Biomedical subjects

Patricia Klaas

Publications and source records attributed to Patricia Klaas.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Auditory temporal processing in children with specific reading disability with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The auditory temporal deficit hypothesis predicts that children with specific reading disability (RD) will exhibit a deficit in the perception of auditory temporal cues in nonspeech stimuli. Tasks assessing perception of auditory temporal and nontemporal cues were administered to children with (a) RD without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (RD/no-ADHD, n = 40), (b) ADHD alone (ADHD/no-RD, n = 33), (c) RD and ADHD (RD/ADHD, n = 36), and (d) no impairment (NI, n = 41). The presence of RD was associated with a specific deficit in detection of a tone onset time asynchrony, but no reduction in performance on other tasks assessing perception of temporal or nontemporal acoustic cues. The presence of ADHD was associated with a general reduction in performance across tasks. The pattern of results did not indicate a pervasive deficit in auditory temporal function in children with RD, but did suggest a possible sensitivity to backward masking in this group. Results also indicated that the comorbid presence of ADHD is a significant factor in the performance of children with RD on psychoacoustic tasks.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMed2002

Perception of speech and nonspeech stimuli by children with and without reading disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The auditory temporal deficit hypothesis predicts that children with reading disability (RD) will exhibit deficits in the perception of speech and nonspeech acoustic stimuli in discrimination and temporal ordering tasks when the interstimulus interval (ISI) is short. Initial studies testing this hypothesis did not account for the potential presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Temporal order judgment and discrimination tasks were administered to children with (1) RD/no-ADHD (n=38), (2) ADHD (n=29), (3) RD and ADHD (RD/ADHD; n=32), and (4) no impairment (NI; n=43). Contrary to predictions, children with RD showed no specific sensitivity to ISI and performed worse relative to children without RD on speech but not nonspeech tasks. Relationships between perceptual tasks and phonological processing measures were stronger and more consistent for speech than nonspeech stimuli. These results were independent of the presence of ADHD and suggest that children with RD have a deficit in phoneme perception that correlates with reading and phonological processing ability. (c) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Dissociation of sensitivity and response bias in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder during central auditory masking.

Forty-three children (ages 7.0-14.5 years old) with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), combined type had thresholds for detection of a 500-Hz pure tone estimated with and without a noise masker in the contralateral ear. The ear receiving the signal in the masked condition was varied randomly. A single-interval maximum-likelihood method estimated thresholds and false-alarm rate. Whereas the increase in threshold in children with ADHD in the presence of contralateral masking was comparable with controls, the increase in false-alarm rate was significantly greater. This dissociation between changes in sensitivity and response bias in the presence of masking noise supports suggestions that children with ADHD have difficulty inhibiting maladaptive responses and indicates that this deficit is quantifiable using psychoacoustic methods.

Adolescent↗