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Biomedical subjects

Patricia Daza

Publications and source records attributed to Patricia Daza.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Reaching and treating Spanish-speaking smokers through the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service. A randomized controlled trial.

Although the prevalence of smoking is lower among Hispanics than among the general population, smoking still levies a heavy public health burden on this underserved group. The current study, Adiós al Fumar (Goodbye to Smoking), was designed to increase the reach of the Spanish-language smoking cessation counseling service provided by the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service (CIS) and to evaluate the efficacy of a culturally sensitive, proactive, behavioral treatment program among Spanish-speaking smokers. Adiós was a 2-group randomized clinical trial evaluating a telephone-based smoking cessation intervention. Spanish-speaking smokers (N = 297) were randomized to receive either standard counseling or enhanced counseling (EC). Paid media was used to increase the reach of the Spanish-language smoking cessation services offered by the CIS. The Adiós sample was of very low socioeconomic status (SES), and more than 90% were immigrants. Calls to the CIS requesting smoking cessation help in Spanish increased from 0.39 calls to 17.8 calls per month. The unadjusted effect of EC only approached significance (OR = 2.4, P = .077), but became significant after controlling for demographic and tobacco-related variables (OR = 3.8, P = .048). Adiós al Fumar demonstrated that it is possible to reach, retain, and deliver an adequate dose of treatment to a very low SES population that has traditionally been viewed as difficult to reach and hard to follow. Moreover, the findings suggest that a proactive, telephone-counseling program, based on the Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence Clinical Practice Guideline and adapted to be culturally appropriate for Hispanics, is effective. Cancer 2007. (c) 2006 American Cancer Society.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Racial and ethnic differences in predictors of smoking cessation.

Racial/ethnic differences in the determinants of smoking cessation could have important treatment implications. The current study examined racial/ethnic differences in smoking cessation, prospective predictors of cessation, and whether the predictive ability of these factors differed by race/ethnicity. Participants were 709 employed adults recruited through the National Rural Electric Co-op Association or through natural gas pipeline corporations. Data were collected in 1990 and 1994. Although race/ethnicity was not predictive of abstinence, Hispanic, African American, and White smokers displayed differential on tobacco-, alcohol-, and work-related variables. These racial/ethnic differences highlight the specific factors that should be considered when providing smoking cessation treatment to specific populations. Limitations are noted.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

At-risk drinking in employed men and women.

BACKGROUND: "At-risk" drinking is associated with a variety of negative health and social consequences. However, little is known about the characteristics of at-risk drinkers or of changes in at-risk status over time. PURPOSE: The objective was to examine the correlates of at-risk drinking and the prospective predictors of maintenance or change in at-risk status. METHOD: Participants were 4,322 employed individuals assessed at baseline and 4 years later. At-risk drinking was defined as 2 or more drinks per day for men and 1 or more drinks per day for women. RESULTS: The baseline prevalence of at-risk drinking was 11%. Four percent of baseline not-at-risk individuals transitioned to at-risk drinking at follow-up, and 54% of the baseline at-risk individuals remained at-risk at follow-up. Several demographic-, work-, and tobacco-related variables differentiated at-risk groups and were prospective predictors of change in at-risk drinking status among those individuals who were not at risk at baseline. However, none of the constructs predicted change among at-risk drinkers. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that at-risk drinking is of public health concern. Eleven percent of the participants met criteria for at-risk drinking. Further, at-risk and not-at-risk drinkers differed on numerous characteristics, and their drinking may be influenced by different factors.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Smoking cessation 2: behavioral treatments.

The authors' purpose of this portion of a 3-part review of interventions for tobacco dependence is to present evidence regarding the efficacy of behavioral treatments for smoking cessation. The present review includes evidence evaluated in the Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence Clinical Practice Guideline (the Guideline) (MC Fiore, WC Bailey, SJ Cohen, et al, 2000) as well as evidence published subsequent to the Guideline. A wide range of effective behavioral treatments for smoking cessation is available. These interventions come in a variety of formats and intensities, can be used by all types of clinicians in a variety of settings, and are appropriate for different types of smokers. The authors have organized recommendations in 2 broad domains that account for much of the variability across behavioral interventions, treatment content, and structure. Finally, the authors discuss key directions for future research.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2005

Understanding the associations among education, employment characteristics, and smoking.

The current study examined the association between education level and smoking status in a community-based sample of working adults. Participants were enrolled at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center site of a cancer risk behavior reduction intervention delivered at the worksite. There was a strong educational gradient in smoking status. The prevalence of current smoking was almost threefold higher among individuals with <HS degree than among individuals with at least a college degree (37% versus 14%), while the percentage of never smokers among individuals with <HS degree was less than half that of individuals with at least a college degree (29% versus 60%). The educational gradient in smoking status was extremely robust and education uniquely contributed to the prediction of smoking status over and above the effects of demographics, job status, and job related characteristics. Identifying the mechanisms underlying this association as well as high risk subgroups of individuals with low education could contribute to reducing the educational gradient in smoking status and warrants further research attention.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

What accounts for the association of education and smoking cessation?

BACKGROUND: Education has been identified as a potent sociodemographic predictor of smoking cessation and the Healthy People 2010 goals include the elimination of health disparities attributable to education. METHOD: The current study prospectively examined the association of education with smoking cessation as well variables that might account for that association among employed adults residing in the southeastern United States. RESULTS: A strong educational gradient in cessation was evident. Only 6% of smokers with less than a high school (HS) degree quit smoking during the 4-year study period, whereas 17% of smokers with a HS degree but no college degree and 28% of smokers with at least a college degree quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Education appeared to uniquely contribute to the prediction of smoking abstinence over and above the effects of demographic, environmental, tobacco dependence, transtheoretical model, and job-related variables. Obtaining a better understanding of how or why education influences smoking cessation could contribute to reducing the educational gradient in abstinence and warrants further research attention.

Adult↗