Biomedical subjects

Pascale Mauriège

Publications and source records attributed to Pascale Mauriège.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Greater than predicted decrease in energy expenditure during exercise after body weight loss in obese men.

This study was performed retrospectively to investigate whether exercise energy expenditure (EE) measured during a standardized treadmill protocol (4.5 km/h at 0% grade) falls below predicted values after body weight loss in obese men. A reference equation was established to predict net exercise EE in a control sample of 83 obese individuals (27 kg/m(2)< or = body mass index <45 kg/m(2)), using age, fat mass and fat-free mass as independent variables. This equation was then used to predict net exercise EE in another group of 11 obese men before and after a 15-week drug-based weight loss programme that was coupled with energy restriction [-2929 kJ/day (-700 kcal/day)]. Body weight and body composition were determined by hydrodensitometry. Net exercise EE, insulin, leptin, 3,3',5-tri-iodothyronine and free thyroxine were measured after an overnight fast at baseline and 2-4 weeks after the end of the programme, when subjects were weight stable. Body weight was significantly reduced (-11%; P <0.01) at the end of the weight loss programme. At baseline, measured net exercise EE was similar to that predicted from the regression equation [19.6 and 19.8 kJ/min (4.69 and 4.74 kcal/min) respectively; not significant]. However, after the end of the intervention, measured net exercise EE was significantly below the predicted value [15.5 and 17.3 kJ/min (3.71 and 4.14 kcal/min) respectively; P <0.01]. The difference between the predicted and the measured fall in net exercise EE was significantly associated with changes in leptin concentration ( r =0.79, P <0.01), even after correction for changes in fat mass and insulin. These observations suggest that net exercise EE falls below predicted values after body weight loss. In addition, this greater than predicted decrease in net exercise EE was associated with changes in leptin.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Prevalence of metabolic alterations predictive of cardiovascular disease risk in the Québec population.

BACKGROUND: It is well established that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in North America and in industrialized countries. Furthermore, the presence of CVD risk factors is widespread in Canada, and two-thirds of adult Canadians present at least one traditional risk factor for CVD. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the prevalence of metabolic alterations predictive of an increased risk of CVD in a representative sample of the Québec population. METHODS: A representative sample of the Québec population was obtained through the Québec Health Survey 1990. The cohort of 1844 subjects (907 men and 937 women), aged from 18 to 74 years, completed the evaluation, which consisted of interviews, validated questionnaires for personal and family history of CVD risk factors, and a physical examination. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting plasma lipoprotein-lipid levels as well as fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were obtained. RESULTS: Thirty one per cent of the Québec population had a normal body weight defined by body mass index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m2 with a healthy metabolic profile (glycemia less than 6.1 mmol/L, total cholesterol less than 5.2 mmol/L, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol less than 3.4 mmol/L, triglycerides less than 2.3 mmol/L and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol greater than 0.90 mmol/L). On the other hand, 28% of the population was treated for known metabolic chronic diseases (CVD, diabetes, dyslipidemias and hypertension), whereas the remaining 33% of the Québec population (BMI greater than 25 kg/m2) were characterized by an altered metabolic profile predictive of an increased CVD risk. Furthermore, 75% of men and 70% of women with an altered metabolic profile presented at least two CVD risk factors. Overall, women tended to display a significantly healthier metabolic risk profile than men (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, only 31% of the Québec population is nonobese without major alterations in their metabolic risk profile. Indeed, 61% of Quebecers are either characterized by chronic diseases or by an altered metabolic profile increasing their risk for the development of CVD and type 2 diabetes. Such a high prevalence should be a source of concern justifying the development of simple screening tools for early identification of the asymptomatic carriers of this cluster of metabolic abnormalities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Plasma free fatty acid levels and the risk of ischemic heart disease in men: prospective results from the Québec Cardiovascular Study.

Insulin resistance, through numerous related disturbances in glucose and lipoprotein-lipid metabolism, is associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between increased plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations, as a feature of the insulin resistance syndrome, and the risk of IHD in men. Analyses were carried out in a nested, case-control sample of men selected from a population of 2103 individuals without IHD at baseline among whom 114 developed IHD during a 5-year follow-up period. Incident IHD cases were matched with controls for age, body mass index, smoking habits and alcohol intake. Analyses were performed while excluding (88 cases and 98 controls) and including (103 cases and 99 controls) patients with type 2 diabetes. Among non-diabetic individuals, elevated plasma FFA concentrations (3rd tertile of the distribution) yielded a twofold increase in the risk of IHD (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, P=0.05) compared with lower plasma FFA levels (lowest tertile) after adjusting for non-lipid risk factors. Further adjustment for insulin, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, HDL cholesterol and small dense LDL attenuated significantly the relationship between plasma FFA concentrations and the risk of IHD. High plasma FFA levels showed no synergism with selected features of the insulin resistance syndrome in determining the risk of IHD. Inclusion of diabetic subjects in the study did not improve FFA independent prognostic value to the risk of IHD. These results suggest that elevated plasma FFA concentrations are associated with an increased risk of IHD. However, a single fasting measurement of plasma FFA levels does not appear to improve our ability to predict IHD onset in men when information on other risk factors is considered.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Plasma leptin response to an epinephrine infusion in lean and obese women.

OBJECTIVE: Because leptin production by adipose tissue is under hormonal control, we examined the impact of epinephrine administration on plasma leptin concentrations. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We measured plasma leptin, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) responses after a 60-minute epinephrine infusion (0.010 microg/kg fat free mass/min) followed by a 30-minute recovery period (no infusion) in a group of 11 lean (mean body mass index +/- SD: 22.6 +/- 1.1 kg/m(2)) and 15 obese (30.0 +/- 1.3 kg/m(2)) premenopausal women. Leptin, insulin, and FFA levels were measured in plasma before (-15 and 0 minutes) and at every 30 minutes over the 90-minute period. RESULTS: In both lean and obese individuals, plasma leptin was significantly reduced by epinephrine (p < 0.0001). Body fat mass was associated with fasting leptin levels (r = 0.64, p < 0.0005) as well as with the decrease in leptinemia (r = -0.51, p < 0.01) produced by epinephrine administration. Furthermore, we noted a large range of leptin response to epinephrine among our subjects, especially in obese women (from -12 to -570 ng/mL per 60 minutes). However, there was no association between postepinephrine leptin and FFA levels (r = -0.14, p = 0.55). DISCUSSION: Results of this study indicate that leptin levels decrease after epinephrine administration in both lean and obese premenopausal women. However, the heterogeneity in the response of leptin to catecholamines suggests potential alterations of the leptin axis that may contribute to generate a positive energy balance and, thus, may favor weight gain in some obese individuals.

Adrenergic Agonists↗

PubMed2002

Prevalence of 'hypertriglyceridemic waist' in men who participated in the Quebec Health Survey: association with atherogenic and diabetogenic metabolic risk factors.

BACKGROUND: A triad of metabolic markers (high insulin and apolipoprotein B levels, and small, dense, low density lipoprotein particles) is associated with a substantially increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in men. Also, the simultaneous presence of an elevated waist circumference (90 cm or greater) and moderate hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride concentration 2.0 mmol/L or higher) in men has been shown to be associated with this atherogenic metabolic triad, with a probability of more than 80%. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the prevalence of the 'hypertriglyceridemic waist' phenotype in a sample of adult men and to compare the metabolic risk profile of nondiabetic men with hypertriglyceridemic waist with the CAD risk profile of patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The sample of people who participated in the Quebec Health Survey was used to obtain representative data on the prevalence and distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Quebec population. Fasting plasma lipoprotein-lipid, insulin and glucose concentrations were measured, and anthropometric measurements were taken in a sample of 907 men. RESULTS: Among men who participated in the Quebec Health Survey, 19% had an elevated waist circumference (90 cm or greater) plus elevated triglyceride levels (2.0 mmol/L or higher). Men with this hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype were characterized by the highest values for fasting plasma insulin, and the highest total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios. They also displayed a metabolic risk profile that was deteriorated to the same extent as that of men with diabetes who had participated in the survey. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the the present study of men who participated in the Quebec Health Survey provide further evidence that the simultaneous measurement and interpretation of waist circumference and fasting triglyceride concentrations may improve the physician's ability to identify abdominally obese men with atherogenic and diabetogenic profiles. Furthermore, this high risk clinical phenotype is highly prevalent (about 20%) among adult men.

Abdomen↗