Biomedical subjects

P Zatloukal

Publications and source records attributed to P Zatloukal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2007

Interactions between smoking and other exposures associated with lung cancer risk in women: diet and physical activity.

UNLABELLED: The objective of the study is to estimate the differences in the impact of diet and physical exercise on lung cancer risk in female nonsmokers vs. smokers, and reveal interactions, if any. In a hospital based case-control study, data collected by in-person interviews from 569 female lung cancer cases and 2120 controls were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression stratifying by appropriate factors. Protective effects were observed for intake of milk/dairy products (OR=0.57, 95%CI 0.35-0.94), vegetables (OR=0.60, 95%CI 0.40-0.91), apples (OR=0.69), wine (OR=0.77), and physical exercise (OR=0.59, 95%CI 0.42-0.83) among smokers only, while no similar effects were found among nonsmokers. In contrast, the intake of black tea was associated with a protective effect (OR=0.66, 95%CI 0.47-0.94) among nonsmokers only. Comparing the effects of dietary items and physical activity on lung cancer risk among nonsmokers versus smokers, statistically significant effect modifications were found for black tea (P 0.005), and milk/dairy products (P 0.047). Borderline effect modifications emerged for physical exercise (P 0.077). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate protective effects of some components of healthful diet and physical exercise among smokers, and of the intake of black tea among nonsmokers. The observed interactions of the impact of black tea, milk/dairy products and physical activity upon lung cancer risk in women at different levels of the smoking habit deserve further studies.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Clinical correlations of potential activity markers in systemic sclerosis.

The objectives of the project were the following: (1) to establish a group of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (Ssc), (2) to perform a detailed entrance examination of each patient, (3) to determine concentrations of potential activity markers, and (4) to make a comprehensive examination of each patient 1 year after inclusion into the study. A total of 49 patients were examined, 36 with a limited form of SSc, 9 with diffuse SSc, and 4 with other forms of SSc. We determined plasma or serum levels of the N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III (NPIIIP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble receptor for interleukin-2 (sIL-2r), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), von Willebrand factor antigen (vWFAg), and big endothelin-1 (BET-1) using commercial kits, and urinary excretion of pyridinoline (PYR) and deoxypyridinoline (D-PYR) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Correlations of these markers with selected clinical data were calculated. The mean levels of all potential activity markers were increased compared with normal values, but differences were not significant. The levels of NPIIIP, D-PYR, and IL-6 were normal. The measured values after 1 year did not differ from the entry values. At entry, NPIIIP concentrations correlated with the finger-to-palm distance, and D-PYR corresponded with findings on a simplified health assessment questionnaire (FQ). IL-6 levels correlated with the leukocyte count, sIL-2r with the FQ, and ET-1 with the diffuse lung capacity for carbon monoxide. In general, we found only a few clinical correlates of potential activity markers. Our data confirmed the correlations of collagen metabolism markers with skin involvement and FQ, as was reported previously. Larger studies in this field are needed.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Low mutational rate of K-ras codon 12 in singular bronchoscopy specimens in suspected lung cancer.

Mutations of the K-ras gene are found in a subset of non-small- cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). The aim of our study was to determine the K-ras codon 12 mutation in the first, singular bronchoscopy specimen in parallel with the cytological examination for the diagnosis of lung cancer. Samples were obtained by diagnostic bronchoscopy in 140 patients with suspected lung tumors. The analysis of K-ras mutations was carried out by a sensitive two-step mutation- enriched polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. This method has been confirmed earlier to be positive for mutated tumor cells and negative for normal lung parenchyma and bronchus. Of the 140 patients with suspected cancer, 93 were diagnosed as NSCLC by cytology or histology in either the same specimen used for the detection of K-ras mutation or in later biopsies. However, only four K-ras codon 12 mutations were detected in the first bronchoscopic material: one in adenocarcinoma, two in squamous cell tumors, and one mutation was found in a patient with dysplasia which was diagnosed later as a squamous cell carcinoma. Our findings indicate that although the K-ras (codon 12) mutation is a gene lesion infrequently detectable in a singular specimen taken at the first bronchoscopy examination in cases of clinically suspected lung cancer, the detection of this mutation can help to confirm the cytological diagnosis of NSCLC or may be even diagnostic in cytologically negative cases.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Vinorelbine alternating oral and intravenous plus carboplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results of a multicentre phase II study.

BACKGROUND: Vinorelbine and carboplatin are both active agents in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Vinorelbine has recently been developed in an oral formulation, which is as active as the intravenous (i.v.) form. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-two chemonaive patients with unresectable localised or metastatic NSCLC received i.v. vinorelbine 25 mg/m(2) plus carboplatin (AUC 5) on day 1 and oral vinorelbine 60 mg/m(2) on day 8 (or day 15 if neutrophils <1500/mm(3)) every 3 weeks in an open-label, multicentre phase II study. RESULTS: A total of 224 cycles were given, with the median number per patient of four (range one to eight). Eight responses out of 52 enrolled patients were documented and validated by an independent panel review, yielding a response rate of 18.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.8-29.6%] in the evaluable population. This response rate was balanced by a high rate of disease control (78.9% in the intention-to treat population and 90.9% in the evaluable population). The median progression-free and median survival were 5.1 months (95% CI 4.3-8.1) and 9.3 months (95% CI 6.8-11.4), respectively. Overall, the safety profile of the combination regimen alternating i.v. and oral vinorelbine appeared similar to that expected for each individual agent. Some lung cancer-specific items (pain, dyspnoea) improved or were stabilised by assessment using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13 questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of carboplatin with an alternating regimen of i.v./oral vinorelbine is a well tolerated regimen with a low level of toxicity and a low rate of serious adverse events. A high rate of disease control (partial response + no change) was achieved. Progression-free survival and overall survival fell within the expected range. This regimen is convenient and safe for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2004

Dietary habits and lung cancer risk among non-smoking women.

A case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between diet and the risk of lung cancer among women non-smokers and to compare with women smokers in the same population. Data collected by personal interviews from 435 microscopically confirmed cases and 1710 controls were analysed using unconditional logistic regression. In addition to results for all study subjects, associations between diet and lung cancer risk were compared between two highly contrasting groups: smokers (odds ratio (OR) 7.03) and non-smokers (OR 1.00). A protective effect of frequent (daily or several times per week) black tea drinking appeared among non-smoking women (OR 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43-0.99). Among smoking women, protective effects were observed for frequent intake of milk/dairy products (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32-0.96), coffee (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.25-0.88), and wine consumption (daily or weekly OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.98; monthly OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39-0.94). Inverse associations with the risk appeared for physical exercise for smokers only, and for the body mass index both among non-smoking and smoking women. Some items of diet may contribute to variation in risk among women in the Czech Republic; their importance seems to vary in relation to their status in smoking, the dominant factor in the aetiology of lung cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Lung cancer risk among nonsmoking women in relation to diet and physical activity.

To investigate the relationship between diet, physical activity, and the risk of lung cancer among female nonsmokers, and to compare it with female smokers in the same population, we conducted a case-control study. Data collected by personal interviews from 419 cases and 1593 controls were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression. As expected, among 130 nonsmoking cases, adenocarcinoma was the predominant cell type (49.2%), followed by squamous cell (20.2%) and small cell cancers (10.5%). The corresponding figures for 289 smoking cases were 29.3%, 27.5%, and 28.2%, respectively. Excess lung cancer risk was associated with consumption of red meat among nonsmokers (OR=2.20, 95%CI 1.07--4.51). Protective effects were observed for vegetables (OR=0.61, 95%CI 0.39--0.96), apples (OR=0.67, 95%CI 0.48--0.95), milk/dairy products (OR=0.54, 95%CI 0.32--0.93), coffee (OR=0.56, 95%CI 0.34--0.91), and wine (OR=0.69, 95%CI 0.49--0.98) among smokers only, and for black tea (OR=0.67, 95%CI 0.46--0.99) among nonsmokers only. An inverse association with risk emerged for physical exercise (or sport, walking), among smokers only. Some items of diet and physical activity appear to be important factors contributing to variation in lung cancer risk among women in the Czech Republic, however, their effects in nonsmokers may differ from those in smokers.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Disseminated Nocardia asteroides infection in an immunocompetent woman following an arm injury.

A case of disseminated infection with Nocardia asteroides in a 55-year-old immunocompetent woman after mild trauma to the arm is reported. Secondary dissemination was identified in the skin, right kidney, liver, peritoneal cavity, lungs and thigh. The patient was successfully treated with surgical drainage and a 9-week course of antibiotics including cefotaxime, amikacin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) and doxycycline. The administration of TMP/SMX in combination with doxycycline was clinically beneficial despite in vitro resistance.

Arm Injuries↗

PubMed2003

Bronchial carcinoid tumors: long-term outcome after surgery.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate clinical condition and results of surgical treatment of patients with typical and atypical bronchial carcinoids. The study was based on retrospective analysis of a total of 96 patients (mean age 47.3 year, age range 21-76, 44 men and women 52), who were surgically treated for bronchial carcinoid between 1985-2001. We assessed symptomatology of the disease, type of surgical intervention, tumor histology and staging, and postoperative 5-year and 10 year survival rates. The main sign of disease was respiratory inflammation. The carcinoid syndrome was not found in any patient. Most patients (n=68) were operated for central form of the tumor. The micromorphological tumor diagnosis was established prior to surgery in 76.5% patients with the central form of carcinoid. Surgical treatment included lobectomy (n=49), bronchoplastic procedure (n=14), sleeve lobectomy (n=9), atypical resection and segmentectomy (n=11), pneumonectomy (n=7) and tumor enucleation (n=5). Histological analysis revealed typical carcinoid in 77 cases (80.2%) and atypical carcinoid in 19 (19.8%). Lymph nodes (N1 and/or N2) were examined by histology in 84 patients and lymph node metastases were found in 13 (19.4%) of 67 patients with typical carcinoid and in 5 cases (29.4%) of 17 with atypical carcinoid. In the postoperative period on patient died from embolism to the arteria pulmonalis. Postoperative complications (atelectasis, prolonged air leak, bronchopleural fistula) were observed in 11.4% of patients. Tumor relapse occurred only in two patients with typical carcinoid. Postoperative 5-year and 10-year rates amounted to 98.6% and 87.3%, respectively, in typical carcinoid 94.5% and 73.5% in atypical carcinoid. The survival rates of patients with typical and atypical bronchial carcinoids were not significantly different (p>0.05). The surgical management is the treatment of choice in bronchial carcinoids. Results of this study indicate that the 5-year survival in patients with either histological type of bronchial carcinoid is excellent and the prognosis of operated patients is very good even in the case of regional lymph nodes infiltration by the tumors.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Resection of the trachea for cicatrical stenosis].

UNLABELLED: Tracheal stenosis represents a serious complication of tracheostomy or of endotracheal intubation. The objective of this article was to evaluate the results of resective therapy of patients with tracheal stenosis. METHODS: In 41 patients treated by tracheal resection for tracheal stenosis the diagnosis was established by bronchoscopy, tracheal tomography or CT. The following parameters were evaluated: the reasons for artificial pulmonary ventilation, basic parameters of stenosis (site of stenosis, length, diameter), the relationship between the duration of cannulation and asymptomatic interval, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The most frequent reason for cannulation was trauma (n = 23), most patients were cannulated for 4-5 weeks (n = 16), the symptoms of stenosis appeared mostly within 4-5 weeks (n = 11) after decannulation. The asymptomatic interval was longer in patients with longer periods of cannulation (p < 0.01) than in patients with a shorter cannulation period. The most frequent site of stenoses was the medium third of the trachea (n = 22). The longest resected section measured 60 mm. In 3 patients (7.3 %) a tracheoesophageal fistula was found together with the stenosis. In 3 patients (7.3 %) restenosis appeared. Tracheocutaneous fistula with osteomyelitis of the sternum developed in one patient. Granulation tissue on the anastomosis site (n = 4, 9.7 %) was treated by laser or disappeared spontaneously. None of the patients died within 30 days after operation. CONCLUSION: Resection is the optimum therapeutic method for tracheal stenosis with low postoperative mortality and a small number of postoperative complications. Successful tracheal resection is a definitive solution in comparison with stent placement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

A multicenter randomized phase II study of oral vs. intravenous vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

PURPOSE: A randomized phase II trial of oral vs. intravenous (i.v.) vinorelbine was designed to determine the efficacy and safety of oral vinorelbine with an intrapatient dose escalation in previously untreated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between December 1997 and April 1999, 115 patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC were randomized (2 to 1) to receive either oral vinorelbine at a dose of 60 mg/m2/week for the first three administrations and then increased to 80 mg/m2/week in the absence of severe neutropenia, or i.v. vinorelbine at 30 mg/m2/week. RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen patients (76 in the oral arm and 38 in the i.v. arm) were treated. Ninety-eight patients (86%) were eligible and assessable. The two treatment arms were well-balanced for demographic and prognostic features. After external panel review, the response rates in evaluable patients were 14%, in the oral arm and 12% in the i.v. arm. The median progression-free survival with oral and i.v. vinorelbine was 3.2 months and 2.1 months, respectively, and the median survival 9.3 and 7.9 months, respectively. The most common hematological toxicity was neutropenia, which was severe (grade 3-4) in 46% of patients and for 7% of administrations in the oral arm, and in 62% of patients and for 25% of administrations in the i.v. arm. Non-hematological toxicities including nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, diarrhea .and constipation were generally mild to moderate. CONCLUSION: The activity of oral and i.v. vinorelbine in advanced NSCLC appears to be comparable. The safety profiles of both formulations look qualitatively similar. Oral vinorelbine can therefore be considered a good alternative to i.v. administration.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2001

Management of inoperable carcinoma of the breast by curative radiotherapy and chemo-hormonotherapy.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate local control and its relation to survival in patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with curative irradiation and systemic therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 240 patients with unresectable breast cancer were treated with curative radio- and chemo- or hormonotherapy from 1990-1995. The frequency of distant dissemination and the overall survival of patients with and without complete local control were compared. RESULTS: Complete local control was achieved in 63% of patients. Complete local control correlated with decrease of distant metastases and increase of survival in comparison with patients without complete local control. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy without surgery provides insufficient local control in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Complete local control is an important factor for prevention of distant dissemination and for survival.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Diet and the risk of lung cancer among women. A hospital-based case-control study.

Variation in diet has been suspected to be one of cofactors related to geographic variation in lung cancer risk, namely for women, or other population groups with a low exposure to cigarette smoking. The study has been designed to obtain more insight into possible associations between diet and lung cancer risk among women in a country with a Central European socioeconomic background. In a hospital-based case-control study personal interviews of 282 female lung cancer cases and 1120 female controls were done using a structured standard questionnaire. Cigarette smoking was the most important factor associated with excess risk for lung cancer among women. Significantly increased risk was found both among current smokers (OR = 9.22), and ex-smokers (OR = 7.11). Positive dose-response gradients (p < 0.001) were observed between lung cancer risk and the daily number of cigarettes, duration of smoking, and number of pack-years. For squamous-, small- and large-cell cancers combined, significant associations of lung cancer risk with the consumption of red meat and poultry (OR = 2.33, and OR = 8.67, respectively), and an inverse association with the consumption of vegetables (OR = 0.55) were found. No such variations in risk were observed for adenocarcinoma, including the bronchioalveolar cancer type. For all lung cancer types combined, coffee drinking showed a significant inverse association with lung cancer risk risk (OR = 0.66). While smoking is the major risk for lung cancer, diet may have a contributory role. Variations in the intake of some components of diet, namely red meat, poultry, vegetables, and coffee may contribute to understanding variations in the risk of lung cancer among Czech women.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2001

[Puncture biopsy of peripheral lymph nodes and subcutaneous masses].

Ninety-one consecutive patients with known diagnosis of lung cancer or clinically suspicious malignant tumour underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy of enlarged peripheral lymph nodes or subcutaneous nodular lesions. There were performed 105 fine needle biopsies. Cytological findings of diagnostic value were found out in 56 (53.3%) of cases. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of peripheral lymph nodes and subcutaneous lesions is a simple and valuable method for staging and in some cases for diagnosis of lung tumours.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed2000

Czech Study on Lung Cancer Screening: post-trial follow-up of lung cancer deaths up to year 15 since enrollment.

BACKGROUND: The study was launched in the mid-1970s to explore the capability of screening by chest X-ray and sputum cytology to be used as an effective component of the lung cancer control program in the Czech Republic, a Central European country with a high and increasing occurrence of lung cancer in men at that time. A complementary objective of this report is to ascertain whether the cumulative numbers of lung cancer deaths would equalize in the two randomized groups during a prolonged follow-up period. METHODS: Six thousand three hundred sixty-four males who were heavy cigarette smokers, aged 40-64 years, were enrolled during a general health survey in 6 districts of the Czech Republic. At initial X-ray and sputum examination, 19 prevalent lung carcinoma cases were diagnosed. After stratified randomization, the remaining subjects entered a 3-year study: the intervention group (3171 participants) was subjected to semiannual chest X-rays and sputum investigation whereas the controls (3174 participants) had 1 examination only by chest X-rays and sputum investigation, 3 years after entry. During a further 3-year follow-up, a chest X-ray was taken at the end of Years 4, 5, and 6 for both the intervention and control groups. Subjects in both groups who were suspected to have lung carcinoma or other disease on the basis of screening results or symptoms were subjected to appropriate diagnostic studies and treatment. Data on all causes of death in Years 1-6 and on deaths from the lung cancer in Years 7-15 of participants in the intervention and control groups were compared. RESULTS: The incidence rate of lung carcinoma from the intervention group was significantly higher than from the controls in the initial 3-year study period (P < 0.05), but not for the initial 6-year period (P = 0.06). Lung carcinoma cases detected by screening were identified at an earlier stage, were more often resectable, and had a significantly better survival than interval cases diagnosed mainly because of symptoms. There was no significant difference in the lung cancer mortality rate between the 2 groups in the initial 3-year study period or during follow-up prolonged up to Year 15 since enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: The study gave no evidence that screening for lung cancer by chest X-ray is beneficial in terms of reducing mortality. Based on the results of this study, there is no justification to recommend semiannual screening as a component of a comprehensive lung cancer control program.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Cytologic diagnosis of pulmonary cancer in the Czech Republic].

BACKGROUND: Cytological diagnostic of the lung cancer belongs to routine examinations. The aim of our study was to describe the development of the method in the Czech Republic during the last 20 years, and to evaluate the contribution of clinical cytologist and pathologists in this diagnostical method of the bronchogenic carcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS: 61 stations of bronchology in the Czech Republic were requested (interrogatory method), evaluable responses were obtained from 58 stations (95.0%). Samples for micromorphological examination were send to laboratories of clinical cytology (20) or pathology (23). Samples from 15 stations are send to both departments. From the total of 91,477 of evaluated samples 64,404 were examined at departments of clinical cytology (70.4%) and 27,073 at departments of pathology (29.6%). Results from departments of clinical cytology arrive earlier (in average after 2.3 days) than from pathologies (4.9 days). Out of 4547 micro-morphologically proved lung carcinomas, 3913 (86%) were diagnosed at departments of clinical cytology and 634 (14%) at departments of pathology. CONCLUSIONS: At present, 70% of the micromorphological diagnostics is being done at laboratories of clinical cytology, 30% at departments of pathology. 86% of diagnoses of the bronchogenic cancer verified micro-morphologically come from laboratories of clinical cytology, 14% from departments of pathology.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗

PubMed2000

Gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has increased greatly in the past few years. While cytotoxic drugs are currently used both as single agents and in combination for palliation in locally advanced and metastatic disease, they have also been incorporated into multi-modality treatment strategies of Stage I to Stage III NSCLC. One of the main reasons for the increased acceptance of chemotherapy is the development of new substances. Among the most promising of these new drugs is the antimetabolite gemcitabine. Several single-arm gemcitabine Phase II studies involving more than 400 patients show validated response rates in more than 20% of the patients. These positive results have also been confirmed in randomized Phase II studies. Gemcitabine's unique mechanism of action, its lack of overlapping toxicity with other agents, and its favorable toxicity profile also define it as an ideal candidate for combination therapy. The activity seen with single-agent gemcitabine therapy can be compared with that of cisplatin-etoposide combination therapy. Gemcitabine-cisplatin combination response rates range from 31% to 54%, with a median survival time between 8.4 and 15.4 months and a 1-year survival rate between 30% and 59%. In addition to the clinical research of gemcitabine-cisplatin combinations, gemcitabine has also been tested in various double and triple combinations with carboplatin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinorelbine, and ifosfamide. Investigations combining gemcitabine with radiation therapy are on-going. The following review will summarize results from representative Phase I/II and III studies using gemcitabine for NSCLC patients.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[Trends in lung cancer mortality in the Czech Republic 1950-1995 and predictions up to the year 2009].

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with considerable geographical variation. In the Czech Republic, the male population experienced the highest lung cancer mortality rates in the mid-80s, ranking with the top mortality rates in Europe. Since that time, notable changes in time trends, widely different for men and women, were observed. The objective of the work is to analyze the trends in lung cancer mortality in the Czech Republic over the last 45 years, to estimate the prediction of the trends for the next decade, and consider the results of some recent surveys informing on the smoking patterns of the Czech population. METHODS AND RESULTS: Standardized mortality from lung cancer in Czech men increased from 22.3/100,000 in 1950 to 79.8 in 1986, and decreased to 69.7 in 1995 (world standard). In the female population: 4.3/100,000 in 1950, 8.5 in 1986, and 11.6 in 1995, respectively. Using a log-linear Poisson regression model, a decrease to 68.0/100,000 for men, and an increase to 16.1 for women by the end of the next decade has been predicted. Some decreases in the age-specific lung cancer mortality rates were observed in young adult men, and, for the next decade, similar trends have been predicted for middle-aged men. In the female population, the trends have been rising in all age groups. There was an increase in the cigarette consumption in the Czech Republic from 1731 cigarettes per 1 inhabitant aged 15 years and older in 1953 to 2552 cigarettes in 1978, and a subsequent decrease to 2279 cigarettes in 1989. The prevalence of smoking in six Czech districts participating in the MONICA project (25) had a downward trend in men aged 25-64 years during the period 1985-1992, whereas no significant changes in smoking prevalence were observed for women. CONCLUSIONS: In the recent phase of the lung cancer epidemic in the Czech Republic, a turn for the better has been taken in men: a decreasing trend in standardized lung cancer mortality was observed since the late 1980s, and its continuation up to 2009 has been predicted (on the average, by -0.7% annually). Conversely, in the female population, further increases in lung cancer mortality can be expected for the next decade (by 3.1% annually). Consequently, a comprehensive control of smoking in women appears to be a priority in lung cancer prevention. Moreover, further studies in the role of potential cofactors affecting the incidence of lung cancer in women deserve attention.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Non-small cell lung cancer: report on the 5th central European lung cancer conference.

Organized by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), the European Lung Cancer Working Party, and with the support of several learned Czech societies, the 5th central European lung cancer conference was held in Prague from September 13th to 16th. Over 500 participants from different disciplines (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, chest medicine) attended the meeting, which was once again shown to be an important forum for interchanges. The various specialists involved in the management of lung cancer patients were able to discuss recent progress, problems to be resolved, and prospects for the future. The present article is designed to report the main communications relating to the most frequent type of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Antineoplastic Agents↗