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Biomedical subjects

P W Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to P W Rogers.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Family, culture, and health practices among migrant farmworkers.

Migrant farmworkers and their families have restricted access to health and human services because of their frequent relocation between states, language and cultural barriers, and limited economic and political resources. Living and working in substandard environments, these families are at greater risk for developing chronic and communicable disease. In an assessment of health patterns among 225 migrant workers and their families, using personal observations, unstructured interviews, and individual and state health records, children's immunizations were found to be current, but dental caries and head lice were epidemic. Among adults, almost one third tested positive for tuberculosis exposure. Urinary tract infections were the most common health problem among women. Primary and secondary prevention were almost nonexistent because funds for these services were not readily available. The patriarchal system contributes to these problems by limiting access to family-health and social service needs. Although providing comprehensive health care to migrant communities presents unique challenges, nurses can demonstrate their effectiveness in reducing morbidity through strategic interventions and alternative uses of health delivery systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Changes in the spatial organization of the uterine vasculature during implantation in the rat.

The vascular corrosion casting/scanning electron microscope technique was used to investigate differential uterine elongation at the time of implantation in the rat. Casts were made on Days 4, 5 and 6 of pregnancy (Day 1 = the day of finding spermatozoa in the vaginal smear), implantation sites being identified by an i.v. injection of Evans' blue before casting. By Day 6 the endometrial blood vessel network within each implantation site was widely spaced compared with that in other regions. We suggest that blastocyst spacing is achieved, in part, by differential uterine elongation at the implantation sites, apparently as a result of tissue hydration subsequent to increased vascular permeability.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of phlebography on 125I uptake test.

Increased 125I fibrinogen uptake counts were encountered in 30 of 55 limbs after a normal ascending phelbogram. In most cases, the abnormal 125I fibrinogen uptake test occurred within 72 hr after phlebography, and the elevated counts were most frequently seen around the ankle, with contiguous involvement of the calf seen less often. Inly three patients with positive counts subsequently became symptomatic and were treated for deep venous thrombosis. The presence of deep venous thrombosis was confirmed by repeat ascending phlebography in two of these cases. Ascending phlebography was not performed on the other positive postphlebographic fibrinogen uptake test limbs.

Fibrinogen↗
PubMed1976

The erythropoietin response to the anemia of thermal injury.

Erythropoietin excretion was persistently increased following major thermal injury in 4 of 5 patients. A good correlation was found between erythropoietin excretion and red cell mass but not between erythropoietin excretion and hematocrit. In spite of the increased erythropoietin, erythropoiesis in these thermally injured patients was inadequate to compensate for erythrocyte deficits as judged by bone marrow morphology, reticulocyte counts, and transfusion requirements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Diabetic glomerulosclerosis without glucose intolerance.

The pathophysiology of the microangiopathy of diabetes mellitus is poorly understood, and the relevance of carbohydrate intolerance remains uncertain. Four patients are presented with renal abnormalities suggestive of diffuse diabetic glomeruloscierosis. These patients have no evidence of carbohydrate intolerance by standard clinical technics. A familial incidence of diabetes mellitus and delayed insulin response to an oral glucose load support a classification of prediabetes or suspected diabetes mellitus for these patients. Early intercapillary nodule formation was seen in only two of the four patients. In the absence of this infrequent pathognomonic finding, an alternate approach to the diagnosis of diabetic glomerulosclerosis is suggested. Diffuse glomerular capillary basement membrane thickening, consistently present with diabetic glomerulosclerosis, is demonstrated by measurements utilizing the latex microsphere technic. The mean glomerular capillary basement membrane thickness of these patients was 4,403 A, compared with the control value of 3.098 A (P less than 0.001). Other pathologic findings suggestive of diabetic nephropathy include efferent arteriolosclerosis and linear immunofluorescence without electron dense deposits or inflammation. Skeletal muscle capillary basement membranes of all four patients also demonstrated significant thickening. The mean value for the patients was 1,510 A, as compared with a control value of 961 A (P less than 0.001). The importance of this muscle capillary basement membrane thickening to the diagnosis of diabetic microangiopathy is discussed. The pathologic alterations in the renal biopsy specimens and the demonstration of muscle capillary basement membrane thickening strongly suggest that diabetic glomerulosclerosis may occur in the absence of overt clinical carbohydrate intolerance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system during cardiac surgery with morphine--nitrous oxide anesthesia.

Ten consecutive adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation were anesthetized using morphine (1-3 mg/kg) and nitrous oxide. Pre-bypass plasma renin activity showed a 3.5-fold elevation (P smaller than 0.001) over baseline values. This correlated with maximal blood pressure elevation. Plasma renin activity remained elevated during bypass. High baseline aldosterone levels increased 3.4-fold (P smaller than 0.001) after 15 minutes on bypass and 4.0-fold by the end of bypass. Plasma potassium decreased from 3.9 mEq/1 before bypass to 3.2 mEq/1 (P smaller 0.0001) during bypass, and the fractional urinary excretion of potassium was 32 per cent before bypass with a mean of 34.4 per cent during bypass. Urinary output remained high during bypass despite a progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate. Catecholamine levels showed no significant change. The data suggest that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may play a role in blood pressure regulation during cardiopulmonary bypass and may result in the excessive urinary excretion of potassium and decrease in plasma potassium levels.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1975

Effect of infusion of pharmacologic amounts of vasopressin on renal electrolyte excretion.

Aqueous vasopressin was infused to bicarbonate- and glucose-loaded dogs and to nonloaded antidiuretic dogs in doses of 50 mU/kg per min or 50 mU/kg per h. Both doses caused a marked increase in sodium, chloride, and water excretion. The larger dose raised the fractional excretion (sodium clearance (C-Na)/glomerular filtration rate (GFR) times 100) of these ions from 2% or less to in excess of 20%. Blocking the pressor effects of these doses of vasopressin with sodium nitroprusside did not alter the marked natriuretic and chloriuretic effect. The maximal rate of bicarbonate and glucose reabsorption was not depressed by vasopressin infusion; fractional phosphate excretion, however, was markedly increased. Inhibiting distal hydrogen ion secretion by inducing selective aldosterone deficiency failed to uncover a vasopressin-induced inhibition of proximal bicarbonate reabsorption that might have been masked by increased distal bicarbonate reabsorption. There was no significant change in GFR, renal plasma flow, or filtration fraction. The distribution of cortical renal blood flow (measured by the radioactive microsphere technique) shifted toward the inner cortex after vasopressin administration. Vasopressin, in pharmacologic doses, is a potent diuretic that most likely exerts this effect by directly inhibiting sodium reabsorption at a point in the nephron distal to the proximal tubule.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1975

The effect of mineralocorticoid deficiency on renal concentrating and diluting capacity.

To examine the effect of mineralocorticoid deficiency on sodium transport by the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, free water clearance and reabsorption were measured in the same six dogs under conditions of aldosterone deficiency and mineralocorticoid sufficiency. Aldosterone deficiency was induced by bilateral adrenalectomy with dexamethasone replacement. H2O/100 ML GFR ranged from 4.0 to 19.5 in the aldosterone deficient dogs and 4.5-18.6 in the mineralocorticoid sufficient dogs. H2O/100 ML GFR plotted against V/100 ML GFR showed no significant difference between the two groups. H2O/100 ml GFR ranged from 1.2 to 6.5 in the mineralocorticoid sufficient group and 2.4-8.5 in the mineralcorticoid sufficient group and 2.4-8.5 in the aldosterone deficient group. TC-H2O/100 GFR plotted against Osm/100 ml GFR revealed no significant urine concentration in the mineralocorticoid sufficient group was 1356 mOsm/kg plus or minus 254 (SD) and 1386 mOsm/kg plus or minus 331 (SD) for the aldosterne deficient group; the difference is not significant. This study failed to demonstrate any effect of aldosterone deficiency on renal concentrating and diluting capacity and thus provides inferential evidence against an effect of aldosterone on ascending limb sodium reabsorption.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1972

Relationship of sodium reabsorption and glomerular filtration rate to renal glucose reabsorption.

Glucose reabsorption was measured in dogs in which sodium reabsorption was stimulated by obstruction of the thoracic inferior vena cava or inhibited by volume expansion with Ringer's lactate. Glucose reabsorption was much higher during periods of enhanced sodium reabsorption than during sodium diuresis. The relationship of glucose reabsorption to glomerular filtration rate was examined using data from animals that had fractional sodium excretion rates of less than 1%. Under this condition the relationship of glucose reabsorption to glomerular filtration rate is highly linear. When points obtained during sodium diuresis (C(Na)/GFR>0.1) are plotted on the same graph, glucose reabsorption at any given glomerular filtration rate is much less than during antidiuresis. Glucose reabsorption divided by glomerular filtration rate varies inversely with fractional sodium excretion. This study demonstrates that glomerular tubular balance for glucose exists in the dog and that this balance is changed when sodium reabsorption changes.

Animals↗