PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Zamora

Publications and source records attributed to P Zamora.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): chemotherapy in advanced disease. Our experience in ten years.

This is a review of the therapeutic schedules used in our service during the past 10 years for the therapy of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. During the first years, nonrandomized trials were conducted and several combinations were tested: MACC (methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and CCNU), cisplatin-etoposide, and cisplatin-vindesine. The results of these trials were invariably discouraging: objective responses hardly reached 30%, while the survival was around 15 months in the best case. On December 1985 a new randomized trial, based on the combination MIP (mytomicin, ifosfamide, cisplatin) was designed; 60.7% of objective responses were achieved, with 9 complete remissions (17.6%) and 22 partial remissions (43.1%). Median survival was 15 months. In order to reduce the toxicity of this combination, carboplatin was substituted for cisplatin. Unfortunately, results were very poor. No complete remission, and only 5 partial responses (20%) were achieved. At the present time, a new randomized trial is being conducted. In it, MIP combination is compared with VIP (vindesine, ifosfamide, cisplatin). Preliminary results have shown no differences between both arms in response, toxicity, or survival. New therapeutic approaches, as neoadjuvant therapy, are being explored.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

Usefulness of megestrol acetate in cancer cachexia and anorexia. A placebo-controlled study.

To assess the effect of megestrol acetate (MA) on the appetite and weight of cancer patients with nonhormone-dependent tumors, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was designed. One hundred fifty patients were included: 76 were given MA (240 mg/day orally) for at least 2 months, and 74 were given placebo (P). Body weight, subjective sense of appetite (SSA) evaluated by an analogic linear visual scale scored from 1 to 10, and performance status (PS) were measured before therapy and monthly thereafter. No differences in body weight before and after treatment could be found in any group. However, 32% of the patients in the MA group (95% confidence interval: 20.1-44.6%) gained 2 or more kilograms (P less than 0.001). This group also showed an improvement in SSA (P less than 0.01): an increase greater than or equal to 2 points appeared in 57.5% of patients (95% confidence interval 44.6-69.4%). There was no significant difference in PS for the treatment groups before or after therapy. The percentage of reported adverse events did not differ significantly from one treatment group to the next. We conclude that therapy with MA at a dose of 240 mg/day improved SSA and was associated with moderate weight gain in patients with hormone-insensitive malignancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of two antibiotic regimens (piperacillin plus amikacin versus ceftazidime plus amikacin) as empiric therapy for febrile neutropenic patients with cancer.

A total of 170 febrile episodes in neutropenic patients with cancer were randomly assigned to be treated with piperacillin-amikacin or ceftazidime-amikacin. The overall response rates were similar in both groups (68 and 65%, respectively). Response rates for clinically or microbiologically documented episodes were 54.5% for piperacillin-amikacin and 58.8% for ceftazidime-amikacin. Response rates for gram-negative bacillary infections were 65 and 73%, respectively. There was also no difference for gram-positive infections (31 and 50%, respectively). The toxicities were also comparable and consisted of skin rashes, hypokalemia, and diarrhea. Vancomycin was added if the fever persisted 72 h after the beginning of therapy; it increased the response rates to 94% when used with piperacillin-amikacin and 92% when used with ceftazidime plus amikacin. Our results suggest that the combinations show similar global efficacies in the treatment of febrile episodes in cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Kaposi's sarcoma associated with chronic B lymphocytic leukemia. Coexistence of both diseases in skin lesions].

Kaposi's sarcoma is a rare malignancy. Its association with second primary cancers, especially of the lymphoreticular system, has been relatively frequently noted. We report a case of Kaposi's sarcoma (SK) in a 62 years-old women, affected by B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (LLC B) for 22 month, that had received chemotherapy. Two skin lesions were seen on left lower limb. A biopsy revealed the coexistence of both diseases in the skin lesions. This finding is extremely rare. We review the possible etiopathogenic implications of this association and of the coexistence of both diseases in the same lesion.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Bone metastases as the first manifestation of a tumour.

We have reviewed 29 patients whose first sign of a tumour was a bone metastasis. Two primaries were identified, lung adenocarcinoma and uterine adenocarcinoma and in 2 cases a presumptive diagnosis of tumours of the breast and prostate was made. The mean survival time was 3 months. When bone metastases are found in the absence of a primary tumour, investigation must include a clinical history, physical examination, routine laboratory tests and chest radiographs. Mammography should be done in women, particularly when there are palpable axillary nodes. Abdominal CT scanning and bronchoscopy should only be undertaken when there is a clinical indication.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Antiemetic regimens in outpatients receiving cisplatin and non-cisplatin chemotherapy. A randomized trial comparing high-dose metoclopramide plus methylprednisolone with and without lorazepam.

Results of a randomized trial on antiemesis for cisplatin (CDDP) and non-CDDP chemotherapy-induced vomiting are reported. One hundred and sixty-three outpatients received 282 chemotherapy courses (141 with CDDP and 141 without CDDP). Patients were randomly assigned to receive either high-dose metoclopramide plus methylprednisolone (arm A) or the same drugs plus lorazepam (arm B). In both arms a high protection rate for vomiting was obtained, on the whole without statistically significant differences. Patients who received lorazepam had, however, significantly fewer nausea episodes during first day post-chemotherapy (p less than 0.05). Arm B was also superior in anxiety control during the first day of chemotherapy (p less than 0.01). Both regimens were significantly more effective in patients who had not been given chemotherapy previously (p less than 0.01). No differences in antiemetic protection were found between CDDP and non-CDDP courses. No significant differences were found in premonitory vomiting control between the two arms of the trial. Toxicity was very mild with both regimens, although sedation was significantly higher in arm B (p less than 0.001). We conclude that high-dose metoclopramide plus methylprednisolone is a highly effective combination for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and that it is quite suitable for outpatient use. Lorazepam did not significantly increase the antiemetic potency of the combination, nor did it improve premonitory vomiting control, although it gave a better control of acute nausea and anxiety.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Gastric adenocarcinoma following the treatment of a gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

The association of gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and the subsequent development of gastric adenocarcinoma is an exceptional finding. In our series of 24 cases of primitive NHL of the stomach diagnosed between 1966 and 1985 only one developed gastric adenocarcinoma. It was a 38-year-old male with a gastric NHL of immunocytoma type and in the stage IE of the Ann Arbor classification. The patient was treated with subtotal gastrectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy. Twenty-seven months later an adenocarcinoma of the gastrojejunal anastomosis mucosa was found. In the review of the literature we have found 17 cases of this association. Gastric adenocarcinoma developed 3.5-34 years after the treatment of gastric NHL. The implicated factors in the development of this association are: gastric resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and NHL itself.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Phase II trial of carboplatin and tegafur (Ftorafur) as induction therapy in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil by continuous infusion combination produces a high response rate in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Carboplatin (CBDCA) is a cisplatin analogue with lower emetic potential and nephrotoxicity, although the myelosuppression potential is higher. Tegafur (ftorafur, FT) is an analogue of 5-fluorouracil. It is absorbed well in its oral form and has moderate gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicity. This clinical trial tested the association of CBDCA i.v. plus FT p.o. in patients with SCCHN who had not been previously treated. Twenty-one patients were evaluable for response; the overall response was 62% (33% complete response, 29% partial response). Toxicity was moderate in most of the patients, although there was a treatment-related death.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Phase II trial of cisplatin and tegafur (Ftorafur) as initial therapy in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil infusion combination produces a high response rate in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Tegafur (Ftorafur) is an analog of 5-fluorouracil, and its oral form is well absorbed. This agent has a moderate toxicity. We report a study to determine the efficacy of the cisplatin (100 mg/m2, day 1) and tegafur (1,000 mg/m2 daily for 21 days) combination. Thirty-nine patients entered the study; 36 were evaluable for response. Overall response was 94%, with a 22% complete response. Toxicity was moderate. We conclude that the cisplatin and tegafur combination is active in untreated patients with head and neck cancer.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[The bioavailability of 4 sustained-release theophylline preparations from the Chilean market].

We evaluated pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of 4 sustained release theophylline preparations. A crossover design was used in 12 healthy males aged 22 to 27 years old. Each individual received 250 mg iv followed by 250 mg orally of each preparation, and then 400 mg rapid acting aminophylline. A 7 day period was allowed between drug courses. HPLC was used to determine plasma levels of theophylline at regular intervals up to 48 hr following drug administration. Significant (p < 0.05) differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were found among preparations, 2 of them having larger integrals of plasma levels and one of them different times to peak plasma level and peak plasma concentration, compared to both remaining preparations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Ewing's tumor in brothers. An unusual observation.

Ewing's sarcoma in two brothers is described. This has not been previously reported in the literature. Hypotheses which might explain this association are discussed. Genetic factors predisposing to the development of neoplasia are a very attractive possibility, although viral factors and chance association cannot be excluded.

Adolescent↗