Biomedical subjects

P W Muggleton

Publications and source records attributed to P W Muggleton.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1984

Preliminary study on the use of ceftazidime, a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, in snakes.

Ceftazidime, a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with an enhanced anti-pseudomonal activity, was tested in vitro against a variety of reptilian bacterial isolates. Blood concentrations of this antibiotic were determined in clinically ill snakes following an intramuscular injection at a dose rate of 20 mg kg-1. Peak plasma levels of up to 70.5 micrograms ml-1 were reached one to eight hours after the injection and therapeutic plasma levels were maintained for at least 96 hours. A series of snakes treated with ceftazidime at a dose rate of 20 mg kg-1 every 72 hours showed a rapid and obvious clinical response to treatment. The snakes were maintained at 30 degrees C during treatment and the effect of environmental temperature on antibiotic half-life is discussed. Ceftazidime proved to be a highly active antibiotic against the bacteria known to cause disease in reptiles, with no obvious adverse effects having been so far described.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Cefuroxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic: activity in vivo.

The pharmacokinetic properties of cefuroxime have been evaluated in laboratory animals. On injection into mice, rats, and rabbits by the subcutaneous or intramuscular routes, high serum level peaks were recorded. There was no significant absorption after oral administration. After injection, the antibiotic was excreted in large amounts in the urine. It was well distributed in the body and penetrated into the tissues at a satisfactory rate. This, coupled with a low degree of serum protein binding, was correlated with a very good protective effect in animals (mice, rats, and rabbits) experimentally infected with a wide range of bacteria, including beta-lactamase-producing strains. It is concluded that cefuroxime should have a good potential for treating a wide range of bacterial infections in humans.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Cefuroxime - a new cephalosporin antibiotic.

Cefuroxime is a new broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic for administration by injection. It is stable to most beta-lactamases. It is active against gram-positive organisms, including penicillinase-producing staphylococci, and has wide activity against gram-negative bacilli including Enterobacter and many strains of indole-positive Proteus spp. The substance is also highly active against Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Studies on human volunteers showed that it produced high, long-lasting blood levels with virtually complete recovery of unchanged antibiotic in the urine. No evidence of toxicity due to cefuroxime was found. Slight, short-lived pain followed intramuscular injection, and the compound was well tolerated intravenously.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1975

Effect of intravenous B.C.G. in guineapigs and pertinence to cancer immunotherapy in man.

Intravenous injection of heat-killed or irradiated B.C.G into tuberculin-positive guineapigs produced macroscopic lesions in the lung when examined 10 days or 4 or 6 weeks later. Microscopically, granulomas typical of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction were seen. Intravenous B.C.G. in normal guineapigs did not produce lesions. At equivalent doses to the killed vaccine, viable vaccine caused only mild lesions. Liver lesions were also found on early examination but by 4 weeks had almost resolved. Acid/alcohol-fast bacteria were only rarely detected. Purified portein derivative did not produce lesions, and antihistamine treatment did not modify the results. These results suggest that B.C.G. should be given by the intravenous route for cancer immunotherapy in man with great caution, especially in tuberculin-sensitive persons. The guineapig observations stress that hypersensitisation is a potential complicating feature of cancer immunotherapy, and this is discussed in the light of published clinical experience of B.C.G. by various routes. It is concluded that B.C.G. vaccines with a high proportion of viable organisms are to be preferred.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

A trial to investigate reactions and responses to BCG vaccines of different strengths prepared from the Copenhagen 1331 strain.

Seven hundred and ninety-three tuberculin-negative school-children were vaccinated with BCG vaccine prepared from either the 1077 substrain, at 0-3 mg/ml moist weight, or the 1331 substrain at 0-15 and 0-3 mg/ml moist weight. Local vaccination reactions and Mantoux tuberculin conversion were measured. There were no differences between the 1077 vaccine and the lower strength 1331 vaccine. The more potent 1331 product, however, produced marginally larger vaccination lesions and a slightly increased tuberculin allergy. The small increase in size of the vaccination lesions was considered acceptable and vaccine of this type would be satisfactory for use in the United Kingdom.

BCG Vaccine↗

PubMed1972