Biomedical subjects

Patricia J Deldin

Publications and source records attributed to Patricia J Deldin.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

A preliminary study of sleep-disordered breathing in major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Individuals with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (OSDB) commonly report symptoms of depression; however, the percentage of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) who experience OSDB is less clear. This study aimed to examine OSDB in a sample of individuals with MDD, unselected for sleep-related complaints, along a continuum of ventilatory and hypoxic abnormalities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The overnight sleep-related breathing of 19 individuals with MDD and 15 non-depressed controls was recorded using an unattended nasal pressure-based home sleep monitoring device. The device recorded nasal airflow, breathing effort, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body position. RESULTS: The two groups varied significantly on three sleep-related breathing variables: major flow-limitation events, major flow-limitation events accompanied by a desaturation, and average saturation throughout the evening; and these groups approached significance on minor flow-limitation events accompanied by a desaturation and average number of desaturations throughout the evening. Sleep-related breathing variables predicted accurate grouping in 81.3% of those with MDD and 80.6% of the non-depressed participants. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that OSDB may play a more important role in MDD than previously recognized. OSDB may contribute to or exacerbate the condition of someone predisposed to MDD, and the treatment of OSDB may ameliorate or possibly prevent depressive symptoms.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Reduced sustained brain activity during processing of positive emotional stimuli in major depression.

BACKGROUND: This study examines the directionality and temporal specificity of brain activity during sustained processing of emotional stimuli in individuals with current major depressive disorder (MDD) and nondepressed control participants. METHODS: Slow wave (SW) components of the event-related brain potential (ERP) were recorded from 16 control participants and 15 participants with MDD during a working memory task. During the task, individuals were shown a positive, neutral, or negative word and were asked to maintain it in memory for 5 sec. Participants then saw a letter and had to decide whether it was a part of the previously presented word. The ERP components were measured from nine scalp sites (F3, Fz, F4, C3, Cz, C4, P3, Pz, P4) during the encoding of emotional words. RESULTS: Compared with control individuals, MDD participants exhibited decreased brain responses to positive relative to negative or neutral stimuli. This decrease in brain activity during processing of positive information was evident across all sites and SW components. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that cognitive deficits in MDD may stem from diminished brain responses during processing of positive information and may not be associated with an augmented response to negative stimuli.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2005

Cognitive restructuring and EEG in major depression.

Techniques based on cognitive therapy and electroencephalography (EEG) were used to investigate the predictive utility of EEG alpha power with regard to mood improvement. Controls and individuals with major depression participated in four EEG recording blocks. Blocks 1 and 4 were resting baselines. During Block 2, Ss were asked to think about their "most troubling life difficulty." Next, Ss were introduced to cognitive views of depression and techniques used in cognitive therapy. For Block 3, Ss were asked to use these methods to think again about their life difficulty. Ss who reported greater post- than pre-intervention happiness (i.e., "Responders") exhibited greater overall cortical activity than Non-responders. Depressed Responders further exhibited a cortical asymmetry of greater right relative to left activity in frontal areas. The predictive utility of EEG is discussed with regard to identifying individuals who show mood improvement following cognitive restructuring.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Memory of faces: a slow wave ERP study of major depression.

This study examined slow wave (SW) event-related brain potential (ERP) amplitudes in response to happy, neutral, and sad faces during a working memory task to further identify the associated component processes and physiological changes of mood-congruent memory biases in individuals with and without major depression. The results suggest that individuals with and without a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) differentially maintain valenced facial information in their working memory. Specifically, the nondepressed individuals displayed a marked reduction in SW amplitude to the negative faces. Individuals with MDD exhibited equivalent SW amplitudes for positive and negative facial stimuli. Results are discussed in terms of avoidance coping, previous ERP studies of working memory, and facial recognition deficits in individuals with MDD.

Adult↗