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Biomedical subjects

Paul B Hofmann

Publications and source records attributed to Paul B Hofmann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

HIV prevention before HAART in sub-Saharan Africa.

Data on the cost-effectiveness of HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa and on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) indicate that prevention is at least 28 times more cost effective than HAART. We aim to show that funding HAART at the expense of prevention means greater loss of life. To maximise health benefits, the next major increments of HIV funding in sub-Saharan Africa should be devoted mainly to prevention and to some non-HAART treatment and care. Funds should be allocated to HAART primarily for demonstration projects that will help prepare for scaled-up HAART provision following broad population coverage by prevention programmes. UNAIDS and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine recently estimated that at least US $9.2 billion annually is required to mount an appropriate response to the HIV pandemic, including substantial funding for HAART. To date, US $1.96 billion has been committed to the newly-established UN Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. It is a moral imperative that expanded programmes to control HIV be implemented without delay, and that the goal of US $9.2 billion or more in annual spending be attained as rapidly as possible. The findings and recommendations of this analysis pertain to the phasing in of additional HIV-related activities during the current period of improved but inadequate funding.

Africa South of the Sahara↗
PubMed2002

Morally managing executive mistakes.

Medical errors have been the subject of extensive discussion for many years. In contrast, management mistakes have not received the same scrutiny. Why is this true, and what are some of the factors contributing to management mistakes? What constitutes a mistake or error? How do mistakes in management compare with those in medicine? When and how should mistakes be disclosed? What are appropriate options for dealing with them productively and ethically? How can the incidence of mistakes be reduced? This article is intended to stimulate discussion about a critical topic--one that has received inadequate attention by both healthcare administration and the field of organizational ethics--with important implications for improving executive and organizational performance.

Conflict of Interest↗
PubMed1992

Decisions near the end of life: resource allocation implications for hospitals.

CONCLUSION: At a time when hospitals are having predictable difficulty accommodating infinite expectations with finite resources, there are still some observers who abhor even the possibility that the cost and volume of hospital services to the terminally ill be scrutinized. However, more assertive attention is justified on the basis of qualitative as well as quantitative evidence. Neither unrestricted medical paternalism nor total patient autonomy should be unequivocally endorsed. Both the physician and the patient have a mutual obligation and incentive to achieve a proper balance. This balance is dynamic rather than static because attitudes and values change, and advance directives are not immutable documents. Hospitals have a moral imperative to create an organizational environment in which a genuine collaborative decision-making process will ultimately benefit all participants.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Hospitals and moral imperatives: hospital ethics.

... Because institutional ethics has been neglected, there is a tendency in our institutional life to apply moral principles with which we are familiar from our personal life. However, principles from individual ethics often distort institutional ethics. Ethical problems in the hospital are not exactly the same as ethical problems that arise when individual doctors treat individual patients. And when the problems are similar, the ethical principles by which we should resolve them are likely to be quite different. To begin to make a case for taking hospital ethics seriously, I briefly examine two familiar principles of individual doctor-patient ethics that look different, or should look different, in the setting of a hospital. I then discuss ethics committees -- one of the most important ways in which hospital ethics is put into practice.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient harm.

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Health Facilities↗