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Biomedical subjects

P Wehman

Publications and source records attributed to P Wehman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Costs of operating a supported work program for traumatically brain-injured individuals.

This paper presents a preliminary analysis of costs associated with a return-to-work program emphasizing a supported employment approach for persons who had sustained severe traumatic brain injuries. This analysis spans almost three years. Results indicated that a mean of 237.8 hours of staff intervention time was required to achieve job stabilization, at a cost of +6896. Ongoing follow-along and support services averaged 1.64 hours per week at a cost of +47.56. Over 68% of total staff time and costs were expended in job-site training and advocacy efforts. Application of these findings to state-level and agency-level policies should be weighed against individual characteristics and needs of clients, program design, and outcomes which clients achieve as a result of services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Supported employment for persons with severe and profound mental retardation: a critical analysis.

An analysis of the employment outcomes of 109 persons with severe profound mental retardation was undertaken. The mean age of the group was 28 years and mean intelligence quotient (Stanford-Binet) was 30. The data were drawn from over 90 local community programmes in the United States. Results indicated that all persons were in supervised residential situations and that 93% of the total were competitively employed with the mean wage being $3.63 per hour. Mean hours of weekly employment were 22 hours. After 12 months of placement, 81.5% of the clients were still employed. Supported employment has provided new work opportunities for a group of people long reviewed as permanently unemployable.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Helping postacute traumatically brain injured clients return to work: three case studies.

This paper presents three case studies of individuals who had sustained a severe brain injury and who are clients of a return to work programme emphasizing a supported employment approach. The case studies illustrate the types of interventions which are utilized, including job placement; job site and off-site training, advocacy, and compensatory strategies; and ongoing assessment and maintenance of social and productive gains in order to assist with job retention. The results of the case studies may be generalized to the population of brain injury survivors who require intensive and long-term intervention and support in order to return to employment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

National supported employment initiative: a preliminary analysis.

A survey of 27 states receiving federal supported employment grants was conducted. Results indicated that the number of participating individuals increased 157% during the 3-year study period. Further, over 1,400 programs of supported employment were authorized by state agencies during this time. Individual placement options remained prevalent and employment outcomes associated with this approach appeared to be superior to outcomes associated with other models. Persons with mental retardation were the most frequent participants; individuals experiencing other handicapping conditions or those considered severely handicapped were not well represented. Implications of these results for the continued implementation of this new service alternative were discussed.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed1989

Effect of supported employment on the vocational outcomes of persons with traumatic brain injury.

This paper reports the job placement of 5 males with severe traumatic brain injury. An individual placement model of supported employment was used. All individuals were placed in competitive employment and received staggered intervention over time by trained employment specialists. A multiple baseline design across persons was used to evaluate results. All individuals had been unable to work consistently or at all in competitive work environments. The range of wages was $4.25 to $5.00 per hour with an average of 339 hours of employment specialist intervention time required per case. The major problems experienced by employment specialists were insubordinate and disruptive behaviors as well as other inappropriate social behaviors displayed at the job site.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effects of consumer characteristics and type of employment model on individual outcomes in supported employment.

Although recent federal legislation has led to a proliferation of supported employment programs throughout the country, little information is available that documents the success of these programs. In the present study, we examined the effect of different consumer characteristics and alternative supported employment service delivery models on key employment outcomes including hourly wage, hours worked per week, increase in earnings after supported employment participation, and level of integration on the job. The employment outcomes of a sample of 1,550 individuals receiving supported employment services through 96 local programs in eight states were analyzed to determine the effects of the key independent variables of primary disability and type of employment model. Results indicate that all groups of individuals, regardless of their primary disability, benefited significantly from supported employment participation. Further, data indicate that the individual placement model generated employment outcomes superior to those resulting from group employment options, particularly work crews. Implications of the results for future program development activities are discussed.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1989

Helping traumatically brain injured patients return to work with supported employment: three case studies.

Three case studies illustrating the use of supported employment methods to help individuals with severe head injury are presented. Before supported employment intervention, these individuals were unable either to obtain or maintain employment. Neuropsychologic evaluation revealed many intellectual impairments which contributed to diminished employment potential. Through intervention, all three persons were able to obtain and maintain employment. Consecutive number of months employed ranged from 17.5 to 35, and hours worked per week ranged from 30 to 40. Current hourly earnings exceed the minimum wage, ranging from +5.00 to +5.16 per hour. These cases represent a subset within a larger supported employment program, which assists patients with severe traumatic brain injury to reenter the labor force and maintain employment.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Reducing multiple problem behaviours in a profoundly retarded child.

The purpose of the present paper is to describe two behaviour management programmes developed for a profoundly retarded child in a special education classroom. The target behaviours were:(1)inappropriate object contract,(2)wild running about the room, and(3)consistent refusal to eat. Literature was reviewed in an effort to fine information which would help in the management of these behaviours. However,only a limited number of studies were found to be directly relevant. Salzberg & Napolitan(1974)modified inappropriate object contact through physical restraint. Neumann & Gaoni(1975)increased food consumption in a woman suffering from anorexia nervosa by using preferred foods. No literature was found which demonstrated the suppression of wild running behavior.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1978

Leisure skill programming for severely and profoundly handicapped persons: state of the art.

The purpose of this paper was to (1) review the current research available in leisure skill programming for severely and profoundly handicapped persons; (2) summarize the gaps in knowledge and point to new programming directions in recreation skill development; and (3) outline leisure skill competencies which teacher trainees must develop. In reviewing the leisure skill studies which have been conducted over the past seven years, a descriptive analysis of subject characteristics, teaching procedures, response measures, and generalization/maintenance strategies in each study was provided. The principle areas which were then identified for future programming included recreational skill sequences, self-initiated free play and toy preference evaluation. A statement of 15 recreation programming competencies was devised as a set of guidelines for preparing teacher trainees in leisure skill programming.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Self-management programmes with mentally retarded workers: implications for developing independent vocational behaviour.

Three research studies were conducted to investigate the differential effects of externally administered, self-administered and self-determined reinforcement contingencies on the work production rates of developmentally disabled workers. The results of Expt. I indicated that Client 1, a profoundly retarded male, would work at equivalent rates under externally administered or self-administered reinforcers. Experiment II indicated that a severely retarded male would also work at a high work rate under a self-determined reinforcement contingency. The results of Expt. III replicated these findings in a more controlled design. Different tasks adapted from community workshops were utilized in each study. The implications of these studies for developing independent vocational behaviour in the retarded were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Improving free play skills of severely retarded children.

Severely and profoundly retarded children are usually deficient in play skills. Since play facilitates socialization, language, and motor development, it is a vitally improtant skill to acquire. This pilot study examined the effects of a behavioral training program on the autistic, independent, and social types of play of four severely and profoundly retarded children. The training program involved the use of instructions, modeling, physical guidance, and verbal reinforcement. Results indicated that a marked increase in independent and social play occurred with the introduction of the training program with all four children. Occupational therapists can play an increasingly important role in helping educators formulate relevant educational programs for severely retarded children, particularly in the areas of play and motor skill development.

Behavior Therapy↗