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Patricia Casey

Publications and source records attributed to Patricia Casey.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The role of personality disorder in 'difficult to reach' patients with depression: findings from the ODIN study.

Individuals with personality disorders (especially paranoid personality disorder) tend to be reluctant to engage in treatment. This paper aimed to elucidate the role of personality disorder in predicting engagement with psychological treatment for depression. The Outcomes of Depression International Network (ODIN) involves six urban and three rural study sites throughout Europe at which cases of depression were identified through a two-stage community survey. One patient in seven who was offered psychological treatment for depression had a comorbid diagnosis of personality disorder (most commonly paranoid personality disorder). Forty-five percent of patients who were offered psychological treatment for depression did not complete treatment. The odds of completion were higher for patients with a comorbid diagnosis of personality disorder, especially paranoid, anxious or dependent personality disorder. The relatively low number of cases with some specific personality disorders (e.g. schizoid personality disorder) limited the study's power to reach conclusions about these specific disorders. This study focused on a community-based sample which may lead to apparently lower rates of engagement when compared to studies based on treatment-seeking populations. Episodes of depression in the context of personality disorder may represent a valuable opportunity to engage with patients who might otherwise resist engagement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Negative life events, social support and gender difference in depression: a multinational community survey with data from the ODIN study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore if differences in negative life events, vulnerability and social support may explain the gender difference in depression. METHODS: Cross-sectional, multinational, community survey from five European countries (n = 8,787). Depression is measured by Beck Depression Inventory, whereas negative life events and social support are measured by various questionnaires. RESULTS: Women report slightly more negative life events than men do, mainly related to the social network, but more social support in general and in connection with reported life events. This trend is the same in all participating countries except Spain, where there is no gender difference in the reported support. In general, women are not more vulnerable to negative life events than men are. However, women with no social support, who are exposed to life events, are more vulnerable than men without support. CONCLUSION: The higher rate of depression in women is not explained by gender differences in negative life events, social support or vulnerability.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Can adjustment disorder and depressive episode be distinguished? Results from ODIN.

BACKGROUND: No large-scale epidemiological study has included adjustment disorders (AD) for consideration yet it is considered to be a common psychiatric diagnosis. METHODS: Using a two stage screening method, those above a threshold score for possible caseness on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), were interviewed using SCAN to identify those with depressive episode and AD. Variables that might distinguish AD from depressive episode were examined. RESULTS: The prevalence of AD was extremely low with one centre having no cases. Finland, the country with the highest prevalence, only achieved a frequency of 0.8% and 1%, respectively, for urban and rural sites. Logistic regression failed to identify any variables that independently differentiated AD from depressive episode. Findings relating to severity of symptoms using BDI were robust. LIMITATIONS: The small sample size might have contributed to a failure to identify distinguishing features between AD and other disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Reasons for the failure of even robust results, such as BDI severity, to distinguish AD from depressive episode are considered of which problems in conceptualising AD are the most likely. Further studies are required.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2006

Health service use by adults with depression: community survey in five European countries. Evidence from the ODIN study.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about patterns of healthcare use by people with depression in Europe. AIMS: To examine the use and cost of services by adults with depressive or adjustment disorders in five European countries, and predictive factors. METHOD: People aged 18-65 years with depressive or adjustment disorders (n=427) in Ireland, Finland, Norway, Spain and the UK provided information on predisposition (demographics, social support), enablement (country, urban/rural, social function) and need (symptom severity, perceived health status) for services. Outcome measures were self-reported use Client Services Receipt Interview and costs of general practice, generic, psychiatric or social services in the past 6 months. RESULTS: Less frequent use was made of generic services in Norway and psychiatric services in the UK. Severity of depression, perceived health status, social functioning and level of social support were significant predictors of use; the number of people able to provide support was positively associated with greater health service use. CONCLUSIONS: Individual participant factors provided greater explanatory power than national differences in healthcare delivery. The association between social support and service use suggests that interventions may be needed for those who lack social support.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The 'afterthought' diagnosis: rehabilitating adjustment disorders.

Although a common diagnosis, adjustment disorder has received little scientific attention, and instead the focus has been on major depression. It is likely that adjustment disorder and major depression have been conflated and the reasons for this are explored. Delineating one from the other clearly has crucial therapeutic and financial implications.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2004

Estimating depression prevalence from the Beck Depression Inventory: is season of administration a moderator?

The existence of winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and its milder population variants implies that depression estimates in a given population may tend to be higher in winter than at other times of the year. The aim of this study was therefore to test whether depression prevalence estimates based on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) are systematically moderated by season of administration. Existing information from the screening phase of a multicentre investigation of depression prevalence provided the data for the study. Repeated cross-sectional BDI data from samples in the United Kingdom (n=1299), Finland (n=1352), Norway (n=2711) and Spain (n=1246) were analysed for month- and season-of-administration effects. Whether data were measured continuously or as a dichotomous variable (BDI cutoff >/=13), there was no evidence of a systematic seasonal pattern in depression estimates across the four sites. No seasonal effects reached statistical significance at any single site, and trends in the association between winter and elevated BDI scores were positive in two sites (UK and Norway) and negative in two (Finland and Spain). Although limited by a post hoc analysis of existing data, this study provides the strongest evidence to date that season of administration is not a moderator of depression prevalence as estimated by the BDI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Personality disorder, depression and functioning: results from the ODIN study.

BACKGROUND: There is little information of the prevalence of personality disorder (PD) in those with depressive disorder in community samples; neither is there any data on the impact of PD on service utilisation or outcome in this setting. METHODS: A two stage screening study to identify cases of depressive disorder using SCAN in five European countries. Personality assessed 6 months after the diagnostic interview. Follow-up for 1 year using symptom and social function measures. RESULTS: Personality disorder is present in 22% of a community sample with depressive disorders but the range varied from 13.7% to 33.3% across countries. Cluster C formed 43% of the total. Long-term psychotropic drug use was more common in the PD group even after depression was controlled. Those with PD had higher symptom scores at the outset and, although the PD group was more likely to be cases at follow-up, this disappeared when the depression score was co-varied. Only initial social function predicted outcome at 6 and 12 months. LIMITATIONS: The use of a non-treatment seeking population may limit the application of the findings to clinical populations. CONCLUSIONS: PD is common even in a non-treatment seeking population with depressive disorder. It impacts upon outcome at 6 and 12 months but this is related to the initial severity of depressed mood. Social function is the only independent predictor of outcome and should be assessed separately.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

Urban-rural differences in the occurrence of female depressive disorder in Europe--evidence from the ODIN study.

BACKGROUND: In an earlier paper of the European multi-centre ODIN study (Ayuso-Mateos et al. 2001) we found remarkable urban preponderance in comparison to the corresponding rural site in the female prevalence of depressive disorder in the UK and Ireland. The aim of this paper is to analyse the possible reasons for this finding. METHOD: A representative sample of 12,702 people aged between 18 and 64 residing in specified urban and rural areas were screened by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depressive disorder in four European countries (Finland, Ireland, Norway and the UK). Those over cut-off (BDI score < 12) and a 5 % random sample of those under cut-off underwent diagnostic interview including the SCAN version 2.0, and completed a battery of additional research instruments. RESULTS: The estimated 1-month prevalence of depressive disorder according to ICD-10 was 9 % in the total ODIN sample. A large between-country variation was found in female urban prevalence, with Ireland (Dublin) and the UK (Liverpool) having a remarkably high rate. The women in these same countries showed a significant urban/rural difference, whereas in men and in the total sample this difference was non-significant. Logistic regression analysis including some selected risk factors of depression showed still higher risk of depressive disorder both in Dublin and Liverpool compared with the Finnish urban site (Turku), which had the lowest urban prevalence. In addition, also such factors as lack of confidant and having difficulties in getting practical help from neighbours were important predictors of depressive disorder. Similarly, when analysing the different countries separately, the significance of the urban/rural difference in women remained for Ireland and the UK, indicating that the other risk factors studied could not totally explain the difference. CONCLUSIONS: ODIN is the first European study on occurrence of depressive disorder in both urban and rural settings allowing closer analysis of the urban/rural differences. The most striking result was the large urban/rural difference in women in the two countries from the British Isles which could not be totally explained by the socio-demographic factors included in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Patterns of denial in sex offenders: a replication study.

To assess whether a robust typology of sex offenders could be established based on the patterns of denial displayed, a previously developed semistructured interview method was used to assess denial in a mixed group of convicted rapists and child molesters. Cluster analysis was used to establish homogeneous groups of sex offenders based on the pattern of denial in each case, with a three-cluster solution emerging as the most appropriate, confirming previous research. The denial groups were compared in relation to objective offense characteristics to assess whether a consistent typology of offenders emerged. Each of the four groups of offenders identified (three groups emerging from the cluster analysis and an "absolute denier" group) corresponded closely with the previously identified typology. However, the authors failed to replicate previously identified differences between the denial groups in relation to independent variables such as offense type. Each group contained both rapists and child molesters and was found to differ quantitatively rather than qualitatively in the pattern of the denial expressed, with attributional style being the most consistent form of denial present in all groups. The authors conclude that denial consists of at least two continuous dimensions, rather than being a dichotomous phenomenon. Differences in the patterns of denial displayed by rapists and child molesters were found to be primarily quantitative rather than qualitative.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

SSRI and suicide.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗