Otitis media and the epidemiologic triangle.
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Alaska↗
Biomedical subjects
Pamela Orr
Publications and source records attributed to Pamela Orr.
Mortality in the Kivalliq Region of Nunavut, 1987-1996.
INTRODUCTION: The Kivalliq region of Nunavut, Canada, had a 1996 population of 7,131, of which 87% were Inuit. An attempt was made to characterize patterns of mortality in the region. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive regional mortality study, based on 10-year retrospective review of health records data. METHODS: All deaths and stillbirths of Kivalliq residents during the study period were identified. Available health records data were reviewed for each death, including medical charts, death certificates and coroner's reports where applicable. Age-standardized mortality rates, both overall and cause-specific, were calculated and compared to both Canadian national rates and territorial rates from the same time period. RESULTS: The infant mortality rate was 32.3/1,000 live births, five times Canada's rate. Leading causes of infant deaths were prematurity and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). The overall mortality rate was 1.8 times that of Canada, with leading causes of death being cancers (especially lung cancer), circulatory disease, respiratory disease, unintentional injury and suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Identified areas of concern included mortality due to premature birth, SIDS, unintentional injuries, suicides, respiratory disease and lung cancer. It is hoped that this study's results will assist territorial leaders, health workers and citizens in health planning activities.
Death Certificates↗
Experiences of sexual violence and relocation in the lives of HIV infected Canadian women.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role, if any, that violence and physical relocation may play in the acquisition of HIV infection in Canadian women. STUDY DESIGN: The present study is qualitative. METHODS: Using in-depth open-ended interviews conducted among HIV-positive women volunteers as a method. RESULTS: Twenty women were interviewed. Eighteen of the 20 were of aboriginal (First Nations) ethnicity. All participants reported experiences of isolation and violence in childhood (sexual abuse, domestic violence, emotional abuse). Half of those who experienced childhood sexual abuse reported being afraid to disclose the events to adults at the time due to fear of reprisal and/or shame. The majority reported running away from home to escape violence, with subsequent involvement in the sex trade and drug abuse as economic and emotional survival/coping strategies. Half reported previous incarceration in jail. The majority reported that they currently looked to community social programs for guidance and support. CONCLUSION: Early intervention programs must be implemented in partnership with communities to reduce family violence and create support networks for children, youth and adults at risk.
Adult↗