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Biomedical subjects

P Vestergaard

Publications and source records attributed to P Vestergaard.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

GLC-mass spectrometric determination of maprotiline and its major metabolite using stable isotope-labeled analog as internal standard.

A quantitative GLC-mass spectrometric assay was developed for the determination of maprotiline and its major metabolite, desmethylmaprotiline, in animal and human plasma. The assay utilizes selective-ion focusing to monitor, in a GLC effluent, the fragment ions and the base peaks of maprotiline and desmethylmaprotiline trifluoroacetamides generated by electron-impact ionization. Maprotiline-d3 was the internal standard. The assay can measure 2 ng of maprotiline (and the metabolite)/ml of plasma with approximately 5% precision. The curves relating the amounts of maprotiline and the metabolite added versus the amounts experimentally found over a large concentration range were linear with nearly zero intercepts and slopes of 0.99 +/- 0.01 and 0.98 +/- 0.02, respectively. The method was used to study the pharmacokinetic pattern of the drug in rabbits as well as to analyze intact maprotiline and the metabolite in patients maintained on therapeutic doses of maprotiline. Assay specificity was confirmed by complete consistency of the mass spectra of maprotiline and desmethylmaprotiline with those of the authentic materials.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The analysis of urinary hormonal steroids.

A survey in given of current trends in the assay of urinary hormonal steroids. Both group assay methodology and assays for single urinary steroids are reviewed as are semi-automated and automated procedures and high-resolution and high-capacity techniques, as applied to the profile analysis of urinary steroid hormones.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1980

Assessment of renal concentrating ability in lithium-treated patients. Comparison of long-term dehydration with administration of a vasopressin analogue.

In patients given long-term treatment with lithium maximum urine osmolality was measured after 26 h of dehydration and after intranasal administration of desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). A high correlation was found between the results of the two tests suggesting that the DDAVP test is a suitable method of assessing renal concentrating ability in lithium-treated patients.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1980

Cerebrospinal fluid adrenaline and noradrenaline in depressed patients.

Mean adrenaline concentration in cerebrospinal fluid measured by a sensitive and specific isotope-derivative assay was significantly lower in 15 depressed patients during illness compared with 18 control subjects. At the time of recovery cerebrospinal adrenaline levels had increased markedly to normal levels. Cerebrospinal fluid noradrenaline did not differ in patients compared with controls. The present findings suggest that adrenaline as a neurotransmitter may be involved in affective disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Clinically significant side effects of lithium treatment. A survey of 237 patients in long-term treatment.

A group fo 237 patients in a long-term lithium treatment were questioned specifically about five side effects commonly associated with lithium treatment and unspecifically about "other" complaints. About one tenth of the patients did not complain of side effects, two thirds had one or two complaints, and one fourth had three or more. About one half of the patients complained of hand tremor, two thirds of increase thirst, one fifth of weight gain exceeding 10kg, one fifth of diarrhea, and one tenth of edema of legs or face. A few patients had other complaints. For each side effect we analysed whether its presence was significantly associated with such patient and treatment variables as sex, age, duration of the lithium treatment, 12-h serum lithium concentration, type of lithium preparation, and additional medication. Men complained of tremor significantly more often than women. Diarrhea was significantly less frequent in patients given additional treatment with antidepressants. Weight gain was associated with increased thirst and fluid output and with significantly increased blood pressure. None of the other variables distinguished between patients with and without the various complaints. We nevertheless hypothesize that a moderate reduction of the serum lithium level may lead to a lowering of the frequency of some side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The role of monoamines for the central effects of Baclofen on behavior of rats.

Male albino rats given a bilateral injection of Baclofen (Lioresal) (12 micrograms/rat) in the cerebral ventricles showed a behavioral syndrome of activation + ataxia, paddling, tail-pinch hyperresponse and anesthesia. The phase of activation + ataxia was reduced by pretreatment of rats with H 44/68, FLA 63, reserpine, pimozide, phenoxybenzamine, oxypertine or chlorpromazine. The phase of paddling was reduced by pretreatment with FLA 63, reserpine, phenoxybenzamine, oxypertine, chlorpromazine, pimozide + phenoxybenzamine or apomorphine, while administration of clonidine instead of Baclofen caused paddling in non-pretreated rats. The phase of tail-pinch hyperresponse was reduced by reserpine, oxypertine, chlorpromazine or pimozide + phenoxybenzamine, while none of the pretreatments affected Baclofen-induced anesthesia. Drugs which affect mainly tryptaminergic or GABA-ergic functions failed to affect Baclofen-induced behaviors consistently. The findings suggest that dopaminergic and noradrenergic functions play a role in the central effects of Baclofen on behavior of rats.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1979

Lithium treatment and kidney function. A survey of 237 patients in long-term treatment.

Kidney function has been examined in 237 patients who in the autumn of 1977 were in lithium treatment at the Psychiatric Hospital in Risskov, most of them as outpatients. The average age was 42 years. The patients had been given lithium treatment for 0.5-17 years, mean duration 5 years. The mean lithium dosage was 33 mmol/day and the mean 12-hour serum lithium concentration 0.85 mmol/l. Glomerular filtration rate was assessed through determination of 24-hour creatinine clearance and serum creatinine, in some cases iothalamate clearance. Water excretion was assessed through determination of 24-hour urine volume and in some cases urine osmolality after 26 hours of fluid deprivation. Creatinine clearances, serum creatinine concentrations, and urine volumes were subjected to multiple regression analysis with various clinically relevant predictor variables. Affection of glomerular filtration rate was only moderate and progressed slowly. The data indicate that the risk of renal insufficiency and terminal azotemia is remote even when lithium is given for many years. A large number of the patients had altered water excretion with polyuria or lowered urine concentrating ability or both. Due to the extra fluid loss these patients are apt to develop dehydration, and they may then be in danger of lithium poisoning. We hypothesize that lithium-induced changes of kidney function may become less frequent and less pronounced if patients are maintained at serum lithium levels somewhat lower than those employed in the group studied here. We recommend careful monitoring of serum lithium levels, regular control of kidney function, and extra caution when physical illness or additional drug treatment may lead to disturbance of fluid and electrolyte balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Recent developments in lithium treatment: is the kidney affection dangerous? (author's transl)].

In our hospital, we are studying the renal function of more than 200 patients under lithium treatment. The glomerular function seems to be affected to a small extent, even by long-term lithium administration, and there have been no instances of progressive deterioration of renal function with azotemia. Most of the patients have impaired water reabsorption with polyuria and polydipsia. This is frequently combined with lowered concentrating ability. Polyuria and lowered concentrating ability are not in themselves life-threatening. However, development of dehydration may lead to lithium poisoning, and patients under lithium treatment should be advised to drink extra fluid under circumstances when the fluid balance may become negative. Further studies are required for definitive recommendations concerning extra monitoring of kidney function and lowering of lithium doses.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1978

Mass spectrometric determination of cocaine and its biologically active metabolite, norcocaine, in human urine.

A gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay has been developed for the determination of cocaine and its pharmacologically active metabolite, norcocaine, in human urine. [2H3]Cocaine and [2H3]norcocaine were used as internal standards. The assay utilizes selective focusing to monitor in a gas chromatographic effluent the molecular ions of cocaine, [2H3]cocaine and the fragment ions of trifluoroacetylated norcocaine, [2H3]norcocaine generated by electron impact ionization. The assay can measure 2 ng ml-1 each of cocaine and norcocaine with about 5% precision. The curves, relating the amounts of cocaine and norcocaine added to control urine per 'fixed' amounts of their labeled analogs, versus the appropriate ion intensity ratios are straight lines with nearly zero intercepts and slopes of 0.98 +/- 0.01 and 0.98 +/- 0.02, respectively. The methodology is used for the analysis of urinary cocaine and norcocaine from three human subjects who received 100 mg cocaine-HCL intravenously.

Cocaine↗