[Clinical and experimental research on chronic atropic gastritis treated by weiyan mixture].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
P Yu
Publications and source records attributed to P Yu.
[Effect of baicalin and tetramethylpyrazine on intracranial hypertension of infectious brain edema in rabbits].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of mannitol (MN), baicalin (BC) and tetramethylpyrazine (TMPZ) on intracranial hypertension (ICH) of infectious brain edema induced by Pertussis bacilli (PB) in rabbits. METHODS: Forty-five rabbits were divided randomly into five groups: the normal saline group (A); the pertussis bacilli group (B); the MN treated group (C); the TMPZ treated group (D) and the BC treated group (E). PB was injected into the left internal carotid artery of rabbits to establish the infectious brain edema model, their intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored continuously by fiberoptic ICP monitor. Treatments were given intravenously 1 hour after injecting PB, and changes of ICP, brain water content (WC), Evans blue (EB), Na+, K+ and morphology were observed within 4 hours after PB or NS injection. RESULTS: MN, TMPZ and BC all could reduce the brain edema and ICH in rabbits induced by PB, the effect of MN was the most rapid and obvious one, but it lasted for rather shorter time, while the effect of TMPZ and BC was initiated later but lasted for a longer time. The ICP of Group C in 2nd to 4th hour was higher than that of Group D and Group E, but lower than that of Group B. The ICP of Group E in 3rd to 4th hour was lower than that of group D. At the same time of lowering ICP, brain WC, EB, Na+ contents and pathologic morphologic change were also alleviated. CONCLUSION: Both BC and TMPZ could reduce ICP in infectious brain edema, the effect of BC was better than that of TMPZ.
Animals↗
[Effects and applications of ascorbic acid on the proliferation of Chlamydia trachomatis].
Two hundred and eighty-eight samples of patients with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) and prostatitis were detected by cell culture and immunofluorescence assay for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and the effects of ascorbic acid(vitC) on the formation rate of inclusion of CT in positive samples were also studied. The results showed that the formation rate of inclusion of CT was 29.5% when the concentration of vitC was 5 micrograms.ml-1. The difference between test group and control group which contained cycloheximide in the media was insignificant (P > 0.05). The results suggested that vitC was a kind of nutrient needed for CT. The proliferation of CT in the cell can be promoted by vitC. We can replace cycloheximide by vitC in McCoy cell culture to detect clinic samples with CT.
Adult↗
[Study on etiologic agents of vaginitis].
In order to provide scientific basis for preventing and curing vaginitis, etiologic agents were examined in 354 patients with vaginitis and 115 healthy women using rapid and reliable laboratory methods. The inducements of vaginitis were analysed. The results showed that candida was only detected for the normal control group. Bacteria, candida and trichomonas were the commonest causes of vaginitis. With the increasing ages of patients with vaginitis, the incidence rates of all kinds of vaginitis were lowered. Vaginitis is associated with pregnancy, using antibiotics and contraceptive, or sexual activity.
Adult↗
[Study on etiology of nongonococcal urethritis].
One thousand one hundred and fifty-seven samples from urogenital tract were detected by isolating culture and immunofluorescence. The positive rates of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Ureaplasma Urealyticum (UU), Mycoplasma hominis (Mh), Candida (Cd), Staphylococcus aureus were 27.8%, 33.5%, 25.6%, 11.5%, 23% respectively. The rate of mixed infection caused by at least two pathogens was 19.8%. About 90% of the infected patients were from 20 to 40 years old. The related factors of pathogen detection were also studied.
Adolescent↗
[Effect of pertussis bacilli on the release of excitatory amino acids in brain slice of rats].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pertussis bacilli on the release of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) in rat-brain slice and to know whether MK-801(dizocipine) protects brain tissue from excitotoxicity. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1. Normal slice cultured group(NC); 2. 10% pertussis bacilli(PB) slice cultured group(PBC); 3. 10% PB slice cultured group after pretreatment with MK-801. The release of EAAs from brain slices was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The concentrations of glutamate(Glu 29.53 +/- 8.00), aspartate(Asp 23.74 +/- 5.79) and LDH(38.03 +/- 8.45) were significantly higher in PBC group than those(Glu 16.46 +/- 4.00, Asp 15.27 +/- 5.31, LDH 23.10 +/- 5.11) in MPBC group and (Glu 16.09 +/- 3.74, Asp 11.47 +/- 2.51, LDH 25.82 +/- 4.50) NC group. CONCLUSION: Pertussis bacilli may elicit a large increase of extracellular EAAs and LDH in vitro, while MK-801 protects brain tissue from excitotoxicity.
Animals↗
[Fluid therapy for acute brain edema in children].
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Brain Edema↗
Comparison of the mode of action of a dinuclear platinum complex containing a pyridine derivative with its monomeric analog.
The DNA binding and interstrand cross-linking properties of the dinuclear platinum complex [¿cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl¿2bpsu](NO3)2 (bpsu is 4,4'-dipyridyl sulfide) (II) and the mononuclear complex [cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl(4-methylpyridine)]NO3 (I) were compared with those of [¿cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl¿2H2N(CH2)4NH2](NO3)2 (III) in order to understand the mode of action of complexes I and II. Both compound I and compound II caused significantly different changes of conformation in poly(dG-dC) x poly(dG-dC) than compound III did. Studies of DNA binding, interstrand cross-linking and fluorescence assay suggest that compound I monofunctionally binds to DNA and compound II bifunctionally binds to DNA, that the dinuclear platinum complex II more efficiently interacts with DNA compared to its monomeric analog, and that platinum I and II complexes both interact with DNA in a non-intercalative mode. All the results indicate that the mode of action of the dinuclear complex II is different from that of the mononuclear complex I.
Animals↗
Identification of quinine metabolites in urine after oral dosing in humans.
A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was used to separate quinine and its metabolites present in urine after oral dosing of 300 mg quinine in humans. The technique allowed the separation of quinine and ten metabolites. Four of these metabolites were definitely identified as 3-hydroxyquinine, 2'-quinone, O-desmethylquinine and 10,11-dihydroxydihydroquinine, by comparing their methane chemical ionization mass spectra with those of authentic standards prepared by organic synthesis. Six other metabolites are described for the first time in human urine. From their electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectra, we propose these compounds to be 3-hydroxy-2'-quinone, O-desmethyl-2'-quinone, O-desmethyl-3-hydroxyquinine, O-desmethyl-3-hydroxy-2'-quinone, 10,11-dihydroxydihydro-2'-quinone and 10,11-dihydroxydihydro-O-desmethylquinine. These secondary metabolites probably arose from further biotransformation of the four primary metabolites.
Administration, Oral↗
Identification of mouse itih-4 encoding a glycoprotein with two EF-hand motifs from early embryonic liver.
An essential feature of cell differentiation is the specificity of signal transduction events from extracellular cues, which are considered to be conferred by scaffold, anchoring and adaptor proteins. Our aim was to identify important scaffolding proteins required for liver development. Utilizing subtraction hybridization of embryonic liver cDNA libraries, here we report the full length cDNA sequence for mouse itih-4 (Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor H4). Itih-4 encodes a 942 amino acid protein containing two EF-hand (helix-loop-helix) motifs with an unique short loop, with a potential calcium-binding function. Itih-4 is expressed as a strong 3.1-kb transcript in liver, to a lesser extent in lung and heart tissue. RT-PCR demonstrates itih-4 mRNAs abundantly in liver, less in heart and brain, during mid-embryonic gestation. These results suggest that itih-4 is a potential regulator for extracellular matrix proteins and plays a role during early embryonic liver development.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Choroidal regulation of oxygen supply to the guinea pig retina.
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Animals↗
A phase II study of combination paclitaxel and carboplatin in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and toxicity of combination paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy in patients with metastatic and/or locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Patients with metastatic and/or locoregionally advanced NPC were treated with carboplatin calculated according to an AUC of 6 mg ml/min (based on Calvert formula) given as an intravenous (i.v.) bolus, followed by paclitaxel 135 mg/ml2 given as an i.v. infusion over 3 h with standard premedication. Cycles were given 3 weekly to a maximum of six. From January 1996 to November 1997, 27 patients were entered and assessable for response and toxicity. A total of 122 cycles were given and the median number of cycles given was five. The overall response rate was 59% (16/27). There were 3 (11%) complete responses, 13 (48%) partial responses, 5 (19%) static disease and 6 (22%) progressive disease. Toxicity was mainly haematological including: grade 3/4 neutropenia (39 cycles, 32%), grade 3/4 anaemia (nine cycles, 7%), grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia (eight cycles, 7%). There were three episodes of neutropenic fever (3%). Non-haematological toxicities were mild and infrequent. Paclitaxel and carboplatin combination chemotherapy is active in NPC and has tolerable toxicity. Further study with dose escalation is required to assess its optimal efficacy.
Adult↗
Simulation program for optimal orthopedic call: a modeling system for orthopedic surgical trauma call.
This report uses a mathematical modeling system to define optimal orthopedic coverage for trauma centers. Data from 2,325 patients treated with emergency orthopedic operations within 24 hours of admission at 78 randomly sampled and at four totally sampled verified centers were used to create a profile of (1) admission by month, day, and hour; (2) operation times; and (3) operation duration. The reason for operation included (1) open fracture or crush (809 patients); (2) irreducible dislocations (164 patients); (3) fracture with vascular injury (seven patients); (4) dislocation with vascular injury (17 patients); (5) compartment syndrome (11 patients); (6) femoral neck fracture in young patients (36 patients); (7) combination of categories 1 to 6 (70 patients); (8) fracture with multiple injuries (171 patients); and (9) urgent not emergent (1,040 patients). The program defined the frequency that an injured patient needing an orthopedic consult would wait beyond 30 minutes because the orthopedic surgeon was doing a trauma related operation at a center with one or two orthopedic surgeons on call. The probability that a patient cannot be seen promptly by one orthopedic surgeon in a center doing 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, and 300 emergency procedures per year is 0.17, 0.74, 1.6, 3.1, 12.5, and 28 patients per year. When two are on call, 1.3 patients, yearly, will wait more than 30 minutes in a center doing 300 emergency procedures. Thus, mandatory orthopedic backup call for a trauma center performing fewer than 100 emergent trauma procedures within 24 hours is unwarranted.
Computer Simulation↗
Preservation of vasoactive properties of human retinal arteries after cryopreservation.
PURPOSE: Although we have several established in vitro systems for studying the vasoactive properties of the ocular vasculature, the restricted availability of human donor tissue has forced us to rely predominantly on animal studies. METHODS: The present paper describes, for the first time, a controlled-rate cryopreservation technique capable of maintaining vasoactive function in human retinal arteries after extended storage. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: The response to constrictive (endothelin-I) and vasodilatory agents (nimodipine and betaxolol) was comparable with that in fresh pig vessels. It is now possible to obtain multiple segments of retinal artery from a single donor eye and to preserve them for detailed pharmacological assessment.
Aged↗
Overview of studies on metabolic and vascular regulatory changes in early diabetic retinopathy.
The present review provides an overview of recent research describing functional changes to the retinal vasculature in very early diabetes. The research focuses on the streptozotocin rat model after 4-6 weeks of induced diabetes and describes functional changes to retinal blood flow, vascular control and retinal oxygenation, as well as a strong vasodilatory response to insulin in the retinal vasculature. The review raises the question of whether choroid dysfunction is also a feature of diabetic retinopathy.
Animals↗
Impaired G protein function in gallbladder muscle from progesterone-treated guinea pigs.
This study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of action of progesterone on gallbladder smooth muscle in guinea pigs. Adult male guinea pigs were treated with either progesterone (2 mg.kg-1.day-1) or saline for 7 days. Gallbladder muscle cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion with collagenase. Contractile responses to agonists were expressed as percent shortening from control cell length. [35S]guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) ([35S]GTP gamma S)-binding properties of G proteins were assessed in crude membranes of gallbladder muscle with or without cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) stimulation. Gallbladder muscle cells from progesterone-treated guinea pigs exhibited an impaired contractile response to CCK-8, GTP gamma S, or aluminum fluoride but a normal response to potassium chloride or D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate compared with controls. Western blot analysis of gallbladder muscle revealed the presence of Gi1-2, Gi3, Gq/11, and Gs proteins. The maximal contraction induced by CCK-8 was blocked by pertussis toxin and Gi alpha 3-specific antibodies, but not by Gi alpha 1-2 or Gq/11 alpha antibodies. CCK-8 caused a significant increase in [35S]GTP gamma S binding to Gi alpha 3, but not to Gq/11 alpha or Gi alpha 1-2. The stimulation of Gi alpha 3 binding, however, was significantly reduced in gallbladder muscle membranes from progesterone-treated guinea pigs compared with that in control animals. In conclusion, progesterone might cause gallbladder hypomotility by downregulating Gi3 proteins.
Aluminum Compounds↗
Signal transduction pathways mediating CCK-induced gallbladder muscle contraction.
The signal transduction that mediates CCK-induced contraction of gallbladder muscle was investigated in the cat. Contraction was measured by scanning micrometry in single muscle cells isolated enzymatically with collagenase. Production of D-myo-inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) and sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) was quantitated using HPLC and TLC, respectively. Protein kinase C (PKC) activity was determined by measuring the phosphorylation of a specific substrate peptide from myelin basic protein, Ac-MBP-(4-14). CCK-induced contraction was blocked by incubation in strontium medium, pertussis toxin (PTx), and antibodies against Gialpha3 or betagamma-subunits but was not blocked by Ca2+-free medium or by antibodies against Gq/11alpha, Gialpha1-2, or Goalpha. The contraction induced by CCK was inhibited by the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U-73122, anti-PLC-beta3 antibody, and the IP3 receptor antagonist heparin but was not inhibited by the the phospholipase D inhibitor propranolol or antibodies against PLC-beta1 or PLC-beta2. Western blot analysis of gallbladder muscle revealed the presence of PLC-beta2 and PLC-beta3 but not PLC-beta1. CCK caused a 94% increase in IP3 generation and an 86% increase in DAG generation. A low dose of CCK caused PKC translocation, and CCK-induced contraction was blocked by the PKC inhibitor H-7. A high dose of CCK, however, caused no PKC translocation, and its contraction was blocked by the calmodulin antagonist CGS9343B. In conclusion, CCK contracts cat gallbladder muscle by stimulating PTx-sensitive Gi 3 protein coupled with PLC-beta3, producing IP3 and DAG. Low doses activate PKC, whereas high doses activate calmodulin.
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
Milk yield and composition of lactating cows fed steam-flaked sorghum and graded concentrations of ruminally degradable protein.
To determine the effect of various amounts of ruminally undegradable protein in the diets of lactating cows fed steam-flaked sorghum, 24 Holstein cows (90 +/- 50 d in milk) were assigned to three treatments: 0.8% urea, 6% soybean meal, or 5% fish meal. Respective percentages of ruminally undegradable protein in the diets (as a percentage of crude protein) were 30, 35, and 39%. All diets contained 37% alfalfa hay; 3 to 5% cottonseed hulls; 10 to 13% whole cottonseed; 39% steam-flaked sorghum (360 g/L); 5% of a molasses, mineral, and vitamin supplement; and the different protein supplements. Intake of dry matter was higher for cows fed urea than for cows fed soybean meal or fish meal diets. In cows that yielded more than 40 kg/d of milk (4 cows per treatment), the soybean meal and fish meal diets resulted in higher yields of milk and 3.5% fat-corrected milk and a greater efficiency of conversion of feed to milk than did the urea diet. Cows that yielded less than 40 kg/d of milk (4 cows per treatment) at the beginning of treatment tended to yield more milk when fed urea than when fed the protein supplements. Nutrient digestibilities were not greatly affected by source of N, suggesting a beneficial effect of urea supplementation on nutrient digestibilities because replacement of protein supplements with cottonseed products caused the neutral detergent fiber content of the urea diet to be about 7% higher than that of the other diets. These data show that response to ruminally undegradable protein in diets of lactating cows fed steam-flaked sorghum was related to milk yield.
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗