Biomedical subjects

P Venkatesh

Publications and source records attributed to P Venkatesh.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1997

The Control Preferences Scale.

The Control Preferences Scale (CPS) was developed to measure a construct that emerged from a grounded theory of how treatment decisions are made among people with life-threatening illnesses. The control preferences construct is defined as "the degree of control an individual wants to assume when decisions are being made about medical treatment." The CPS consists of five cards that each portrays a different role in treatment decision-making using a statement and a cartoon. These roles range from the individual making the treatment decisions, through the individual making the decisions jointly with the physician, to the physician making the decisions. The CPS involves subjects in making a series of paired comparisons to provide their total preference order over the five cards. These preference orders are analyzed using unfolding theory to determine the distribution of preferences in different populations and the effect of covariates on consumer preferences. The scale has been tested in a variety of populations, ranging from the general public to highly stressed groups. The CPS has proven to be a clinically relevant, easily administered, valid, and reliable measure of preferred roles in health-care decision-making.

Critical Illness↗

PubMed1996

Interphase cytogenetics of workers exposed to benzene.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful new technique that allows numerical chromosome aberrations (aneuploidy) to be detected in interphase cells. In previous studies, FISH has been used to demonstrate that the benzene metabolites hydroquinone and 1,2,4-benzenetriol induce aneuploidy of chromosomes 7 and 9 in cultures of human cells. In the present study, we used an interphase FISH procedure to perform cytogenetic analyses on the blood cells of 43 workers exposed to benzene (median = 31 ppm, 8-hr time-weighted average) and 44 matched controls from Shanghai, China. High benzene exposure (> 31 ppm, n = 22) increased the hyperdiploid frequency of chromosome 9 (p < 0.01), but lower exposure (< or = 31 ppm, n = 21) did not. Trisomy 9 was the major form of benzene-induced hyperdiploidy. The level of hyperploidy in exposed workers correlated with their urinary phenol level (r = 0.58, p < 0.0001), a measure of internal benzene dose. A significant correlation was also found between hyperdiploidy and decreased absolute lymphocyte count, an indicator of benzene hematotoxicity, in the exposed group (r = -0.44, p = 0.003) but not in controls (r = -0.09, p = 0.58). These results show that high benzene exposure induces aneuploidy of chromosome 9 in nondiseased individuals, with trisomy being the most prevalent form. They further highlight the usefulness of interphase cytogenetics and FISH for the rapid and sensitive detection of aneuploidy in exposed human populations.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Learning to care: gender issues for male nursing students.

The following article is a description of one aspect of a phenomenological research study designed to investigate the lived experience of male nursing students as they learned to care as nurses. Data-collection strategies included paradigm case narratives and interviews. Data analysis was characterized by four major strategies: analysis, synthesis, criticism, and understanding. These strategies were used to identify meanings of the text of transcribed interviews and to generate interpretive commentary. Learning to care was described by the participants as a complex entity that incorporates the gender of the student, the patient, the teacher, and the nurse. As students progressed through the program, their experience of gender issues in learning to care was shaped by personal experiences, the expectations of a predominantly female faculty and nursing staff, and their evolving understanding of the ways of caring that are gender based.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

A struggle for equality: resistance to commissioning of male nurses in the Canadian military, 1952-1967.

Historical research was conducted to explore and describe the forces of resistance that prevented male registered nurses from being employed and conferred officer status in the Nursing Division of the Canadian military. Prior to 1967, only female nurses were permitted to join the Nursing Division. A 25-year struggle by the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO), its Male Nurses Committee (MNC), and the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) was required to change this discriminatory policy. The struggle for equality on behalf of Canadian male nurses was successfully resolved because of the united stand taken by the MNC, the RNAO, and the CNA. The study also demonstrates the need to move beyond matriarchal history perspectives in nursing to more completely understand the evolution of the profession in Canada.

Canada↗

PubMed1995

How male nursing students learn to care.

the current definitions of caring in nursing education denote a mutual relationship between teachers and students in which they interact to provide an environment which supports the students' personal and professional development. The learning of caring in an interactional context is typical of the female experience. It is unknown if this is representative of the male experience. The lived experience of 20 male students as they learned to care as nurses was the focus of this phenomenological research study. The participants concurred that, although caring as a nurse could be learned if one was 'open to learning', teachers could only facilitate this learning; they could not directly teach it. The interactional strategies of storytelling, modelling, being cared for, the 'aha' encounter, and observing and giving care, were used by the participants in learning to care as nurses. The implications of these findings for nursing education and research are presented.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Detection of 1,2,4-benzenetriol induced aneuploidy and microtubule disruption by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is becoming increasingly used to detect chromosomal changes in cancer cytogenetics. Here, we report its use in human HL60 cells to detect aneuploidy induced by the benzene metabolite, 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BT). Human centromeric probes specific for chromosomes 9 and 7 were used. Untreated HL60 cells were 0.72 +/- 0.29% hyperdiploid for chromosome 9. Treatment with 5 microM BT increased this level 3-fold to 2.20 +/- 0.87% and 50 microM increased it 4-fold to 2.96 +/- 0.74%. Similar results were obtained with the chromosome 7 probe. The induction of aneuploidy by BT is therefore not chromosome-specific nor is it artifactual. Immunocytochemical staining with anti-tubulin antibodies also showed that BT disrupted microtubule organization at these concentrations. Thus, mitotic spindle disruption probably plays an important role in BT-induced aneuploidy. Trisomy and not tetrasomy accounted for the majority of the hyperdiploidy induced by BT in the two C-group chromosomes 7 and 9. Since trisomy of C-group chromosomes is commonly observed in leukemia, BT-induced aneuploidy may be involved in benzene-induced leukemia.

Aneuploidy↗

PubMed1994

Health insurance and preventive care sources of children at public immunization clinics.

BACKGROUND: Recent proposals to reform immunization financing aim to help more children receive vaccines at their sources of primary care. Under the current system, referrals of children from the private sector may strain public immunization clinics, but scant information exists on what proportions of public clinic patients actually have insurance or primary care sources. OBJECTIVE: To describe the health insurance, usual sources of health care, and referral patterns of children at low-cost public immunization clinics. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study based on face-to-face, structured interviews. SETTING: Public immunization clinics at three sites in Contra Costa County. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred thirty-eight parents of children awaiting immunizations. RESULTS: Thirty-four percent of families at these public immunization clinics had Medicaid alone, whereas 24% had private insurance. Of those with private insurance, almost one third had at least partial coverage for vaccines. Sixty-two percent of families had sources of preventive care other than the immunization clinic, and most would have preferred to receive their vaccines at these sources. Most in this group named cost as the main barrier to immunizations at primary care sources; but one third of this group, including almost all the families insured by health maintenance organizations, named the wait for appointments at their usual source of care as the main barrier to receiving vaccines there. Two thirds of Medicaid patients and at least one third of privately insured patients were either uninformed or mistaken about whether their insurance covered vaccines. CONCLUSIONS: Financing reform may improve immunization delivery and reduce the load on public clinics. However, legislation to improve immunization financing will not achieve optimal results unless parent education is improved and organizational barriers are also removed.

California↗

PubMed1993

Effect of interaction between glucose or sodium chloride ingestion and ovarian hormones on some endocrine organs in rats.

Adult female rats with normal oestrus cycles (control), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized with estradiol treatment (OVX-EB) and ovariectomized with progesterone treatment (OVX-P), were provided with Glucose (G/W) or Saline (S/W) through a two bottle preference. They were given food pellets ad libitum. At the end of 3 weeks' period the animals were sacrificed and pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and pancreas were removed and weighed. Adrenal glands showed a significant decrease in OVX and OVX-P rats taking G/W, as also decrease in OVX and OVX-EB and increase in OVX-P rats taking S/W. The pancreas registered an overall increase in OVX, OVX-EB and OVX-P rats taking both G/W and S/W, which was statistically significant only in OVX-EB and OVX-P rats. Ovarian hormones appear to influence the size of these glands when glucose or sodium chloride is ingested.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Differential role of ovarian hormones for taste preferences in rats.

The effects of estrogen (OVX-EB) and progesterone (OVX-P) administration to ovariectomized (OVX) rats on food and fluid intakes were studied in fifty five animals grouped into three series. Animals in each series were given a choice of two fluids viz. tap water and either 5% glucose (5 G/W) or 12% glucose (12 G/W) or 1.5% Sodium chloride (S/W) by two bottle preference. Both hormones had a differential effect on the ingestion of the two concentrations of glucose while progesterone markedly increased the intake of Sodium Chloride. Could the putative role of the ovarian hormones be hedonic for glucose and homeostatic for salt?

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Multiple drug resistant untypable Salmonella typhimurium infection in children & neonates.

Salmonella typhimurium infection in children and neonates is reported. Out of 21 cases, 6 were new-born and 13 were below one year of age. Clinical manifestations included fever, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. All the isolates were from stool, out of the total 21 cases, 4 expired. This study was done at Microbiology Department of Kasturba Medical College over a period of seven months.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗