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Biomedical subjects

P Uldall

Publications and source records attributed to P Uldall.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Vigabatrin in pediatric epilepsy--an open study.

The antiepileptic effect of vigabatrin in adults has been demonstrated in a number of controlled studies. In children, the effect of vigabatrin has been investigated only to a limited extent. In order to assess the long-term effect and safety of vigabatrin in patients with severe epilepsy, an open, add-on, dose-ranging study was initiated. To date, 27 children with partial epilepsy, two with generalized epilepsy, two with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and one with nonclassifiable epilepsy have been enrolled in the trial. Fifty-four percent of patients have experienced a greater than 50% reduction in seizure frequency, and four patients have become seizure free. A significant reduction in seizures was noted across the patient population, although patients who were recorded as seizure free at 3 and 6 months did suffer some recurrence of seizures. However, when seizures recurred, they did so at much lower frequency than recorded at the start of the study. Thirteen patients (39%) reported adverse events attributable to vigabatrin; one was immediately withdrawn from the study, and six had their vigabatrin dose reduced. No physiologic effects were noted on normal growth or clinical physical examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Forms of care and children's infections. 1. Occurrence and causal factors].

On an average, preschool children have 6-8 acute infections annually. This corresponds to approximately 80 sick-days including mild colds. If days in which the general health is affected only are included, approximately 25 days per child per annum are concerned. The amount of sickness in children attending day care centres is between 2-7 times as great as that of children cared for in their own homes. In particular, an increased risk has been demonstrated for children attending day care centres to develop conditions such as secretory otitis media, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, hepatitis A and meningitis. A close dose-response connection can be demonstrated between ill health and the number of children with whom the child is cared for. The increased possibilities of exposure to infection in day institutions must, therefore, be assumed to be the central factor for the excess morbidity demonstrated. The significances of a series of modifying factors in the pathogenesis, including age, genetically determined immunity, psychosocial stress, atmospheric contamination, quality of atmosphere and low temperatures, are reviewed. Despite the term "colds", there is no evidence that upper respiratory infections have any connection with cooling. With the object of establishing rational measures against spread of infection, the occurrence and routes of infection of the relevant microorganisms are reviewed. About 80% of the infections must be presumed to be viral. In children attending day care centres, viruses have been demonstrated in 10% of the children without symptoms. Air-borne infection appears to be responsible for a very limited proportion of infections. The routes of infection are mainly by direct or indirect contact infection e.g. via tables and toys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1990

[Forms of care and children's infections. 2. Consequences and possibilities for intervention].

t may be calculated that between one fourth and one third of all infectious illnesses in preschool children in Denmark can be attributed to care in day care centres. A series of socially stressing problems have been demonstrated for parents with work outside the home in connection with care of their sick children. There is no evidence that children with many recurrent infections early in the preschool age become more resistant to infection with increasing age. On the contrary there is evidence that recurring middle ear infections and respiratory infections in childhood may have chronic sequelae and may possibly predispose to allergic disease. From a community medical standpoint, there is no doubt that day care centres are of importance in the spread of infection e.g. influenza epidemics in the adult population. On this basis, indications are found to attempt to institute measures which can reduce sickness in day care centres. Apart from prohibition of smoking, it is not clear whether improved indoor atmospheric conditions will improve the resistance in children. More restrictive turning away of children with very slight symptoms of colds is probably of limited value, whereas more prolonged convalescence for the individual child would probably reduce the number of children with recurrent infections. This necessitates a considerable number of days of care at home for parents with sick children. Intensified microbiological hygiene should be the central measure in intervention. This necessitates improved microbiological training of the staffs of day care centres. Children should be out-of-doors to a greater extent and the space should be increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1977

The growth of the kidneys in children with vesicoureteric reflux.

In a retrospective study, 69 kidneys with VUR were divided into 2 groups: One group (A) where VUR stopped within 1 year after operation or conservative treatment and a second group (B) where VUR continued for more than 1 year. Group A had somewhat more severe grades of reflux than group B. The number of infections were practically the same in the two groups. The length of the kidneys was measured at the time of diagnosis and compared with the length at the most recent urography after VUR stopped (group A) on average 2 years and 3 months later and with the most recent urography while VUR was still present (group B) on average 1 year and 9 months later. It was found that 85% in group A had increased in absolute length while the figure was 60% in group B. If the relative growth is calculated (the kidneys' length in relationship to L1-L3 distance), 60% in group B had decreased while only 30% in group A had decreased.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Intrarenal reflux.

Seventy-six children with a total of 123 ureters showing vesico-ureteric reflux were reviewed in order to detect intrarenal reflux (pyelotubular backflow) occuring during micturating cystourethrography. This was found in 7 patients (9.2%). Five patients had unilateral and two bilateral intrarenal reflux. In only 7 out of the 9 kidneys with intrarenal reflux was it possible to outline the kidney contour precisely on excretion urography. In 3 cases renal damage corresponded exactly to the areas with intrarenal reflux. One kidney showed damage which did not correspond to the location of intrarenal reflux and 3 were without signs of damage. Renal damage of varying localization was found in 54 of the 123 kidneys with vesico-ureteric reflux and intrarenal reflux was present in 6 of these (11%). The significance of intrarenal reflux as a cause of renal damage and whether intrarenal reflux might be primary or secondary to the renal damage are discussed, and it is concluded that presence of intrarenal reflux is a definite indication for operation.

Child, Preschool↗