Analysis of intracranial pressure.
Methods for the acqusition and analysis of intracranial pressure (ICP) signals are reviewed from clinical and technical perspectives. The clinical importance of ICP monitoring is presented, and methods for ICP transduction are briefly discussed. These methods include intraventricular catheters, subarachnoid screws, epidural techniques, and the new fiberoptic ICP measurement systems. Approaches to the visual analysis of the ICP waveform are presented, with special emphasis on the relationship between the ICP waveform and the arterial blood pressure signal. Methods of computer-based ICP analysis are also reviewed, including histogram and "systems analysis" methods. Methods to predict ICP pressure rises and to estimate intracranial compliance are also discussed. Finally, ICP monitoring is reviewed from the point of view of patient outcome. It is concluded that advanced ICP waveform analysis methods warrant further clinical evaluation to demonstrate their clinical usefulness.