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Biomedical subjects

P W Brandt-Rauf

Publications and source records attributed to P W Brandt-Rauf.

107 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Structural effects of substitutions on the p21 proteins.

The conformational effects of different amino acid substitutions (lysine, serine, proline, and D-valine) for glycine at position 12 in the p21 oncogene-encoded proteins have been investigated by using conformational energy calculations. The normal cellular gene codes for a glycine at position 12 in the amino acid sequence, in the middle of a hydrophobic p21-(6-15)-decapepetide from Leu-6 to Gly-15. Mutations that cause amino acid substitutions for Gly-12 result in a protein product that produces malignant transformation of cells. We now find that not only are the preferred structures for the lysine- and serine-containing peptides more restricted and more helical than those for the glycine-containing peptide, but the lowest-energy structure for each substituted peptide is exactly the same as that previously found for the peptide with Val-12, suggesting the existence of a "malignancy-causing" conformation. None of the preferred conformations for the valine-, lysine-, and serine-containing peptides contain chain reversals at positions 11 and 12. However, we find that proline, unlike these residues but like glycine, at position 12 causes helix termination at positions 11 and 12, a result that suggests that the p21 protein product with proline at position 12 may exhibit lowered transforming potential, in agreement with the results of recent genetic recombination experiments.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Cancer of the gallbladder: a review of forty-three cases.

This study presents the clinicopathologic findings 43 cases of cancer of the gallbladder. Particular attention was paid to the classification of various histologic types along with their distribution by age, sex, race, the presenting symptoms, the presence of gallstones, the occupational history, and the sites of metastases. The most common type was found to be differentiated adenocarcinoma, and the bulk of the cases occurred in elderly white females. Of note was the fact that in 79 per cent of the cases it was possible to identify underlying predisposing circumstances, either cholelithiasis or a positive occupational history. In light of the dismal prognosis associated with this malignant tumor, the identification of such predisposing factors provides an important avenue for the future investigation and prevention of this disease. In addition, in this series, a high rate of multiple primary malignant tumors of different tissues was note. This was attributable to the age and sex distribution of the cases, that is, their being primarily elderly and female. However, this subpopulation of multiple cancers was significantly different with regard to etiologic factors, and this may provide further clues for future preventive measures for this cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Occupational health ethics: OSHA and the courts.

Recent court decisions have stressed the necessity for cost-benefit analysis in evaluating Occupational and Safety Health Administration (OSHA) standards, thus raising difficult ethical questions which this paper analyzes using classical approaches of deontology and teleology. Since both modes of analysis have deficiencies, the need for a synthesis using economic and noneconomic measures is suggested.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases in French vinyl chloride workers.

The authors have recently demonstrated a significant gene-environment interaction between vinyl chloride exposure and polymorphisms in the DNA repair protein XRCC1 on the occurrence of mutant p53 biomarkers of vinyl chloride-induced genetic damage. The aim of this study was to examine the polymorphisms in the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) as potential modifiers of this relationship, since these enzymes may be involved in the phase II metabolism of the reactive intermediates of vinyl chloride. A cohort of 211 French vinyl chloride workers was genotyped for common polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1. Although no independent, statistically significant effect of these polymorphisms on the occurrence of the mutant p53 biomarker was found, the null GSTM1 and null GSTT1 polymorphisms were found to interact with the XRCC 1 polymorphism to increase the occurrence of the biomarker such that, for example, workers with at least one variant XRCC1 allele who were null for both GSTM1 and GSTT1 had a significant odds ratio for the biomarker (OR =8.4, 95% CI = 1.3 54.0) compared with workers who were wild-type for all alleles, controlling for potential confounders including cumulative vinyl chloride exposure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Case report: an unusual case of gallbladder cancer in an automotive worker.

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder was found at autopsy in a 65-year-old male. The tumor was composed predominantly of signet ring cells, an uncommon histologic form. In addition, there was an atypical pattern of metastasis, with cancer involving not only the walls of the cystic duct, large and small bowels, peritoneum, abdominal nodes, and omentum, but also the kidneys, ureters, lungs, and heart. Although the patient lacked the common predisposing factors for gallbladder cancer, he did work in an industry with a significant relative risk for the development of this cancer.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational health services in non-industrial settings in the US: a review.

The provision of occupational health services at sites other than the workplace has undergone considerable expansion in recent years in the United States. These alternate sources of occupational health services include hospital-based clinics, free-standing clinics, corporate health programs, urgent care centers, group practices, and health maintenance organizations. These additional sources of occupational health care hold the promise of making a significant contribution toward reducing the still considerable burden of occupational illness and injury in the US. However, serious problems relating to the nature, quantity, and quality of care provided in these settings remain. This paper reviews the literature on occupational health services in these non-industrial settings and explores their potential promise and problems.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational medicine. An overview of management.

Management is the art of utilizing all available resources to accomplish a given set of tasks in a timely and economical manner. A complete job description for a manager would include diplomacy, coercion, politics, psychology, budgeting, evaluation and a host of other attributes. Each individual manager evolves a personal style within an organizational culture. No two positions or individuals are ever exactly alike. The successful manager must be able to allocate resources and motivate subordinates to accomplish goals often imposed from external sources (i.e., upper management). The successful manager may retain previously acquired technical skills; frequently these are lost, being replaced by new knowledge. The successful manager is one who understands the local organizational milieu. The theories discussed above are only guidelines. Just as each patient is approached differently, so too are different managerial positions.

Commerce↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethical aspects of reproductive health in the workplace.

Reproductive health in the workplace presents in microcosm all of the ethical dilemmas raised by occupational medicine and medicine generally, including confidentiality, workers' right to know, individual autonomy, paternalism, informed consent, cost-benefit analysis, and a host of other issues.

Employment↗