular preexcitation. Of the 4 patients with basal ventricular preexcitation the earliest ventricular emptying occurred in the left ventricular free-wall in 1 patient and in the right ventricular free-wall in 3 patients. In the patient without ventricular preexcitation at rest transesophageal pacing at a rate of 100 bpm induced first ventricular activation in the left lateral ventricular free-wall while at a rate of 120 bpm it returned to normal. In the patients with ventricular preexcitation at rest, the basal image abnormalities become more evident as preexcitation was augmented. Of interest, in 1 patient with basal type B ventricular preexcitation the sequential phase image analysis, at a rate of 100 bpm confirmed the earliest ventricular activation in the right ventricular free-wall while at a rate of 120 bpm showed the earliest emptying in left ventricular free-wall suggesting the presence of 2 accessory connections. We conclude that phase mapping combined with transesophageal pacing may be a useful and reliable method to localize single as well as multiple accessory pathways in patients with ventricular preexcitation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Calcitonin nasal spray in patients with chronic asthma: a double-blind crossover study vs placebo.

The study, which was of a double-blind, crossover type vs placebo in 12 subjects suffering from postmenopausal osteoporosis and chronic asthma, evaluates the effects of acute, prolonged administration of salmon calcitonin (sCT) nasal spray on respiratory function (FEV1, MMEF, V25). No significant changes in bronchomotor tone were observed as a result of prolonged treatment with sCT nasal spray, thereby confirming the complete tolerability of the formulation.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1990

Propafenone in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome at risk.

We present our experience on the efficacy of propafenone in ten symptomatic patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The symptoms were dizziness in seven patients and syncope in three patients. While experiencing the symptoms, three of them presented an episode of atrial fibrillation, the shortest preexcited RR intervals being 140, 190, and 200 ms. In the other seven patients, the ECG was not recorded during the symptoms, but an episode of atrial fibrillation was subsequently induced by transesophageal pacing. The shortest preexcited RR intervals during induced atrial fibrillation were 180, 200, 270, 240, 230, 250, and 200 ms. Seven patients had both atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia. Propafenone (1-2 mg/kg) administered IV in only the patients with sustained atrial fibrillation (spontaneous in two and induced in one patient) prolonged the shortest preexcited RR intervals from 190, 200, and 180 ms to 340, 335, and 340 ms. In the other seven patients, propafenone was not given IV because atrial fibrillation rapidly deteriorated into ventricular fibrillation (one patient) or spontaneously reverted within 1-2 minutes to sinus rhythm (six patients). After oral propafenone, serial trans-esophageal pacing studies reinduced atrial fibrillation in 4 of 6 patients (the shortest preexcited RR intervals increased from 190, 180, 200, and 270 ms to 420, 320, 340, and 380 ms); only in one patient was it possible after propafenone to induce an atrial flutter without preexcitation. After propafenone therapy in 4 of 7 patients, supraventricular tachycardia was not inducible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: experience with propafenone.

The authors studied the efficacy of intravenous (IV) (1.5-2 mg/kg) and oral propafenone (450 to 900 mg/day) in 16 patients with paroxysmal, sustained, recurrent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). In 5 patients IV propafenone was not given, because of intolerant SVT. Nine patients had Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. IV propafenone immediately stopped and prevented reinduction of SVT in 9/11 patients. Oral propafenone prevented SVT induction in 3 of 5 patients. In the 9 patients responsive to IV propafenone, oral propafenone was effective: in particular, in 6 patients SVT tachycardia was not induced by serial transesophageal pacings, and in the remaining 3 patients the arrhythmia was still induced but was slower and of brief duration (3-5 seconds). In 11/12 patients responsive to oral propafenone the minimum effective dosage in preventing the induction of the arrhythmia was 600 mg/day. In only 1 patient was the dose of 450 mg/day equally effective. Propafenone administration was not associated with major side effects. In conclusion, propafenone is very effective in the control of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; intravenous propafenone can predict the efficacy of oral therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Effects of L-carnitine on physical performance in chronic respiratory insufficiency.

Bicycle ergometer exercise tests were used to study two groups of 10 subjects suffering from type A chronic respiratory insufficiency before and after a 4-week course of L-carnitine or placebo. Analysis of the ventilatory and metabolic response to physical exercise (60 watts) revealed an improved utilization of the bio-energetic substrates obtained with L-carnitine as compared to patients treated with placebo. The substantial change observed in ventilatory and metabolic response to exercise after L-carnitine is characterized by an appreciable production of lactate and by the stability of pCO2, pH and HCO3 values, which would appear to support the hypothesis of a reduced anaerobic metabolism requirement for energy purposes.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1988

Rifampicin-isoniazid and delayed elimination of theophylline: a case report.

This paper reports a case of tuberculosis relapse and chronic obstructive lung disease treated with rifampicin and isoniazid. The subsequent introduction of slow-release theophylline therapy revealed a delay in the theophylline elimination kinetics resulting in a toxic plasma level. Interference with hepatic microsomal enzymes is considered to occur.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMed1988

Miocamycin doesn't affect theophylline serum levels in COPD patients.

The effects resulting from the administration of therapeutic doses (1,200 mg/day for 8 days) of miocamycin, a novel macrolid derived from midecamycin, on theophylline elimination kinetic were investigated on 25 patients affected with chronic obstructive pathology on the respiratory tract. The curves of theophylline clearance, recorded before and after the treatment with miocamycin have shown to be perfectly overlapping (trend analysis). The assumption that the capacity of slackening the theophylline pharmacokinetic would be tightly bound to the particular structure of some macrolids appears to be fully confirmed by the results of the present investigation. When miocamycin is administered in combination with theophylline, the monitoring precautions of plasma levels of the latter are practically of no use.

Adult↗