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Biomedical subjects

P Tyrrell

Publications and source records attributed to P Tyrrell.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Follow-up imaging of the urinary tract in spinal injury patients: is a KUB necessary with every ultrasound?

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of 100 consecutive patients. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of the urinary tract (KUB) radiograph routinely performed as part of spinal injury patient urinary tract screening with ultrasound (US) and the KUB radiograph. SETTING: Orthopaedic and District General Hospital with spinal injuries unit, UK. METHODS: Prospective study of the urinary tract of 100 consecutive routine follow-up spinal injury patients with KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) radiograph and US of the urinary tract. The percentage of the visualised area of kidneys and urinary bladder and relevant abnormal findings were recorded. Relevant patient history was recorded. RESULTS: In all, 80 men 20 women were examined (average age 46 years, average time since injury 11 years). A total of 199 kidneys and 99 urinary bladders were examined. On average, less than 50% of the renal area and about 70-75% of the urinary bladder area were visualised. Five patients had renal stones identified on the KUB radiograph, and of these two were seen on US. There were no stones seen on US only. The patient history was not helpful to identify patients with renal stones. Significant further renal abnormalities were identified with US in 14 patients, and with the KUB radiograph in 0 patients. Significant urinary bladder abnormalities were identified with US in 20 patients, and with the KUB radiograph in 0 patients. CONCLUSION: On average, less than 50% of the kidney area is visualised on the KUB due to overlying bowel markings making the KUB radiograph a poor tool to assess the kidneys. The KUB radiograph and US are poor tools to assess urinary tract stones. In the absence of a therapeutic consequence, the KUB radiograph does not seem justified in the routine follow-up of the urinary tract in spinal injury patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Acute stroke following cisplatin therapy.

Cisplatin is a very effective drug in modern chemotherapy practice. It has many side effects, including neurotoxicity, and has been tentatively implicated in acute stroke. We describe a 21-year-old woman who presented with an acute stroke, confirmed on MRI as a cerebral infarction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Association of age with regional cerebral oxygen utilization: a positron emission tomography study.

Positron emission tomography scans were performed on 14 normal subjects over the age of 50. Cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) was assessed in a number of cortical and subcortical regions. There was a trend for a decrease in CMRO2 with age but this was significant only in the parietal lobe. There was a suggestion that the age/CMRO2 correlation became less strong with advancing age. CMRO2 in the occipital lobe, subcortical regions and cerebellum was not related to age. The relationship between CMRO2 and age is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Effect of central cholinergic stimulation on regional cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease.

Patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) had reduced regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the posterior parietotemporal region compared with controls, as determined with technetium-99m hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime and single photon emission tomography. Central cholinergic stimulation with physostigmine produced a focal increase in rCBF in the posterior parietotemporal region in the patients with AD but not in controls.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system assessed in vivo by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteer subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease.

A group of healthy control subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease were investigated using positron emission tomography and two tracers as indicators of different specific properties of the presynaptic dopaminergic system in caudate nucleus and putamen. The first tracer, 6-L-(18F)-fluorodopa, was used as an analog of levodopa to assess its regional brain uptake, conversion into, and retention as dopamine and further metabolites. The second tracer, (11C)-nomifensine was employed as an indicator of striatal monaminergic reuptake sites that are principally dopaminergic. We have used this tracer to assess dopaminergic nerve terminal density. In patients with Parkinson's disease, striatal uptake of both tracers was decreased, putamen being significantly more affected than caudate. Side-to-side differences of uptake in putamen, but not caudate, correlated with corresponding left-right differences of scored clinical motor performance. Both 6-L(18F)-fluorodopa and (11C)-nomifensine tracer uptake in putamen was decreased on average to 40% of normal values, suggesting that a substantial part of the cellular elements of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system is still intact in living parkinsonian patients. This is in contrast to the generally extreme depletion of endogenous dopamine in the putamen of patients found at postmortem. Our results lend support to the search for drug treatments that protect against further nigrostriatal cell loss and that could be exhibited as soon as the disease manifests clinically. If successful, a sufficient striatal nerve terminal pool would remain so that the effectiveness of levodopa as a dopamine repletor could persist.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

The association of gegenhalten in the upper limbs with dyspraxia.

Ten patients with gegenhalten of the upper limb of mixed aetiology were studied, in nine of whom an association with dyspraxia was found. In four of the patients, the rigidity became more pronounced after the instruction to relax, and only one patient showed improvement after this instruction. In these patients, the resistance to movement, evident as gegenhalten, may be a direct consequence of the dyspraxia.

Aged↗