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Biomedical subjects

P Weinbreck

Publications and source records attributed to P Weinbreck.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Do HIV patients know their treatment?].

UNLABELLED: Optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV disease is one of the key factors for its efficacy. OBJECTIVE: The authors had for aim to assess HIV infected patients' knowing of their ART and the correlation with a controlled HIV viral load. DESIGN: We conducted a transversal study. Outpatients were asked at the beginning of a consultation to give the name, the dosage, and the color of their medication. RESULTS: 93 patients were included with a mean age of 45.6 years. 25.8% were AIDS patients and 82.8% had an HIV viral load under 50 copies/ml. The mean duration of treatment was 6.23 years and the latest treatment had been given for 2.26 years. They took an average of 2.6 different drugs and 5.4 pills per day. 22.6% used a pillbox. 90.3% of the patients bought their treatment by themselves and 86% prepared it. The name of all the drugs was known in 68.8%, doses in 90.3%, and colors in 83.9%. In univariate as in multivariate analysis, the use of a pillbox improves the knowledge of the dose (P = 0.01). AIDS patients know the names better (P = 0.02). In univariate and multivariate analysis, knowledge of dosage was correlated to a controlled viral load (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: HIV patients know their treatment well and the knowledge of the dose could be a marker of adherence to ART as it is associated with a controlled viral load.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

[Post-menopausal endometrial tuberculosis].

A 69-year-old menopaused woman, presented a 2-month history of metrorrhagia. We suspected a malignant disease, but, the histopathologic examination of biopsies, found an endometrial inflammation without malignant cells. Culture for mycobacteria showed a Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A course of four-drug antituberculous therapy was started and the patient recovered. Tuberculosis remains a common disease, but genital infection is infrequent. Usually, it concerns young infertile women from non-industrial countries. More attention should be paid to this disease. Women, irrespective of their age, should be investigated for silent or subclinical genital symptoms, with mycobacterial examination.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Double hepatitis B virus infection in a patient with HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection and 'anti-HBc alone' as serological pattern.

Reported here is a case of double hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in an HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patient with antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen as the only serological marker (anti-HBc alone). Two different HBV genotypes were identified in this patient. A search of the medical literature indicated this report is the first to describe a multiple silent HBV infection in an HIV/HCV-coinfected-patient. The elevated incidence of the anti-HBc alone pattern in HIV-positive patients and the increasing number of silent HBV infections detected in those patients demonstrate the need to carefully examine HIV-positive patients for occult HBV infection. In addition, it appears necessary to thoroughly study such patients in order to evaluate the impact of mixed HBV infection and triple HIV/HCV/HBV infection on morbidity.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed2005

[Salmonella of Indian origin: pseudo-susceptibility to fluoroquinolones].

We report the case of a patient presenting with typhoid fever after returning from a stay in India. This infection was not cured with a course of ciprofloxacin, due to a reduced susceptibility of the bacteria to the drug. This decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones was not detected by the antibiogram, but the MIC for nalidixic acid was greater than 32 mg/l. This case suggests using a third generation cephalosporin instead of a quinolone, for people coming from a high-risk zone. It also suggests that the MIC for nalidixic acid and for norfloxacin can be used as the first clue for a reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Foodborne infections in France.

To quantify the impact of foodborne diseases on health, and set priorities for data collection, prevention and control of these diseases, we compiled and analyzed information from surveillance systems and other sources on the morbidity and mortality due to foodborne infectious diseases in mainland France in the last decade of the 20th century. Illness due to 13 bacteria, two viruses, and eight parasites were studied. The number of foodborne infections, hospitalizations, and deaths were estimated from multiple data sources. For each agent, several estimates were derived from the different sources. Estimates were ranked according to their plausibility, based on an assessment of the validity of the data source, and are presented as a "plausible interval" consisting of a low and high estimate. We estimate that these pathogens caused 10,200-17,800 hospitalizations per year. Salmonella is the most frequent cause (5,700-10,200 cases), followed by Campylobacter (2,600-3,500 cases) and Listeria (304 cases). Toxoplasmosis accounts for the majority of hospitalizations (426 cases) attributable to the studied parasitic infections. The number of deaths related to foodborne infection was estimated between 228 and 691. Bacterial pathogens account for the majority (191 to 652) of deaths of which 92 to 535 are attributable to salmonellosis, ranking as the first cause of death, and 78 to listeriosis, the second cause. Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Listeria are the main causes of severe foodborne illness in France. For several pathogens, data are insufficient to derive exact estimates of the disease burden. Nevertheless, it has been possible to derive plausible estimates for the majority, and to rank them according to their impact on public health.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMed2003

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hematologic malignancies: a descriptive study.

Objectives. A retrospective multicentric study was conducted over a five-year period to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcome of patients with proven Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) complicating hematologic malignancies.Results. The study included 60 HIV-negative patients with 18 non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (30%), 13 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (21.7%), 10 acute leukemia (16.6%), 5 multiple myeloma (8.3%), 4 Waldenström's diseases (6.6%), 4 chronic myeloid leukemia (6.6%), 3 myelodysplasia (5%), 2 Hodgkin's diseases (3.3%) and 1 thrombopenia. Bronchoalveolar lavage was diagnostic in all patients. Forty-nine patients received cytotoxic drugs (81.7%), 25 (41.7%) a long-term corticotherapy and 15 (25%) underwent bone marrow transplantation. Twenty-seven patients (45%) required admission in the intensive care unit, 35 (58.3%) received an adjunctive corticotherapy and 18 mechanical ventilation (30%). Twenty patients (33.3%) died of PCP. A previous long-term corticotherapy (p=0.04), high respiratory (p=0.05) and pulse rates (p=0.02), elevated C reactive protein (p=0.01) and mechanical ventilation (OR=13.37; IC: 1.9-50) were associated with a poor prognosis. Adjunctive corticotherapy did not modify the prognosis.Conclusions. These results suggest that PCP can occur during the course of various hematologic malignancies, not only lymphoproliferative disorders. Prognosis remains poor. The diagnosis should be advocated more frequently and earlier to improve the prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Substitution of a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for a protease inhibitor in the treatment of patients with undetectable plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA.

Seventy-three patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were enrolled in a prospective observational study to investigate the efficacy and tolerance of substituting a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) for a protease inhibitor (PI) in patients whose plasma viral load (pVL) was controlled by a PI regimen. After a median follow-up of 52 weeks, 63 patients (86.3%) had undetectable pVLs. The incidence of virological breakthrough at 12 months of follow-up was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1-20) among patients who had been antiretroviral naive before receiving HAART and 19.2% (95% CI, 6-34) among patients who had been treated with antiretroviral drugs before receiving the PI regimen (P=.10).

CD4 Lymphocyte Count↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of BC-3 and BCP-1 cell lines in immunofluorescence assay to detect HHV-8 antibodies in Kaposi's sarcoma, multiple myeloma and other groups.

BACKGROUND: We describe a comparative study of an immunofluorescence assay using inducible BC-3 and BCP-1 cell lines as sources of HHV-8 antigens. STUDY DESIGN: Detection of both antibodies to proteins expressed in lytic cycle and during latency in sera from HIV-infected patients with KS, HIV-positive patients without KS, normal blood donors, HIV-negative pregnant women and HIV-negative patients with multiple myeloma. Where possible, detection of antibody was associated with nested PCR detection of HHV-8 in peripheral mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples collected from AIDS-KS patients. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence was more intense with the BC-3 cell line than with BCP-1, thus facilitating examination under the microscope. HHV-8 antibodies were detected among 82.75% of AIDS-KS patients, in 27.3% of HIV-infected homosexual men, 2% of blood donors and in 2% of pregnant women. No HHV-8 antibodies were detected in serum samples from HIV-negative patients presenting multiple myeloma. HHV-8 DNA sequences were detected and confirmed by southern blot hybridization in five out of 17 (29.4%) PBMC samples from AIDS-KS patients. Titre of antibodies to proteins expressed in lytic cycle was much higher than the titre of antibodies to proteins expressed during latency. CONCLUSIONS: Both immunofluorescence assays were found useful and HHV-8 seroprevalence rates reported in previous studies were confirmed. In addition, results obtained using these assays tend to provide evidence for a lack of epidemiological association between HHV-8 infection and development of multiple myeloma.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HDV hepatitis markers in 500 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus].

The serological status for both hepatitis B, C and D viruses was analyzed for 500 HIV seropositive patients and for 1037 of a control group. The prevalence was 31.4% for anti HCV, 13.8% for HBs Ag and 69.0% for one or more HBV markers in HIV positive patients and respectively 2.5%, 2.7% and 13.1% in control group. The markers for hepatitis D were founded among 21% of the HBs Ag carriers (patients and control group), correlated with drug i.v. use. The prevalence of anti-HCV was 71.6% in subjects who had blood-borne HIV infection and 1.5% in those with sexually acquired infection. The prevalence in control group was 10.2% and 1.7% respectively according to the same risk factors. The prevalence of HBs Ag was higher among HIV positive patients with sexual risk (17.5%) than with blood exposition (9.9%) and a variation in the same direction is observed in control group (3% v.s. 1%). The relation between markers for hepatitis B and hepatitis C was negative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Enteric prevalence of adenovirus in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive patients.

To evaluate the prevalence of adenovirus strains in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and to investigate their possible role in the onset of diarrhea, a total of 103 stools from HIV-seropositive patients at various stages of infection and 200 stools from sex and age cross-matched control subjects were examined. Adenovirus prevalence was measured by ELISA as well as conventional and rapid cell culture techniques. Results were compared between patients suffering from diarrhea and those without diarrhea. Adenovirus prevalence was statistically greater in HIV-seropositive cases than controls (8.7%, 2.5%, respectively). No significant difference was found between HIV-positive patients with diarrhea and those without gastrointestinal complications (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference in adenovirus prevalence was found between HIV-positive patients with diarrhea and control subjects with diarrhea (P = 0.02). Although viral prevalence varied with the different stages of HIV infection, differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, although current opinion considers adenoviruses to be no more than opportunistic pathogens, the results of this large-scale study do not exclude a potential reactivation of latent adenovirus in HIV infection and suggest that further effort should be directed to elucidating such a mechanism if it exists as well as investigating the specific role of certain adenovirus serotypes in provoking diarrhea during later stages of HIV infection.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

No direct relationship between HIV1/2 infection and HHV-6 antibody response in a large-scale European and African trial.

BACKGROUND: Tropism of both human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for CD4+ lymphocytes, and several studies on HIV enhancer transactivation by HHV-6 have suggested that HHV-6 could be implicated as a cofactor in the progression of HIV infection to AIDS. OBJECTIVES: To determine if there is any relationship between HHV-6 infection and the course of HIV infection. STUDY DESIGN: 527 French and 558 African sera (210 from Senegal, 348 from Ivory Coast) were tested for HHV-6 titers by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). For each country, patients studied were divided into several groups; those with AIDS, those who were HIV-seropositive but symptomless, and HIV-seronegative patients. RESULTS: No statistical difference could be found between HHV-6 prevalences or HHV-6 geometric mean titers obtained for each geographical area in the different HIV-1- and/or HIV-2-positive and HIV-negative groups. HIV patients with clinical manifestations of AIDS did not differ in percent seropositivity or distribution of titers from the HIV-asymptomatic patients or HIV-seronegative patients. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that there is no correlation between HHV-6 antibodies and HIV seropositivity or with the stage of HIV infection.

Journal Article↗